Continuation
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In computing
and programming
, a continuation
is an abstract representation of the control state
,
or the "rest of computation" or "rest of code to be executed". This is
closely linked with what part of the program you are in: which function
and which line is being executed. The "current continuation
" or
"continuation of the computation step" are the instructions that will
be executed after the current line of code is executed.
The term continuations
can also be used to refer to first-class continuations
,
which are constructs that give a programming language the ability to
save the execution state at any point and return to that point at a
later point in the program.
Programs must allocate space in memory for the variables its functions use. Most programming languages use a call stack
for storing the variables needed because it allows for fast and simple
allocating and automatic deallocation of memory. There are also
programming languages that use a heap
for this, which allows for flexibility but with a higher cost for
allocating and deallocating memory. These two different implementations
both have benefits and drawbacks in the context of continuations.[
1]
Almost all languages have a means for manipulating the order of
execution steps (i.e. manipulating the continuation of a computation
step). The goto
is the most basic form of this. Control structures like if statements
, loops
, return statements
, break statements
, and exit
are more structured (and limited) ways to manipulate the order of
executing instructions and are essentially limited goto statements.
More complex constructs exist as well. For example in C
, setjmp
can be used to jump from the middle of one function
to another function, provided the second function is lower on the stack
(if it is waiting for the first function to return, possibly among
others). Other more complex examples include coroutines
in Simula 67
, tasklets in Stackless Python
, generators
Icon
and Python
, continuations in Scala
(starting in 2.8), fibers
in Ruby
(starting in 1.9.1), the backtracking
mechanism in Prolog
, and threads
.
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