ActiveMQ 基本配置

简介

上一篇http://www.javaeye.com/topic/15317介绍了ActiveMQ5.0的安装，这一篇将介绍的配置。ActiveMQ包含了很多features（详见http://activemq.apache.org/features.html ），   
不同的需求，不同的环境，需要不同的features，当然需要不同的配置。在这里我只写了最基本的配置，算是抛砖了，希望引出更多关于ActiveMQ的高级配置。
假设已经正确安装ActiveMQ5.0，同时及其IP地址为192.168.1.148，具体使用时可以改为自己的IP。下面讲解的配置实现的features如下：

1. 客户端可以通过tcp://192.168.1.148连接ActiveMQ。
2. 消息持久化保存，重启服务器不会丢失消息。
3. 可以通过http://192.168.1.148:8161/admin监控ActiveMQ服务器

配置

ActiveMQ默认使用的是XML格式配置，从4.0版本开始用MBean的方式实现XML配置，配置文件在${activemq.home}/conf目录下，文件名为activemq.xml。最新的默认配置见
http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/activemq/trunk/assembly/src/release/conf/activemq.xml 。下面为本篇文章使用的配置，及重要部分的解释。

 

<beans
  xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:amq="http://activemq.org/config/1.0"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
  http://activemq.org/config/1.0 http://activemq.apache.org/schema/activemq-core.xsd
  http://activemq.apache.org/camel/schema/spring>

  <!-- persistent="true"表示要持久化存储消息，和子元素persistenceAdapter结合使用 -->
  <!-- dataDirectory默认的存储持久化数据的目录 -->
  <!-- brokerName 设置broker的name，在注意在网络上必须是唯一的-->
  <!-- 更多参考http://activemq.apache.org/xbean-xml-reference-50.html#XBeanXMLReference5.0-brokerelement -->
  <broker xmlns="http://activemq.org/config/1.0" brokerName="192.168.1.148" persistent ="true" dataDirectory="${activemq.base}/data" useShutdownHook="false">

    <!-- Destination specific policies using destination names or wildcards -->
    <!-- wildcards意义见http://activemq.apache.org/wildcards.html -->
    <destinationPolicy>
      <policyMap>
        <policyEntries>
       <!-- 这里使用了wildcards，表示所有以EUCITA开头的topic -->
          <policyEntry topic="EUCITA.>" producerFlowControl="false" memoryLimit="10mb">
            <!-- 分发策略 -->
        <dispatchPolicy>
          <!-- 按顺序分发 -->
              <strictOrderDispatchPolicy/>
            </dispatchPolicy>
        <!--  恢复策略-->
            <subscriptionRecoveryPolicy>
          <!-- 只恢复最后一个message -->
              <lastImageSubscriptionRecoveryPolicy/>
            </subscriptionRecoveryPolicy>
          </policyEntry>
        </policyEntries>
      </policyMap>
    </destinationPolicy>

    <!-- The transport connectors ActiveMQ will listen to -->
    <transportConnectors>
       <transportConnector name="openwire" uri="tcp://192.168.1.148:61616" discoveryUri="multicast://default"/>
       <transportConnector name="ssl"     uri="ssl://192.168.1.148:61617"/>
       <transportConnector name="stomp"   uri="stomp://192.168.1.148:61613"/>
       <transportConnector name="xmpp"    uri="xmpp://192.168.1.148:61222"/>
    </transportConnectors>

    <!-- 消息持久化方式 -->
    <persistenceAdapter>
      <amqPersistenceAdapter directory="${activemq.base}/data"/>
    </persistenceAdapter>
</broker>

  <!-- lets create a command agent to respond to message based admin commands on the ActiveMQ.Agent topic -->
    <commandAgent xmlns="http://activemq.org/config/1.0"/>

  <!-- An embedded servlet engine for serving up the Admin console -->
  <jetty xmlns="http://mortbay.com/schemas/jetty/1.0">
    <connectors>
      <nioConnector port="8161" />
    </connectors>

    <handlers>
      <webAppContext contextPath="/admin" resourceBase="${activemq.base}/webapps/admin" logUrlOnStart="true" />
      <webAppContext contextPath="/demo" resourceBase="${activemq.base}/webapps/demo" logUrlOnStart="true" />
    </handlers>
  </jetty>
</beans>

<beans
  xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:amq="http://activemq.org/config/1.0"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
  http://activemq.org/config/1.0 http://activemq.apache.org/schema/activemq-core.xsd
  http://activemq.apache.org/camel/schema/spring>

