struts2官方入门案列curd 编辑

偶然在查看文档时，看到这个demo，后来认真看了下真是麻雀虽小，很单一的struts2的增删改查，但是却从各方面诠释着struts2这一开源框架的精妙设计和丰富的可定制性。文档上提供是片段式的代码讲解，且是英文的，所以这里记录一下，方面以后查看。

和以前一样，先上效果图：

图一：

图二：

图三：

图四：

虽然从图上看的话，以上功能简单，但是代码里，时刻体现着该框架的设计之优秀，首先，我们新建一个web功能CusManager，并加入struts2的7个必要jar包。

第一步，新建两个实体类Department和Employee作POJO，代码如下：

packagecom.aurifa.struts2.tutorial.model;

importjava.io.Serializable;

publicclassDepartmentimplementsSerializable{
IntegerdepartmentId;

Stringname;

publicDepartment(){
}

publicDepartment(IntegerdepartmentId,Stringname){
this.departmentId=departmentId;
this.name=name;
}

publicIntegergetDepartmentId(){
returndepartmentId;
}

publicvoidsetDepartmentId(IntegerdepartmentId){
this.departmentId=departmentId;
}

publicStringgetName(){
returnname;
}

publicvoidsetName(Stringname){
this.name=name;
}

}

packagecom.aurifa.struts2.tutorial.model;

importjava.io.Serializable;

publicclassEmployeeimplementsSerializable{
privateIntegeremployeeId;

privateIntegerage;

privateStringfirstName;

privateStringlastName;

privateDepartmentdepartment;

publicEmployee(){
}

publicEmployee(IntegeremployeeId,StringfirstName,StringlastName,
Integerage,Departmentdepartment){
this.employeeId=employeeId;
this.firstName=firstName;
this.lastName=lastName;
this.age=age;
this.department=department;
}

publicDepartmentgetDepartment(){
returndepartment;
}

publicvoidsetDepartment(Departmentdepartment){
this.department=department;
}

publicIntegergetEmployeeId(){
returnemployeeId;
}

publicvoidsetEmployeeId(IntegeremployeeId){
this.employeeId=employeeId;
}

publicIntegergetAge(){
returnage;
}

publicvoidsetAge(Integerage){
this.age=age;
}

publicStringgetFirstName(){
returnfirstName;
}

publicvoidsetFirstName(StringfirstName){
this.firstName=firstName;
}

publicStringgetLastName(){
returnlastName;
}

publicvoidsetLastName(StringlastName){
this.lastName=lastName;
}
}

第二步，定义dao层的接口，代码如下：

packagecom.aurifa.struts2.tutorial.dao;

importjava.util.List;
importjava.util.Map;

publicinterfaceDepartmentDao{
publicListgetAllDepartments();
publicMapgetDepartmentsMap();
}

packagecom.aurifa.struts2.tutorial.dao;

importjava.util.List;

importcom.aurifa.struts2.tutorial.model.Employee;

publicinterfaceEmployeeDao{
publicListgetAllEmployees();
publicEmployeegetEmployee(Integerid);
publicvoidupdate(Employeeemp);
publicvoidinsert(Employeeemp);
publicvoiddelete(Integerid);
}

第三步，完成上述接口的实现类，代码如下：

packagecom.aurifa.struts2.tutorial.dao;

importjava.util.*;

importcom.aurifa.struts2.tutorial.model.Department;

publicclassDepartmentNoDBdaoimplementsDepartmentDao{
privatestaticListdepartments;
privatestaticMapdepartmentsMap;
static{
departments=newArrayList();
departments.add(newDepartment(newInteger(100),"Accounting"));
departments.add(newDepartment(newInteger(200),"R&D"));
departments.add(newDepartment(newInteger(300),"Sales"));
departmentsMap=newHashMap();
Iteratoriter=departments.iterator();
while(iter.hasNext()){
Departmentdept=(Department)iter.next();
departmentsMap.put(dept.getDepartmentId(),dept);
}

