实战：用C写php扩展（一）

1、  前言
首先，确保你的机器安装了apache和php。假设apache的安装目录为/usr/local/apache2，php的安装目录为/usr/local/php

此外你还需要一份php源码（可以从http://www.php.net/downloads.php上获取），假设我们的php源码保存在/home/sunlylorn/php下。

2、  实战
我们要写一个php扩展：myExt
[c-sharp] view plaincopyprint?
cd /home/sunlylorn/php/ext 
ext_skel --extname=myExt 
 
cd myExt 
vi config.m4 

先来看一下一个默认的config.m4文件，如下所示：
[c-sharp] view plaincopyprint?
dnl $Id$ 
dnl config.m4 for extension myExt 
 
dnl Comments in this file start with the string 'dnl'. 
dnl Remove where necessary. This file will not work 
dnl without editing. 
 
dnl If your extension references something external, use with: 
 
dnl PHP_ARG_WITH(myExt, for myExt support, 
dnl Make sure that the comment is aligned: 
dnl [  --with-myExt             Include myExt support]) 
 
dnl Otherwise use enable: 
 
dnl PHP_ARG_ENABLE(myExt, whether to enable myExt support, 
dnl Make sure that the comment is aligned: 
dnl [  --enable-myExt           Enable myExt support]) 
 
if test "$PHP_MYEXT" != "no"; then 
  dnl Write more examples of tests here... 
 
  dnl # --with-myExt -> check with-path 
  dnl SEARCH_PATH="/usr/local /usr"     # you might want to change this 
  dnl SEARCH_FOR="/include/myExt.h"  # you most likely want to change this 
  dnl if test -r $PHP_MYEXT/$SEARCH_FOR; then # path given as parameter 
  dnl   MYEXT_DIR=$PHP_MYEXT 
  dnl else # search default path list 
  dnl   AC_MSG_CHECKING([for myExt files in default path]) 
  dnl   for i in $SEARCH_PATH ; do 
  dnl     if test -r $i/$SEARCH_FOR; then 
  dnl       MYEXT_DIR=$i 
  dnl       AC_MSG_RESULT(found in $i) 
  dnl     fi 
  dnl   done 
  dnl fi   
  dnl 
  dnl if test -z "$MYEXT_DIR"; then 
  dnl   AC_MSG_RESULT([not found]) 
  dnl   AC_MSG_ERROR([Please reinstall the myExt distribution]) 
  dnl fi   
 
  dnl # --with-myExt -> add include path 
  dnl PHP_ADD_INCLUDE($MYEXT_DIR/include) 
 
  dnl # --with-myExt -> check for lib and symbol presence 
  dnl LIBNAME=myExt # you may want to change this 
  dnl LIBSYMBOL=myExt # you most likely want to change this  
 
  dnl PHP_CHECK_LIBRARY($LIBNAME,$LIBSYMBOL, 
  dnl [ 
  dnl   PHP_ADD_LIBRARY_WITH_PATH($LIBNAME, $MYEXT_DIR/lib, MYEXT_SHARED_LIBADD) 
  dnl   AC_DEFINE(HAVE_MYEXTLIB,1,[ ]) 
  dnl ],[  
  dnl   AC_MSG_ERROR([wrong myExt lib version or lib not found]) 
  dnl ],[  
  dnl   -L$MYEXT_DIR/lib -lm 
  dnl ]) 
  dnl 
  dnl PHP_SUBST(MYEXT_SHARED_LIBADD) 
 
  PHP_NEW_EXTENSION(myExt, myExt.c, $ext_shared) 
fi 

[c-sharp] view plaincopyprint?
//修改如下三行： 
dnl PHP_ARG_ENABLE(myExt, whether to enable myExt support, 
dnl Make sure that the comment is aligned: 
dnl [  --enable-myExt           Enable myExt support]) 
//为 
PHP_ARG_ENABLE(myExt, whether to enable myExt support, 
dnl Make sure that the comment is aligned: 
[  --enable-myExt           Enable myExt support]) 

注解：
config.m4 文件负责在配置时解析configure 的命令行选项。凡是带有 dnl 前缀的都是注释，注释是不被解析的。
[c-sharp] view plaincopyprint?
//当然你也可以修改如下三行： 
dnl PHP_ARG_WITH(myExt, for myExt support, 
dnl Make sure that the comment is aligned: 
dnl [  --with-myExt             Include myExt support]) 
//为 
PHP_ARG_WITH(myExt, for myExt support, 
dnl Make sure that the comment is aligned: 
[  --with-myExt             Include myExt support]) 

不同之处在于下面调用configure编译时是使用--with-myExt还是--enable-myExt。当需要引用外部文件时使用第一个选项（就像用 -–with-apache 指令来引用 Apache 的目录一样），后者正好相反。不过，不管你使用哪一个指令，你都应该注释掉另外一个。
[c-sharp] view plaincopyprint?
phpize //执行这一步的目的是根据config.m4文件的内容生成configure文件 
 
configure --enable-myExt 
 
修改php_myExt.h与myExt.c完成功能 
 
make //这时，在myExt/modules目录就应该已经生成了myExt.so扩展模块了 
 
make install //会自动把生成的myExt.so模块拷贝到php认为正确的扩展目录，我测试的时候此目录为　/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/ 
你也可以手动把myExt.so扩展拷贝到想要的目录 
 
修改php.ini文件，添加extension=myExt.so 
 
/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart //重启apache 

至此，一个最简单的php扩展我们已经完成了。下面我们来测试一下。
注意到扩展目录下存在一个名为myExt.php的文件，该文件是自动生成的。我们先来看一下该文件中的内容：
[c-sharp] view plaincopyprint?
<?php 
$br = (php_sapi_name() == "cli")? "":"<br>"; 
 
if(!extension_loaded('myExt')) {            //如果没有在php.ini文件中添加extension=myExt.so 
        dl('myExt.so');                     //就需要动态加载myExt.so 
} 
$module = 'myExt'; 
$functions = get_extension_funcs($module);  //获取被导出的扩展函数名，默认的导出函数为confirm_myExt_compiled() 
echo "Functions available in the test extension:$br/n"; 
foreach($functions as $func) { 
    echo $func."$br/n"; 
} 
echo "$br/n"; 
$function = 'confirm_' . $module . '_compiled'; 
if (extension_loaded($module)) { 
        $str = $function($module); 
} else { 
        $str = "Module $module is not compiled into PHP"; 
} 
echo "$str/n"; 
?> 
运行/usr/local/php/bin/php myExt.php 
你可以看到如下输出： 
Functions available in the test extension: 
confirm_myExt_compiled 
Congratulations! You have successfully modified ext/myExt/config.m4. Module myExt is now compiled into PHP. 

接下来，你就可以在自己的php代码中使用confirm_myExt_compiled()函数了