Linux服务器安装Mysql的步骤

Linux服务器安装Mysql的步骤

 

1.检查软件是否已经安装

 rpm -qa|grep -i mysql

 

2.强制卸载软件

 rpm -e --nodeps MySQL-server-5.0.22-0

 

3.安装Server端

 rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.0.22-0.i386.rpm

 

安装MySQL服务端的时候报错，报错信息如下：

 [root@iZ23k6iktncZ ~]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.0.22-0.i386.rpm

error: Failed dependencies:

        ld-linux.so.2 is needed by MySQL-server-5.0.22-0.i386

        libc.so.6 is needed by MySQL-server-5.0.22-0.i386

        libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.0) is needed by MySQL-server-5.0.22-0.i386

        libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.1) is needed by MySQL-server-5.0.22-0.i386

        libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.1.2) is needed by MySQL-server-5.0.22-0.i386

        libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.1.3) is needed by MySQL-server-5.0.22-0.i386

        libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.2) is needed by MySQL-server-5.0.22-0.i386

        libcrypt.so.1 is needed by MySQL-server-5.0.22-0.i386

        libm.so.6 is needed by MySQL-server-5.0.22-0.i386

        libnsl.so.1 is needed by MySQL-server-5.0.22-0.i386

        libnss_dns.so.2 is needed by MySQL-server-5.0.22-0.i386

        libnss_files.so.2 is needed by MySQL-server-5.0.22-0.i386

        libpthread.so.0 is needed by MySQL-server-5.0.22-0.i386

        libpthread.so.0(GLIBC_2.0) is needed by MySQL-server-5.0.22-0.i386

        libpthread.so.0(GLIBC_2.1) is needed by MySQL-server-5.0.22-0.i386

        libpthread.so.0(GLIBC_2.2) is needed by MySQL-server-5.0.22-0.i386

        libresolv.so.2 is needed by MySQL-server-5.0.22-0.i386

 

解决方法（执行下面一行命令）：

 yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ gcc4-c++ pam-devel

 

 

4.如果你安装的机器此时可以连接到互联网，可以跳过第3步使用yum命令来简化安装过程：

　　      yum install mysql-server mysql-devel mysql

　　      yum将自动从centos的镜像站点查找你指明的软件的最新二进制包，并检查软件包依赖关系，安装软件的同时自动安装其依赖的软件包。

 

5.启动mysqld服务

 service mysqld start

 

6.设置mysql帐号

以root帐号连接到mysql服务器：

           mysql -u root 

改变当前数据库为mysql：

           use mysql

设置从本地主机登录的root帐号密码：

           set password for root@localhost=password('your password');

           或：

           update user set password=password('your password') where user='root' and host='localhost';

删除匿名帐号： 

           delete from user where user='' ;

删除密码为空的帐号：

           delete from user where password='';

删除允许非localhost主机登录的帐号：

           delete from user where host<>'localhost' ;

执行下面的命令使更改生效：

           flush privileges ; 

执行下面的命令退出mysql命令行：

           quit 或：exit

 

7.查看mysql的安装路径

 whereis mysql

 

8.查看mysql版本号

 mysql -V  或者  mysql --version

 

9.设置开机启动

 

设置开机自启动的方法有很多，例如使用chkconfig命令，

 

chkconfig mysqld on     设置mysql开机启动

 

chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld      修改mysqld执行权限

 

另外也可以在/etc/rc.local文件中加上如下MySQL的启动命令，例如：

 

/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql start

 

设置完成后重启系统，使用netstat –nat命令可看到MySQL的3306端口：

 

[root@iZ23k6iktncZ init.d]# netstat -nat

Active Internet connections (servers and established)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q     Local Address         Foreign Address             State      

tcp        0      0                  0.0.0.0:8009                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      

tcp        0      0                  0.0.0.0:3306                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      

tcp        0      0                  0.0.0.0:3690                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN

 

10.查看数据库目前的编码：show variables like '%char%'; 

+------------------------------------+-----------------------+

| Variable_name                     | Value                     |

+------------------------------------+-----------------------+

| character_set_client             | latin1                     | 

| character_set_connection    | latin1                    | 

| character_set_database      | latin1                     | 

| character_set_filesystem     | binary                    | 

| character_set_results           | latin1                     | 

| character_set_server           | latin1                      | 

| character_set_system          | utf8                        | 

| character_sets_dir                | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | 

+-----------------------------------+----------------------------+

要将其编码修改为utf8，进行一下几步操作：

 

（1）.查找MySQL的cnf文件的位置，执行命令

 

find / -iname '*.cnf' -print

 

结果如下：

 

/etc/my.cnf

/etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf

/opt/rh/mysql55/root/etc/my.cnf

/opt/rh/mysql55/root/usr/share/doc/mysql55-mysql-server-5.5.36/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf

/opt/rh/mysql55/root/usr/share/doc/mysql55-mysql-server-5.5.36/my-huge.cnf

/opt/rh/mysql55/root/usr/share/doc/mysql55-mysql-server-5.5.36/my-large.cnf

/opt/rh/mysql55/root/usr/share/doc/mysql55-mysql-server-5.5.36/my-small.cnf

/opt/rh/mysql55/root/usr/share/doc/mysql55-mysql-server-5.5.36/my-medium.cnf

/opt/rh/mysql55/root/usr/share/mysql/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf

/opt/rh/mysql55/root/usr/share/mysql/my-huge.cnf

/opt/rh/mysql55/root/usr/share/mysql/my-large.cnf

/opt/rh/mysql55/root/usr/share/mysql/my-small.cnf

/opt/rh/mysql55/root/usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf

/usr/share/doc/mysql-server-5.0.95/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf

/usr/share/doc/mysql-server-5.0.95/my-huge.cnf

/usr/share/doc/mysql-server-5.0.95/my-large.cnf

/usr/share/doc/mysql-server-5.0.95/my-small.cnf

/usr/share/doc/mysql-server-5.0.95/my-medium.cnf

/usr/share/mysql/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf

/usr/share/mysql/my-huge.cnf

/usr/share/mysql/my-large.cnf

/usr/share/mysql/my-small.cnf

/usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf

 

（2）.拷贝 small.cnf、my-medium.cnf、my-huge.cnf、my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf其中的一个到/etc下，命名为my.cnf

cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf，如果出现是否覆盖提示，选择‘y’确定

 

（3）.修改my.cnf

vi /etc/my.cnf

在[client]下添加

default-character-set=utf8

在[mysqld]下添加

default-character-set=utf8

 

（4）.重新启动MySQL

service mysqld restart

 

（5）.再次查看数据库目前的编码：show variables like '%char%'; 

+----------------------------------+----------------------------+

| Variable_name                   | Value                        |

+----------------------------------+----------------------------+

| character_set_client          | utf8                             | 

| character_set_connection | utf8                            | 

| character_set_database   | utf8                            | 

| character_set_filesystem  | binary                         | 

| character_set_results        | utf8                              | 

| character_set_server        | utf8                               | 

| character_set_system       | utf8                               | 

| character_sets_dir            | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | 

+--------------------------+--------------------------------------+

 

11.查看某个数据库的编码

 

use mysql

show variables like '%character%';

 

12.修改某个数据库的编码

 

alter database mysql character set utf8;

commit;