}
publicListgetAllDepartments(){
returndepartments;
}
publicMapgetDepartmentsMap(){
returndepartmentsMap;
}
}

packagecom.aurifa.struts2.tutorial.dao;

importjava.util.ArrayList;
importjava.util.Iterator;
importjava.util.List;
importjava.util.Map;

importorg.apache.commons.logging.Log;
importorg.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

importcom.aurifa.struts2.tutorial.model.Department;
importcom.aurifa.struts2.tutorial.model.Employee;

publicclassEmployeeNoDBdaoimplementsEmployeeDao{
privatestaticMapdepartmentsMap;
privatestaticArrayListemployees;

static{
employees=newArrayList();
employees.add(newEmployee(newInteger(1),"John","Doe",newInteger(36),newDepartment(newInteger(100),"Accounting")));
employees.add(newEmployee(newInteger(2),"Bob","Smith",newInteger(25),newDepartment(newInteger(300),"Sales")));
DepartmentDaodeptDao=newDepartmentNoDBdao();
departmentsMap=deptDao.getDepartmentsMap();
}

Loglogger=LogFactory.getLog(this.getClass());

publicListgetAllEmployees(){
returnemployees;
}

publicEmployeegetEmployee(Integerid){
Employeeemp=null;
Iteratoriter=employees.iterator();
while(iter.hasNext()){
emp=(Employee)iter.next();
if(emp.getEmployeeId().equals(id)){
break;
}
}
returnemp;
}

publicvoidupdate(Employeeemp){
Integerid=emp.getEmployeeId();
for(inti=0;i<employees.size();i++){
EmployeetempEmp=(Employee)employees.get(i);
if(tempEmp.getEmployeeId().equals(id)){
emp.setDepartment((Department)departmentsMap.get(emp.getDepartment().getDepartmentId()));
employees.set(i,emp);
break;
}
}
}

publicvoidinsert(Employeeemp){
intlastId=0;
Iteratoriter=employees.iterator();
while(iter.hasNext()){
Employeetemp=(Employee)iter.next();
if(temp.getEmployeeId().intValue()>lastId){
lastId=temp.getEmployeeId().intValue();
}
}
emp.setDepartment((Department)departmentsMap.get(emp.getDepartment().getDepartmentId()));
emp.setEmployeeId(newInteger(lastId+1));
employees.add(emp);
}

publicvoiddelete(Integerid){
for(inti=0;i<employees.size();i++){
EmployeetempEmp=(Employee)employees.get(i);
if(tempEmp.getEmployeeId().equals(id)){
employees.remove(i);
break;
}
}
}
}

第四步，根据dao层，完成service层（因为代码较为简单，未明确分包），代码如下：

packagecom.aurifa.struts2.tutorial.service;

importjava.util.List;

importcom.aurifa.struts2.tutorial.dao.DepartmentDao;
importcom.aurifa.struts2.tutorial.dao.DepartmentNoDBdao;

publicclassDepartmentDaoServiceimplementsDepartmentService{
privateDepartmentDaodao;

publicDepartmentDaoService(){
this.dao=newDepartmentNoDBdao();
}

publicListgetAllDepartments(){
returndao.getAllDepartments();
}
}

packagecom.aurifa.struts2.tutorial.service;

importjava.util.List;

importcom.aurifa.struts2.tutorial.dao.EmployeeDao;
importcom.aurifa.struts2.tutorial.dao.EmployeeNoDBdao;
importcom.aurifa.struts2.tutorial.model.Employee;

publicclassEmployeeDaoServiceimplementsEmployeeService{
privateEmployeeDaodao;

publicEmployeeDaoService(){
this.dao=newEmployeeNoDBdao();
}

publicListgetAllEmployees(){
returndao.getAllEmployees();
}

publicvoidupdateEmployee(Employeeemp){
dao.update(emp);
}

publicvoiddeleteEmployee(Integerid){
dao.delete(id);
}

publicEmployeegetEmployee(Integerid){
returndao.getEmployee(id);
}

publicvoidinsertEmployee(Employeeemp){
dao.insert(emp);
}
}

第五步，service层的接口，代码如下：

packagecom.aurifa.struts2.tutorial.service;

importjava.util.List;

publicinterfaceDepartmentService{
publicListgetAllDepartments();
}

packagecom.aurifa.struts2.tutorial.service;

importjava.util.List;

importcom.aurifa.struts2.tutorial.model.Employee;

publicinterfaceEmployeeService{
publicListgetAllEmployees();
publicvoidupdateEmployee(Employeeemp);
publicvoiddeleteEmployee(Integerid);
publicEmployeegetEmployee(Integerid);
publicvoidinsertEmployee(Employeeemp);
}

