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ORACLE RMAN 备份

 
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一、归档和非归档转换

1.查看数据库模式
SQL> show user;
USER is "SYS"
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence     8
Next log sequence to archive   10
Current log sequence           10

为了测试，先转换为非归档模式，再转为归档模式
1.关闭数据库
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
2.启动到mount
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.


Total System Global Area  451981312 bytes
Fixed Size                  1337100 bytes
Variable Size             322963700 bytes
Database Buffers          121634816 bytes
Redo Buffers                6045696 bytes
alter database Database mounted.
3.关闭闪回模式，否则后续关闭归档可能会有ORA-38774错误
SQL> alter database flashback off;


Database altered.
4.修改为非归档模式
QL> alter database noarchivelog;
alter database noarchivelog
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-38781: cannot disable media recovery - have guaranteed restore points


删除还原点
SQL> select name from v$restore_point;


NAME
--------------------------------------------------
TEST_GUARANTEE_201306302215


SQL> drop restore point TEST_GUARANTEE_201306302215;
Restore point dropped.


5.打开数据库
SQL> alter database noarchivelog;

Database altered.

QL> alter database open;

Database altered.

6修改为归档模式
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              No Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Disabled
Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence     8
Current log sequence           10
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.


Total System Global Area  451981312 bytes
Fixed Size                  1337100 bytes
Variable Size             322963700 bytes
Database Buffers          121634816 bytes
Redo Buffers                6045696 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database archivelog;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence     9
Next log sequence to archive   11
Current log sequence           11
SQL> select  name,flashback_on from v$database;


NAME               FLASHBACK_ON
------------------ ------------------------------------
ORCL               NO


7.查看闪回参数（使用alter system 设置）
SQL> show parameter db_recovery;


NAME                                 TYPE                   VALUE
------------------------------------ ---------------------- ------------------------------
db_recovery_file_dest                string                 /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery
                                                            _area
db_recovery_file_dest_size           big integer            10G
SQL> show parameter db_flashback;


NAME                                 TYPE                   VALUE
------------------------------------ ---------------------- ------------------------------
db_flashback_retention_target        integer                1440


8.启用闪回
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
startup ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
SP2-0714: invalid combination of STARTUP options
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.


Total System Global Area  451981312 bytes
Fixed Size                  1337100 bytes
Variable Size             322963700 bytes
Database Buffers          121634816 bytes
Redo Buffers                6045696 bytes
Database mounted.


SQL> alter database flashback on;


Database altered.


SQL> alter database open;


Database altered.


SQL> select  name,flashback_on from v$database;


NAME               FLASHBACK_ON
------------------ ------------------------------------
ORCL               YES


9.查看闪回是否启用
SQL> select  name,flashback_on from v$database;


NAME               FLASHBACK_ON
------------------ ------------------------------------
ORCL               YES


二、连接测试
1.连接RMAN
[oracle@pc-centos ~]$ rman target sys/orcl  


Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Feb 17 22:13:03 2014


Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.


connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1310729769)
2.执行全库备份
RMAN> backup database plus archivelog delete input;--表示执行数据文件及控制文件，参数文件及所有归档重做日志文件，并删除旧的归档日志。


Starting backup at 2014-02-17 22:20:20
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=4 RECID=54 STAMP=819749439
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2014-02-17 22:20:20
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2014-02-17 22:20:21
piece handle=/opt/oracle/obak/bkup_5fp0sn54_1_1 tag=TAG20140217T222020 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_07_02/o1_mf_1_4_8x5jsy8z_.arc RECID=54 STAMP=819749439
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=9 RECID=220 STAMP=839629815
input archived log thread=1 sequence=11 RECID=221 STAMP=839802020
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2014-02-17 22:20:22
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2014-02-17 22:20:25
piece handle=/opt/oracle/obak/bkup_5gp0sn56_1_1 tag=TAG20140217T222020 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2014_02_15/o1_mf_1_9_9hyyhpj6_.arc RECID=220 STAMP=839629815
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2014_02_17/o1_mf_1_11_9j46o4fs_.arc RECID=221 STAMP=839802020
Finished backup at 2014-02-17 22:20:25


Starting backup at 2014-02-17 22:20:25
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/jerry.db
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00013 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/backup01.dbf
input datafile file number=00015 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/backup02.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf
input datafile file number=00008 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/rman01.dbf
input datafile file number=00010 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/fbra01.dbf
input datafile file number=00012 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/testreuse03.dbf
input datafile file number=00014 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs02.dbf
input datafile file number=00016 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/fda1
input datafile file number=00017 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/fda2
input datafile file number=00018 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/fda3
input datafile file number=00019 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/fda4
input datafile file number=00009 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/eygle01.dbf
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/bftbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
input datafile file number=00011 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/demo01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2014-02-17 22:20:25
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2014-02-17 22:22:40
piece handle=/opt/oracle/obak/bkup_5hp0sn59_1_1 tag=TAG20140217T222025 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:15
Finished backup at 2014-02-17 22:22:40