  <!-- persistent="true"表示要持久化存储消息，和子元素persistenceAdapter结合使用 -->
  <!-- dataDirectory默认的存储持久化数据的目录 -->
  <!-- brokerName 设置broker的name，在注意在网络上必须是唯一的-->
  <!-- 更多参考http://activemq.apache.org/xbean-xml-reference-50.html#XBeanXMLReference5.0-brokerelement -->
  <broker xmlns="http://activemq.org/config/1.0" brokerName="192.168.1.148" persistent ="true" dataDirectory="${activemq.base}/data" useShutdownHook="false">

    <!-- Destination specific policies using destination names or wildcards -->
    <!-- wildcards意义见http://activemq.apache.org/wildcards.html -->
    <destinationPolicy>
      <policyMap>
        <policyEntries>
       <!-- 这里使用了wildcards，表示所有以EUCITA开头的topic -->
          <policyEntry topic="EUCITA.>" producerFlowControl="false" memoryLimit="10mb">
            <!-- 分发策略 -->
        <dispatchPolicy>
          <!-- 按顺序分发 -->
              <strictOrderDispatchPolicy/>
            </dispatchPolicy>
        <!--  恢复策略-->
            <subscriptionRecoveryPolicy>
          <!-- 只恢复最后一个message -->
              <lastImageSubscriptionRecoveryPolicy/>
            </subscriptionRecoveryPolicy>
          </policyEntry>
        </policyEntries>
      </policyMap>
    </destinationPolicy>

    <!-- The transport connectors ActiveMQ will listen to -->
    <transportConnectors>
       <transportConnector name="openwire" uri="tcp://192.168.1.148:61616" discoveryUri="multicast://default"/>
       <transportConnector name="ssl"     uri="ssl://192.168.1.148:61617"/>
       <transportConnector name="stomp"   uri="stomp://192.168.1.148:61613"/>
       <transportConnector name="xmpp"    uri="xmpp://192.168.1.148:61222"/>
    </transportConnectors>

    <!-- 消息持久化方式 -->
    <persistenceAdapter>
      <amqPersistenceAdapter directory="${activemq.base}/data"/>
    </persistenceAdapter>
</broker>

  <!-- lets create a command agent to respond to message based admin commands on the ActiveMQ.Agent topic -->
    <commandAgent xmlns="http://activemq.org/config/1.0"/>

  <!-- An embedded servlet engine for serving up the Admin console -->
  <jetty xmlns="http://mortbay.com/schemas/jetty/1.0">
    <connectors>
      <nioConnector port="8161" />
    </connectors>

    <handlers>
      <webAppContext contextPath="/admin" resourceBase="${activemq.base}/webapps/admin" logUrlOnStart="true" />
      <webAppContext contextPath="/demo" resourceBase="${activemq.base}/webapps/demo" logUrlOnStart="true" />
    </handlers>
  </jetty>
</beans>

注释

关于XML配置中元素的具体信息可以参考http://activemq.apache.org/xbean-xml-reference-50.html 下面介绍本篇配置使用的一些重要元素。

DispathPolicy

ActiveMQ支持3中不同的分发策略（避免翻译了以后误解，这里用原文）：

1. <roundRobinDispatchPolicy>：Simple dispatch policy that sends a message to every subscription that matches the message.
2. <simpleDispatchPolicy>：Simple dispatch policy that sends a message to every subscription that matches the message.
3. <strictOrderDispatchPolicy>：Dispatch policy that causes every subscription to see messages in the same order.

SubscriptionRecoveryPolicy

ActiveMQ支持6种恢复策略，可以自行选择使用不同的策略

1. <fixedCountSubscriptionRecoveryPolicy>： keep a fixed count of last messages.
2. <fixedSizedSubscriptionRecoveryPolicy>： keep a fixed amount of memory available in RAM for message history which is evicted in time order.
3. <lastImageSubscriptionRecoveryPolicy>：only keep the last message.
4. <noSubscriptionRecoveryPolicy>：disable recovery of messages.
5. <queryBasedSubscriptionRecoveryPolicy>：perform a user specific query mechanism to load any messages they may have missed.
6. <timedSubscriptionRecoveryPolicy>：keep a timed buffer of messages around in memory and use that to recover new subscriptions.

PersistenceAdapter

http://activemq.apache.org/persistence 讲解了关于persistence的信息。ActiveMQ5.0使用AMQ Message Store 持久化消息，这种方式提供了很好的性能（The AMQ Message Store is an embeddable transactional message storage solution that is extremely fast and reliable.） 默认使用该存储方式即可，如果想使用JDBC来存储，可以查找文档配置。 

Summary

本篇文章只提供了基本配置信息。如果需要更多的文章，可以查看ActiveMQ的文档。

讲了安装和简单的配置，下一篇将介绍和Sping的整合，以及多个queue，多个topic，多个producer，多个consumer的配置，使用。