第六步，则是action层，代码如下：

packagecom.aurifa.struts2.tutorial.action;

importjava.util.List;

importorg.apache.commons.logging.Log;
importorg.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

importcom.aurifa.struts2.tutorial.model.Employee;
importcom.aurifa.struts2.tutorial.service.DepartmentDaoService;
importcom.aurifa.struts2.tutorial.service.DepartmentService;
importcom.aurifa.struts2.tutorial.service.EmployeeDaoService;
importcom.aurifa.struts2.tutorial.service.EmployeeService;
importcom.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
importcom.opensymphony.xwork2.Preparable;

publicclassEmployeeActionextendsActionSupportimplementsPreparable{

/**
*
*/
privatestaticfinallongserialVersionUID=-6886717038958304064L;

privateLoglogger=LogFactory.getLog(this.getClass());

privatestaticEmployeeServiceempService=newEmployeeDaoService();

privatestaticDepartmentServicedeptService=newDepartmentDaoService();

privateEmployeeemployee;

privateListemployees;

privateListdepartments;

publicvoidprepare()throwsException{
departments=deptService.getAllDepartments();
if(employee!=null&&employee.getEmployeeId()!=null){
employee=empService.getEmployee(employee.getEmployeeId());
}
}

publicStringdoSave(){
if(employee.getEmployeeId()==null){
empService.insertEmployee(employee);
}else{
empService.updateEmployee(employee);
}
returnSUCCESS;
}

publicStringdoDelete(){
empService.deleteEmployee(employee.getEmployeeId());
returnSUCCESS;
}

publicStringdoList(){
employees=empService.getAllEmployees();
returnSUCCESS;
}

publicStringdoInput(){
returnINPUT;
}

/**
*@returnReturnstheemployee.
*/
publicEmployeegetEmployee(){
returnemployee;
}

/**
*@paramemployee
*Theemployeetoset.
*/
publicvoidsetEmployee(Employeeemployee){
this.employee=employee;
}

/**
*@returnReturnstheemployees.
*/
publicListgetEmployees(){
returnemployees;
}

/**
*@returnReturnsthedepartments.
*/
publicListgetDepartments(){
returndepartments;
}
}

接着在同级目录下，我们添加该action的同名验证框架，代码如下：

<!DOCTYPEvalidatorsPUBLIC"-//OpenSymphonyGroup//XWorkValidator1.0.2//EN"
"http://www.opensymphony.com/xwork/xwork-validator-1.0.2.dtd">
<validators>
<fieldname="employee.firstName">
<field-validatortype="requiredstring">
<messagekey="errors.required.firstname"/>
</field-validator>
</field>
<fieldname="employee.lastName">
<field-validatortype="requiredstring">
<messagekey="errors.required.lastname"/>
</field-validator>
</field>
<fieldname="employee.age">
<field-validatortype="required"short-circuit="true">
<messagekey="errors.required.age"/>
</field-validator>
<field-validatortype="int">
<paramname="min">18</param>
<paramname="max">65</param>
<messagekey="errors.required.age.limit"/>
</field-validator>
</field>
</validators>

至此，代码部分大抵完成，下面在src下，新建所需的配置文件：

首先是log4j，代码如下：

<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPElog4j:configurationSYSTEM"log4j.dtd">
<log4j:configurationxmlns:log4j="http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/">
<appendername="stdout"class="org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender">
<layoutclass="org.apache.log4j.TTCCLayout"/>
</appender>

<!--logdetailconfiguration-->
<loggername="com.opensymphony.xwork">
<levelvalue="error"/>
<appender-refref="stdout"/>
</logger>
<loggername="com.opensymphony.webwork">
<levelvalue="error"/>
<appender-refref="stdout"/>
</logger>
<loggername="freemarker">
<levelvalue="warn"/>
<appender-refref="stdout"/>
</logger>
<loggername="com.mevipro">
<levelvalue="debug"/>
<appender-refref="stdout"/>
</logger>
<root>
<levelvalue="error"/>
<appender-refref="stdout"/>
</root>
</log4j:configuration>

