Ruby入门学习之二

    ~_~学习Ruby第二天，主要还是基础知识学习。诸如对象、变量、常量、条件、循环、方法、类、模块等的基本表示。

puts("---------------实例方法-----------")
p "10,20,30,40".split(",")
p [1,2,3,4].index(2)
p 1000.integer?
p /Ruby/ =~ "dsdRuby"
name = ["1","2","3"]
p name[0]
p 1 + 2
puts("---------------类方法-----------")
p Time.new
p Array.new
p Array["a","b","c"]
puts("---------------函数性方法-----------")
p Math.sin(100)
p sleep(1)
print "d\n"
puts("---------------定义方法-----------")
def hello(a,b)
  a + b
end
p hello(1,2)

def hello(a,b=3)       #可以在方法的定义中加入预设值
  a + b
end
p hello(1,5)
def max(a,b)
  if a > b
    print(a,">",b,"\n")
  elsif a == b
    print(a,"=",b,"\n")
  else 
    print(a,"<",b,"\n")
  end
end
max(1,1)
max(1,2)
max(2,1)

 

puts("---------------if &&和||-----------")
x = 5
if x > 6 && ((y = x) < 10)# && 的用法
  print(y,"&&\n")
end
if x > 6 || ((y = x) < 10)
  print(y,"||\n")
end

a = 1
b = 2
if a == b
  print "a=b\n"
elsif a > b
  print "a>b\n"
else 
  print "a<b\n"
end

print x,"\n" if x > 3

puts("---------------unless-----------")
unless a == b
  puts "a!=b"
else
  puts "a=b"
end
puts("---------------case-----------")
tags = ["P","A","I","IMG"]
tags.each{|tag|
  case tag
  when "C","A","B"   #when允许有多个值匹配
    print tag," has child\n"
  when "I","IMG"
    print tag," has no child\n"
  else
    print tag," can not be used\n"
  end
}

array = ["1",1,nil]
array.each{|a|
  case a 
  when Numeric
    print a," is a number\n"
  when String
    print a," is a String\n"
  else 
    print a," is a something\n"
  end
}

while line = gets
  case line
  when /ruby/i
    print(line," find ruby\n")
  when /bub/i
    print(line," find bub\n")
  else
  end
end

puts("---------------===-----------")
=begin 
===用法，可以理解为属于
=end
p (1..3) === 4
p /zz/ === "sszzy"
p String === "2"
p Numeric === 2

 

puts("---------------times-----------")
5.times{|i|
  print("第",i+1,"个ruby\n")
}
puts("---------------for-----------")
for i in 1..5
  print("第",i,"个ruby\n")
end

for name in ["1","2","3","4","5"]
  print("第",name,"个ruby\n")
end
puts("---------------while-----------")
sum = 5
while sum > 0
  print("第",6-sum,"个ruby\n")
  sum -= 1
end
puts("---------------until-----------")
sum = 5
until sum <= 0
  print("第",6-sum,"个ruby\n")
  sum -= 1
end
puts("---------------each-----------")
(1..5).each{|i|
  print("第",i,"个ruby\n")
}
puts("---------------loop-----------")
=begin
loop{
  print("ruby\n")#loop一直执行
}
=end
puts("---------------break next redo-----------")
i = 0
["phthon","ruby","perl"].each{|name|
  i += 1
  if i == 2
    break  #立刻停止循环
  end
  print(i,name,"\n")
}

i = 0
["phthon","ruby","perl"].each{|name|
  i += 1
  if i == 2
    next  #跳到下次循环
  end
  print(i,name,"\n")
}

i = 0
["phthon","ruby","perl"].each{|name|
  i += 1
  if i == 2
    redo  #重新进行本次循环
  end
  print(i,name,"\n")
}

 

puts("-----------------------class--------------------")
ary = Array.new
p ary                 #=>[]
p ary.class           #=>Array
str = "dsds"
p str.class           #=>String

p str.instance_of?(String)  #=>true
p str.instance_of?(Array)   #=>false
p str.is_a?(String)         #=>true
p str.is_a?(Object)         #=>true
puts("-----------------------自定义class--------------------")
class HelloWorld
  Version = 1.0				#常量
  @@count = 0				#类变量
  attr_accessor :name			#相当于java中的getter与setter方法
  def initialize(name = "Ruby")		#初始化方法，相当于构造方法
    @name = name
    @@count += 1
    print @@count," 初始化方法\n"
  end

  def HelloWorld.hi(name)
    print name," 类方法\n"
  end
  def hello
    print @name," 实例方法\n"
  end

end
bob = HelloWorld.new("Bob")
jim = HelloWorld.new("Jim")
bob.hello
jim.hello
puts bob.name
bob.name = "Lucy"
puts bob.name
HelloWorld.hi("Ruby")
puts HelloWorld::Version

class String				#扩充类
  def count_word
    ary = self.split(/\s+/)
    return ary.size
  end
end
p "This is a big mistake".count_word

class RingArray < Array			#继承类
  def [](i)
    super(i % size)
  end
end
str = RingArray["0","1","2","3","4","5"]
p str[6]
p str[-1]
p str[3]

class AccTest
  def pub
    puts "pub方法"
  end
  public :pub
  def pri
    puts "pri方法"
  end
  private :pri

end
ac = AccTest.new
p ac.pub
#p ac.pri				#错误

class Point				#protected
  attr_accessor :x , :y
  protected :x= , :y=
  def initialize(x = 0.0 , y = 0.0)
    @x = x
    @y = y
  end
  def swap(other)
    xtemp = @x
    ytemp = @y
    @x = other.x
    @y = other.y
    other.x = xtemp
    other.y = ytemp
    self
  end
end

p0 = Point.new
p1 = Point.new(1,1)
p p0
p p1
p0.swap(p1)
p p0
p p1

 

puts("-----------------------module--------------------")
p Math::PI
module HelloModule
  Version = 1.0
  def hello(name)
    puts name
  end
  module_function :hello
end
p HelloModule::Version
HelloModule.hello("d")
include HelloModule
hello(1)
p Version

    以上为今天写的一些很基础很基础的东西，其实需要注意的细节有很多。主要还是先过一遍，到需要用到的时候再翻书也不迟。:)