Java线程池小结

Java通过Executors提供四种线程池，分别为： 
newCachedThreadPool创建一个可缓存线程池，如果线程池长度超过处理需要，可灵活回收空闲线程，若无可回收，则新建线程。 
newFixedThreadPool 创建一个定长线程池，可控制线程最大并发数，超出的线程会在队列中等待。 
newScheduledThreadPool 创建一个定长线程池，支持定时及周期性任务执行。 
newSingleThreadExecutor 创建一个单线程化的线程池，它只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务，保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO, LIFO, 优先级)执行。 

(1) newCachedThreadPool 
创建一个可缓存线程池，如果线程池长度超过处理需要，可灵活回收空闲线程，若无可回收，则新建线程。示例代码如下： 

package test;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
   final int index = i;
   try {
    Thread.sleep(index * 1000);
   } catch (InterruptedException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
   }
   cachedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
    public void run() {
     System.out.println(index);
    }
   });
  }
 }
}

线程池为无限大，当执行第二个任务时第一个任务已经完成，会复用执行第一个任务的线程，而不用每次新建线程。 

(2) newFixedThreadPool 
创建一个定长线程池，可控制线程最大并发数，超出的线程会在队列中等待。示例代码如下： 

package test;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
   final int index = i;
   fixedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
    public void run() {
     try {
      System.out.println(index);
      Thread.sleep(2000);
     } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
     }
    }
   });
  }
 }
}

因为线程池大小为3，每个任务输出index后sleep 2秒，所以每两秒打印3个数字。 
定长线程池的大小最好根据系统资源进行设置。如Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() 



(3)  newScheduledThreadPool 
创建一个定长线程池，支持定时及周期性任务执行。延迟执行示例代码如下： 

package test;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);
  scheduledThreadPool.schedule(new Runnable() {
   public void run() {
    System.out.println("delay 3 seconds");
   }
  }, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
 }
}

表示延迟3秒执行。 

定期执行示例代码如下： 

package test;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);
  scheduledThreadPool.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {
   public void run() {
    System.out.println("delay 1 seconds, and excute every 3 seconds");
   }
  }, 1, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
 }
}

表示延迟1秒后每3秒执行一次。 



(4) newSingleThreadExecutor 
创建一个单线程化的线程池，它只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务，保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO, LIFO, 优先级)执行。示例代码如下： 

package test;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
   final int index = i;
   singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
    public void run() {
     try {
      System.out.println(index);
      Thread.sleep(2000);
     } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
     }
    }
   });
  }
 }
}

结果依次输出，相当于顺序执行各个任务。 

本篇非原创转载：http://cuisuqiang.iteye.com/blog/2019372