Starting backup at 2014-02-17 22:22:40
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=12 RECID=222 STAMP=839802160
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2014-02-17 22:22:41
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2014-02-17 22:22:42
piece handle=/opt/oracle/obak/bkup_5ip0sn9h_1_1 tag=TAG20140217T222241 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2014_02_17/o1_mf_1_12_9j46sjw0_.arc RECID=222 STAMP=839802160
Finished backup at 2014-02-17 22:22:42


Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2014-02-17 22:22:42
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/autobackup/2014_02_17/o1_mf_s_839802162_9j46slmz_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2014-02-17 22:22:43


3.备份某个指定的表空间
RMAN> backup tablespace jerry plus archivelog delete input;




Starting backup at 2014-02-17 22:26:54
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=13 RECID=223 STAMP=839802414
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2014-02-17 22:26:54
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2014-02-17 22:26:55
piece handle=/opt/oracle/obak/bkup_5kp0snhe_1_1 tag=TAG20140217T222654 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2014_02_17/o1_mf_1_13_9j471gok_.arc RECID=223 STAMP=839802414
Finished backup at 2014-02-17 22:26:55


Starting backup at 2014-02-17 22:26:55
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/jerry.db
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2014-02-17 22:26:56
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2014-02-17 22:28:03
piece handle=/opt/oracle/obak/bkup_5lp0snhg_1_1 tag=TAG20140217T222655 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:07
Finished backup at 2014-02-17 22:28:03


Starting backup at 2014-02-17 22:28:03
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=14 RECID=224 STAMP=839802484
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2014-02-17 22:28:05
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2014-02-17 22:28:08
piece handle=/opt/oracle/obak/bkup_5mp0snjl_1_1 tag=TAG20140217T222804 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2014_02_17/o1_mf_1_14_9j473nsc_.arc RECID=224 STAMP=839802484
Finished backup at 2014-02-17 22:28:08


Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2014-02-17 22:28:09
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/autobackup/2014_02_17/o1_mf_s_839802489_9j473ts8_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2014-02-17 22:28:12


4.备份归档日志
RMAN> backup archivelog all delete input;


Starting backup at 2014-02-17 22:29:52
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=15 RECID=225 STAMP=839802593
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2014-02-17 22:29:53
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2014-02-17 22:29:54
piece handle=/opt/oracle/obak/bkup_5op0snn1_1_1 tag=TAG20140217T222953 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2014_02_17/o1_mf_1_15_9j4771kt_.arc RECID=225 STAMP=839802593
Finished backup at 2014-02-17 22:29:54


Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2014-02-17 22:29:54
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/autobackup/2014_02_17/o1_mf_s_839802594_9j47735p_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2014-02-17 22:29:5


5.使用list backup查看备份信息
RMAN> list backupset;
...................
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time 
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
154     Full    1.29G      DISK        00:00:57     2014-02-17 22:27:53
        BP Key: 154   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20140217T222655
        Piece Name: /opt/oracle/obak/bkup_5lp0snhg_1_1
  List of Datafiles in backup set 154
  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time            Name
  ---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
  6       Full 10018739   2014-02-17 22:26:56 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/jerry.db
..............................................




全备和0级增量备份
二者区别在于0级备份可以做为增量备份的基础。


可以使用批处理命令
run{
 allocate channel channel1 type disk;
 backup
 format '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/fullbackup_%t'
 tag jerryfullbackup
 database;
 release channel channel1;
}
format:
%c：备份片的拷贝数(从1开始编号)；
%d：数据库名称；
%D：位于该月中的天数(DD)；
%M：位于该年中的月份(MM)；
%F：一个基于DBID唯一的名称，这个格式的形式为c-xxx-YYYYMMDD-QQ,其中xxx位该数据库的DBID，YYYYMMDD为日期，QQ是一个1-256的序列；
%n：数据库名称，并且会在右侧用x字符进行填充，使其保持长度为8；
%u：是一个由备份集编号和建立时间压缩后组成的8字符名称。利用%u可以为每个备份集产生一个唯一的名称；
%p：表示备份集中的备份片的编号，从1开始编号；
%U：是%u_%p_%c的简写形式，利用它可以为每一个备份片段(既磁盘文件)生成一个唯一的名称.
%t：备份集时间戳;
%T:年月日格式(YYYYMMDD);
channel指RMAN和目标数据库之间的连接，在目标数据库启动分配一个服务器进程，用来执行操作。


RMAN备份方案参考：
1.周日晚上      -level 0 backup performed
2.周一晚上      -level 2 backup performed
3.周二晚上      -level 2 backup performed
4.周三晚上      -level 1 backup performed
5.周四晚上      -level 2 backup performed
6.周五晚上      -level 2 backup performed
7.周六晚上      -level 2 backup performed

如果周二需要恢复的话，只需要1+2,
如果周四需要恢复的话，只需要1+4,
如果周五需要恢复的话，只需要1+4+5,
如果周六需要恢复的话，只需要1+4+5+6

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