其次是struts.xml，代码如下：

<!DOCTYPEstrutsPUBLIC
"-//ApacheSoftwareFoundation//DTDStrutsConfiguration2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<!--Includewebworkdefault(fromtheStrutsJAR).-->
<includefile="struts-default.xml"/>

<!--Configurationforthedefaultpackage.-->
<packagename="default"extends="struts-default">

<!--Defaultinterceptorstack.-->
<default-interceptor-refname="paramsPrepareParamsStack"/>
<actionname="index"class="com.aurifa.struts2.tutorial.action.EmployeeAction"method="list">
<resultname="success">/jsp/employees.jsp</result>
<!--wedon'tneedthefullstackhere-->
<interceptor-refname="basicStack"/>
</action>
<actionname="crud"class="com.aurifa.struts2.tutorial.action.EmployeeAction"method="input">
<resultname="success"type="redirect-action">index</result>
<resultname="input">/jsp/employeeForm.jsp</result>
<resultname="error">/jsp/error.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>

然后是struts的国际化文件，struts.properties和guest.properties，代码分别如下：

struts.custom.i18n.resources=guest

#labels
application.title=EmployeeMaintenanceApplication
label.employees=Employees
label.delete=Delete
label.edit=Edit
label.employee.edit=EditEmployee
label.employee.add=AddEmployee
label.firstName=FirstName
label.lastName=LastName
label.department=Department
label.age=Age

#buttonlabels
button.label.submit=Submit
button.label.cancel=Cancel

##--errors
errors.prefix=<spanstyle="color:red;font-weight:bold;">
errors.suffix=</span>
errors.general=AnErrorHasOcccured
errors.required.firstname=Nameisrequired.
errors.required.lastname=Lastnameisrequired.
errors.required.age=Pleaseprovideanage.
errors.required.age.limit=Pleaseprovideanagebetween${min}and${max}.
errors.required.department=Departmentisrequired.

最后贴上运行时的jsp页面，代码不多，下面我分别贴出来，代码如下：

<%@pagelanguage="java"import="java.util.*"pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
Stringpath=request.getContextPath();
StringbasePath=request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPEHTMLPUBLIC"-//W3C//DTDHTML4.01Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<basehref="<%=basePath%>">

<title>MyJSP'index.jsp'startingpage</title>
<metahttp-equiv="pragma"content="no-cache">
<metahttp-equiv="cache-control"content="no-cache">
<metahttp-equiv="expires"content="0">
<metahttp-equiv="keywords"content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<metahttp-equiv="Refresh"content="0;URL=index.action">
<!--
<linkrel="stylesheet"type="text/css"href="styles.css">
-->
</head>

<body>
ThisismyJSPpage.<br>
</body>
</html>

<%@pagecontentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8"language="java"%>
<%@taglibprefix="s"uri="/struts-tags"%>
<s:iftest="employee==null||employee.employeeId==null">
<s:setname="title"value="%{'Addnewemployee'}"/>
</s:if>
<s:else>
<s:setname="title"value="%{'Updateemployee'}"/>
</s:else>

<html>
<head>
<linkhref="css/main.css"rel="stylesheet"type="text/css"/>
<style>td{white-space:nowrap;}</style>
<title><s:propertyvalue="#title"/></title>
</head>
<body>
<divclass="titleDiv"><s:textname="application.title"/></div>
<h1><s:propertyvalue="#title"/></h1>
<%--<s:actionerror/>--%>
<%--<s:actionmessage/>--%>
<s:formaction="crud!save.action"method="post">
<s:textfieldname="employee.firstName"value="%{employee.firstName}"label="%{getText('label.firstName')}"size="40"/>
<s:textfieldname="employee.lastName"value="%{employee.lastName}"label="%{getText('label.lastName')}"size="40"/>
<s:textfieldname="employee.age"value="%{employee.age}"label="%{getText('label.age')}"size="20"/>
<s:selectname="employee.department.departmentId"value="%{employee.department.departmentId}"list="departments"listKey="departmentId"listValue="name"/>
<%--<s:selectname="gender"list="%{#{'male':'Male','female':'Female'}}"/>--%>
<s:hiddenname="employee.employeeId"value="%{employee.employeeId}"/>
<s:submitvalue="%{getText('button.label.submit')}"/>
<s:submitvalue="%{getText('button.label.cancel')}"name="redirect-action:index"/>
</s:form>
</body>
</html>

