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 Java 開發人員與網頁設計人員的橋樑 DWR…呃!我懶得寫簡介了…直接來看看可以做什麼吧!…

請先到 http://getahead.ltd.uk/dwr/<wbr> 下載 dwr.jar,放到WEB-INF/lib下…

負責處理客戶端請求,並呼叫Java物件的是DWRServlet,DWR其實也有些Model 2的味道,只是View的這一層比較弱,因為放到客戶端的JavaScript應用程式中…

在web.xml中加入DWRServlet…
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<?xml version="1.0"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> encoding="UTF-8"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">?>
<web-app id="WebApp_ID"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> version="2.4"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
xsi:schemaLocation=
"http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">>
  <display-name>
  ajaxDWR</display-name>
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>uk.ltd.getahead.dwr.DWRServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <description>
      </description>
      <param-name>debug</param-name>
      <param-value>true</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/dwr/*</url-pattern></wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
</servlet-mapping></wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
</web-app></wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">



接下來寫個簡單的Hello吧!
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<wbr>package</wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> onlyfun.caterpillar;

<wbr>public</wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> <wbr>class</wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> Hello {</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
  <wbr>public</wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> String hello(String name) {</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
      <wbr>return</wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> "哈囉!"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> + name + "!您的第一個DWR!"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">;
    }</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
}</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">


客戶端要呼叫這個Java物件,傳給它參數,而後傳回一個字串,客戶端再顯示這個字串,神奇?其實是要告訴DWRServlet這件事,這需要一個dwr.xml:
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<?xml version="1.0"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> encoding="UTF-8"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">?>
<!DOCTYPE dwr PUBLIC "-//GetAhead Limited//DTD Direct Web Remoting 1.0//EN"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
"http://www.getahead.ltd.uk/dwr/dwr10.dtd"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">>

<dwr>
  <allow>
    <create creator="new"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> javascript="Hello"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">>
      <param name="class"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> value="onlyfun.caterpillar.Hello"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> />
    </create>
  </allow>
</dwr>



creator設定為new,表示使用Hello的無參數建構子來生成物件,javascript設定為Hello,表示客戶端JavaScript程式可以使用Hello來呼叫對應的onlyfun.caterpillar.Hello物件。

來寫個客戶端的網頁,當中有一個輸入欄位…
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> content="text/html; charset=BIG5"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">>
  <title>第一個DWR程式</title>
  <script type='text/javascript'</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> src='dwr/interface/Hello.js'</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">></script>
  <script type='text/javascript'</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> src='dwr/engine.js'</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">></script>
  <script type='text/javascript'</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> src='dwr/util.js'</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">></script>
  <script type='text/javascript'</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> src='hello.js'</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">></script>
</head>
<body>

<input id="user"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> type="text"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> />
<input type='button'</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> value='哈囉'</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> onclick='hello();'</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> />

<div id="result"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">></div>

</body>
</html>



dwr/interface/Hello.js是由DWRServlet根據dwr.xml中的設定生成的,engine.js負責客戶端伺服端溝通,util.js是一些好用的JavaScript程式,可以讓您少寫很多JavaScript。

hello.js是我們自訂的函式,按下按鈕後,會呼叫當中的hello()函式:
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function hello() {</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
    var user = $('user'</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">).value;
    Hello.hello(user, callback);
}</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">

function callback(msg) {</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
   DWRUtil.setValue('result'</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">, msg);
}</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">


${'user'}取得輸入欄位的DOM物件,value取得當中的欄位值,而後呼叫Hello.hello(),並將value當作參數傳送… 結果是呼叫Server端的Hello Java物件,當結果傳回後,會呼叫JavaScript的callback函式,DWRUtil的setValue()方法會將傳回的msg設定給指定 id的DOM,結果就是…啥!AJAX的功能在哪…就這個而言就是發出非同步請求,而回應不用Refresh頁面啦!  
</wbr><wbr></wbr><wbr>

好啦!這個無聊的Hello DWR可以做啥!…XD

已經可以讓您做個簡單的文字提示功能了…像這個…
http://caterpillar.onlyfun.net/Gossip/index.html</wbr><wbr>

把滑鼠指到書的照片上,會顯示提示文字,這些提示文字本身不是存在網頁上的,而是在Server端,當滑鼠指到書上時,會用Request object去抓,然後顯示在框框中…

當然!我的網站只支援PHP,所以那不是DWR完成的功能,而且我是直接用Request object跟DOM去慢慢刻的…對初學者來說已經有些麻煩了…XD

不過!用DWR就可以很簡單完成這個功能…

先寫個Java類別吧!會抓properties檔案中的文字訊息,例如…
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<wbr>package</wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> onlyfun.caterpillar;

