本文来自http://www.freetutes.com/systemanalysis/sa4-decision-tables.html
A
decision table is a table with various conditions and their corresponding
actions
.
Decision tree
is a two dimensional matrix. It is divided into four parts,
condition stub, action stub, condition entry, and action entry
.
See the first
figure listed below. Condition stub shows the various possible conditions.
Condition Stub
|
Condition Entry
|
|
|
Customer is individual ? |
Y
|
Y
|
.
|
.
|
.
|
.
|
Customer shopkeeper or retailer ? |
.
|
.
|
Y
|
Y
|
Y
|
Y
|
Order-size 85 copies or more ? |
.
|
.
|
Y
|
.
|
.
|
.
|
Order-size 49-84 sarees ? |
.
|
.
|
.
|
Y
|
.
|
.
|
Order-size 13-48 copies ? |
.
|
.
|
.
|
.
|
Y
|
.
|
Order-size 12 or more ? |
.
|
Y
|
.
|
.
|
.
|
.
|
Order-size less than 12? |
Y
|
.
|
.
|
.
|
.
|
Y
|
Allow 50% discount |
.
|
X
|
X
|
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.
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.
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Allow 40% discount |
.
|
.
|
.
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X
|
.
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.
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Allow 30% discount |
X
|
.
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.
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.
|
X
|
.
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Allow 15% discount |
.
|
.
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.
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.
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.
|
X
|
Decision table-Discount Policy
Condition entry is used for specifying which condition is being analyzed. Action
stub shows the various actions taken against different conditions.
And action entry is used to find out which action is taken corresponding to
a particular set of conditions.
The steps to be taken for a certain possible condition are listed by action
statements. Action entries display what specific actions to be undertaken when
selected conditions or combinations of conditions are true. At times notes are
added below the table to indicate when to use the table or to distinguish it from
other decisions tables.
The right side columns of the table link conditions and actions and form the
decision rules hence they state the conditions that must be fulfilled for a particular
set of actions to be taken. In the decision trees, a fixed ordered sequence is
followed in which conditions are examined. But this is not the case here as the
decision rule incorporates all the required conditions, which must be true.
Developing Decision Tables
Before describing the steps involved in building the decision table it is important
to take a note of few important points. Every decision should be given a name
and the logic of the decision table is independent of the sequence in which condition
rules are written but the action takes place in the order in which events occur
.
Wherever possible, duplication of terms and meaning should be avoided and only
the standardized language must be used.
The steps of building the concerned tables are given below.
-
Firstly figure out the most essential factors to be considered
in making a
decision.
This will identify the conditions
involved in the decision. Only those conditions
should be selected which have the potential to either occur or not but partial
occurrences are not permissible.
-
Determine the most possible steps that can take place under varying conditions
and not just under current condition. This step will identify the actions.
-
Calculate all the possible combinations of conditions.
For every N number of conditions there are 2*2*2…. (N times) combinations
to be considered.
-
Fill the decision rules in the table.
Entries in a decision table are filled as Y/N and action entries are generally
marked as "X"
. For the conditions that are immaterial(不重要的,无关紧要的) a hyphen "-"
is generally put. Decision table is further simplified by eliminating and consolidating
certain rules. Impossible rules are eliminated(排除). There are certain conditions whose
values do not affect the decision and always result in the same action. These
rules can be consolidated into(统一放到) a single rule.
Example: Consider the recruitment policy(招聘策略) of ABC Software Ltd.
It the applicant is a BE then recruit otherwise not. If the person is from
Computer Science, put him/her in the software development department and if the
person is from non-computer science background put him/her in HR department. If
the Person is from Computer Science and having experience equal to or greater
than three years, take him/her as Team leader and if the experience is less than
that then take the person as Team member. If the person recruited is from non
Computer Science background, having experience less than three years, make him/her
Management Trainee otherwise Manager.
The first decision table for the problem stated above can be drawn as shown
in the figure below.
This table can further be refined by combining condition entries 2, 4, 6, and
8. The simplified table is displayed in the figure below.
扩展阅读
1.Ruling the Business: About Business Rules and Decision Tables 见br_dt.pdf
2.Building Decision Tables http://it.toolbox.com/blogs/enterprise-solutions/building-decision-tables-15903#4571496
3.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_table
4.Decision Table Creator http://sourceforge.net/projects/decisiontablecr/?_test=b
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