<%@pagecontentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8"language="java"%>
<%@taglibprefix="s"uri="/struts-tags"%>
<html>
<head>
<linkhref="css/main.css"rel="stylesheet"type="text/css"/>
<title><s:textname="label.employees"/></title>
</head>
<body>
<divclass="titleDiv"><s:textname="application.title"/></div>
<h1><s:textname="label.employees"/></h1>
<s:urlid="url"action="crud!input"/>
<ahref="<s:propertyvalue="#url"/>">AddNewEmployee</a>
<br/><br/>
<tableclass="borderAll">
<tr>
<th><s:textname="label.firstName"/></th>
<th><s:textname="label.lastName"/></th>
<th><s:textname="label.age"/></th>
<th><s:textname="label.department"/></th>
<th>&nbsp;</th>
</tr>
<s:iteratorvalue="employees"status="status">
<trclass="<s:iftest="#status.even">even</s:if><s:else>odd</s:else>">
<tdclass="nowrap"><s:propertyvalue="firstName"/></td>
<tdclass="nowrap"><s:propertyvalue="lastName"/></td>
<tdclass="nowrap"><s:propertyvalue="age"/></td>
<tdclass="nowrap"><s:propertyvalue="department.name"/></td>
<tdclass="nowrap">
<s:urlaction="crud!input"id="url">
<s:paramname="employee.employeeId"value="employeeId"/>
</s:url>
<ahref="<s:propertyvalue="#url"/>">Edit</a>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<s:urlaction="crud!delete"id="url">
<s:paramname="employee.employeeId"value="employeeId"/>
</s:url>
<ahref="<s:propertyvalue="#url"/>">Delete</a>
</td>
</tr>
</s:iterator>
</table>
</body>
</html>

<%@pagecontentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8"language="java"%>
<%@taglibprefix="s"uri="/struts-tags"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>ErrorPage</title>
<linkhref="<s:urlvalue='/css/main.css'/>"rel="stylesheet"type="text/css"/>
</head>
<body>
<s:actionerror/>
<br/>
Inorderthatthedevelopmentteamcanaddressthiserror,pleasereportwhatyouweredoingthatcausedthiserror.
<br/><br/>
Thefollowinginformationcanhelpthedevelopment
teamfindwheretheerrorhappenedandwhatcanbedonetopreventitfrom
happeninginthefuture.

</body>
</html>

以上页面引用到的css文件，代码如下：

html,body{
margin-left:10px;
margin-right:10px;
margin-bottom:5px;
color:black;
background-color:white;
font-family:Verdana,Arial,sans-serif;
font-size:12px;
}
.titleDiv{
background-color:#EFFBEF;
font-weight:bold;
font-size:18px;
text-align:left;
padding-left:10px;
padding-top:10px;
padding-bottom:10px;
border:2pxsolid#8F99EF;
}
h1{font-weight:bold;color:brown;font-size:15px;text-align:left;}

td{font-size:12px;padding-right:10px;}
th{text-align:left;font-weight:bold;font-size:13px;padding-right:10px;}
.tdLabel{font-weight:bold;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:top;}

A{color:#4A825A;text-decoration:none;}
A:link{text-decoration:none;}
A:visited{text-decoration:none;}
A:hover{text-decoration:none;color:red;}

.borderAll{
border:2pxsolid#8F99EF;
}

.butStnd{
font-family:arial,sans-serif;
font-size:11px;
width:105px;
background-color:#DCDFFA;color:#4A825A;font-weight:bold;
}

.error{
color:red;
font-weight:bold;
}
.errorSection{
padding-left:18px;
padding-top:2px;
padding-bottom:10px;
padding-right:5px;
}

.even{background-color:#EFFBEF;}
.odd{background-color:white;}

.nowrap{white-space:nowrap;}

到这里，这个例子基本上就完成了，其主要亮点在action层的实现类和验证xml，而jsp页面的tag和struts.xml也比较耐看，将web.xml配置好struts2的监听以后，部署到tomcat之后，浏览器键入：localhost:8080/CusManager，即可得到以上效果图所示。

代码我是全部都贴上了，连css也有，不会有任何地方的缺失，假使大家运行报错，请认真查看错误，并检查自己的web.xml的配置，除此之外不会有任何错误。