<wbr>import</wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> java.util.ResourceBundle;

<wbr>public</wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> <wbr>class</wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> Book {</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
  <wbr>private</wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> ResourceBundle resource;
  
  <wbr>public</wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> Book() {</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
    resource = ResourceBundle.getBundle("book"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">);
  }</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
        
  <wbr>public</wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> String getDescription(String key) {</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
    <wbr>return</wbr><wbr></wbr></wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> resource.getString(key);
  }</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
}</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">


從程式中就知道,它會去抓book_zh_TW.properties的資料,這不是重點啦!只是Java的一個功能,我們要看的是DWR,不過先把book_zh_TW.properties準備好…
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java=Java 學習筆記的介紹 … BlaBla...
spring=Spring 技術手冊的介紹…BlaBla...
ajax=Ajax in action 中文版的介紹…



唔!裏頭是中文字,自己用native2ascii轉換吧…這也不是重點…我們是要看DWR怎麼做到文字提示功能…

一樣的…要開放這個Book物件,在dwr.xml中…
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<?xml version="1.0"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> encoding="UTF-8"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">?>
<!DOCTYPE dwr PUBLIC "-//GetAhead Limited//DTD Direct Web Remoting 1.0//EN"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
"http://www.getahead.ltd.uk/dwr/dwr10.dtd"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">>

<dwr>
  <allow>
  <create creator="new"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> javascript="Book"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> scope="application"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">>
            <param name="class"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> value="onlyfun.caterpillar.Book"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">/>
        </create>  
  </allow>
</dwr>



scope設定為application,表示這個Book物件在整個應用程式階段都活著。

然後,客戶端寫個網頁…
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> content="text/html; charset=BIG5"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">>
  <script type='text/javascript'</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> src='dwr/interface/Book.js'</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">></script>
  <script type='text/javascript'</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> src='dwr/engine.js'</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">></script>
  <script type='text/javascript'</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> src='dwr/util.js'</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">></script>
  <script type='text/javascript'</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> src='book.js'</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">></script>
<title>個人著/譯作</title>
</head>
<body>

      <div id="ajax"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> onmouseover="getBookData(this);"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
onmouseout="clearData();"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">><a
href="http://www.gotop.com.tw/waweb2004/home/home.aspx?pg=HM010X&bn=AXP011800"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">><small><img
style="border: 0px solid ; width: 80px; height: 110px; float: left;"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
alt="Ajax in action 中文版"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> title="Ajax in action 中文版"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
src="images/ajax_in_action_c.jpg"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> hspace="10"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> vspace="2"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">></small></a></div>

      <div id="spring"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> onmouseover="getBookData(this);"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
onmouseout="clearData();"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">><a
href="http://www.gotop.com.tw/waweb2004/home/home.aspx?pg=HM010X&bn=ACL021000"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">><small><img
style="border: 0px solid ; width: 80px; height: 110px; float: left;"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
alt="Spring 技術手冊"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> title="Spring 技術手冊"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
src="images/SpringTech_S.jpg"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> hspace="10"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> vspace="2"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">></small></a></div>

      <div id="java"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> onmouseover="getBookData(this);"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
onmouseout="clearData();"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">><a
href="http://www.gotop.com.tw/waweb2004/home/home.aspx?pg=HM010X&bn=ACL020931"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">><small><img
style="border: 0px solid ; width: 80px; height: 110px; float: left;"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
alt="Java 學習筆記"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> title="Java 學習筆記"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
src="images/JavaGossip_Cover_Small.jpg"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"> hspace="10"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
vspace="2"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">></small></a></div>

    <br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>

    <div id="info"</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">></div>

</body>
</html>



重點在於onmouseover跟onmouseout,滑鼠移入與移出時會呼叫的函式,還有最下面的info,抓回來的書籍介紹會放到當中…

book.js如下,簡單的很…
1</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
2</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
3</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
4</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
5</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
6</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
7</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
8</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
9</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
10</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
11</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">

function getBookData(ele) {</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
  Book.getDescription(ele.id, setBookData);
}</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">

function setBookData(description) {</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
  DWRUtil.setValue('info'</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">, description);
}</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">

function clearData() {</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">
  DWRUtil.setValue('info'</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">, ''</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">);
}</wbr><wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em">


程式很簡單,我懶得解釋了…XD

看一下畫面好了…這是滑鼠移到 Ajax in action中文版<wbr style="LINE-HEIGHT: 1.3em"></wbr></wbr><wbr> 上的介紹畫面…
</wbr><wbr></wbr><wbr>

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