学习sharding-jdbc（一）分库分表扩展框架

前一段时间研究阿里的分库框架cobar-client，cobar-client是基于ibatis的SqlMapClientTemplate进行了一层薄薄的封装，分装成CobarSqlMapClientTemplate，在用户在CRUD的时候可以透明的进行操作，算是现在大多公司分库的一个成熟解决方案，不过现在面临的一些问题：

   ①不支持分表

   ②基于ibatis而且2013年后基本维护了，没有进行升级，所以大多公司都基于该思想进行了自己的重写

 

来看下当当开源的sharding-jdbc，官方网址：https://github.com/dangdangdotcom/sharding-jdbc

 

先允许我盗一波图：

 

 

好了，看了这么多的介绍，感觉还是很高大上的，注意点有：

①对JDBC API进行了原生态的分装，这是与cobar-client不一样的地方，这就是他可以支持多个第三方ORM框架的关键

②可支持=，BETWEEN，IN等操作，说明，JDBC返回结果后，sharding进行了合并操作，这里面肯定会有性能损耗

③支持分表，这也是cobar-client不支持的地方

 

好了，先简单的按照官方网址的demo实践一发：

 

先在MySQL中建2个库

分别在这2个库中运行：

 

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `t_order_0` (
  `order_id` INT NOT NULL,
  `user_id`  INT NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`order_id`)
);
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `t_order_item_0` (
  `item_id`  INT NOT NULL,
  `order_id` INT NOT NULL,
  `user_id`  INT NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`item_id`)
);
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `t_order_1` (
  `order_id` INT NOT NULL,
  `user_id`  INT NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`order_id`)
);
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `t_order_item_1` (
  `item_id`  INT NOT NULL,
  `order_id` INT NOT NULL,
  `user_id`  INT NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`item_id`)
);

 

新建maven项目

 

Maven依赖的pom.xml

 

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.study</groupId>
    <artifactId>sharding-jdbc</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>sharding-jdbc</name>
    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <spring.version>3.2.5.RELEASE</spring.version>
        <mybatis.version>3.2.4</mybatis.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.10</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.dangdang</groupId>
            <artifactId>sharding-jdbc-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
            <version>1.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>${mybatis.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.28</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.16</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.5</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

ShardingJdbc

package com.study.base;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource;

import com.dangdang.ddframe.rdb.sharding.api.ShardingDataSource;
import com.dangdang.ddframe.rdb.sharding.api.rule.BindingTableRule;
import com.dangdang.ddframe.rdb.sharding.api.rule.DataSourceRule;
import com.dangdang.ddframe.rdb.sharding.api.rule.ShardingRule;
import com.dangdang.ddframe.rdb.sharding.api.rule.TableRule;
import com.dangdang.ddframe.rdb.sharding.api.strategy.database.DatabaseShardingStrategy;
import com.dangdang.ddframe.rdb.sharding.api.strategy.table.TableShardingStrategy;

public class ShardingJdbc {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {

        //数据源
        Map<String, DataSource> dataSourceMap = new HashMap<>(2);
        dataSourceMap.put("sharding_0", createDataSource("sharding_0"));
        dataSourceMap.put("sharding_1", createDataSource("sharding_1"));

        DataSourceRule dataSourceRule = new DataSourceRule(dataSourceMap);

        //分表分库的表，第一个参数是逻辑表名，第二个是实际表名，第三个是实际库
        TableRule orderTableRule = new TableRule("t_order", Arrays.asList("t_order_0", "t_order_1"), dataSourceRule);
        TableRule orderItemTableRule = new TableRule("t_order_item", Arrays.asList("t_order_item_0", "t_order_item_1"), dataSourceRule);



        /**
         * DatabaseShardingStrategy 分库策略
         * 参数一：根据哪个字段分库
         * 参数二：分库路由函数
         * TableShardingStrategy 分表策略
         * 参数一：根据哪个字段分表
         * 参数二：分表路由函数
         *
         */
        ShardingRule shardingRule = new ShardingRule(dataSourceRule, Arrays.asList(orderTableRule, orderItemTableRule),
                Arrays.asList(new BindingTableRule(Arrays.asList(orderTableRule, orderItemTableRule))),
                new DatabaseShardingStrategy("user_id", new ModuloDatabaseShardingAlgorithm()),
                new TableShardingStrategy("order_id", new ModuloTableShardingAlgorithm()));


        DataSource dataSource = new ShardingDataSource(shardingRule);
        String sql = "SELECT i.* FROM t_order o JOIN t_order_item i ON o.order_id=i.order_id WHERE o.user_id=? AND o.order_id=?";
        try (
                Connection conn = dataSource.getConnection();
                PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql)) {
                pstmt.setInt(1, 10);
                pstmt.setInt(2, 1001);
            try (ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery()) {
                while(rs.next()) {
                    System.out.println(rs.getInt(1));
                    System.out.println(rs.getInt(2));
                    System.out.println(rs.getInt(3));
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 创建数据源
     * @param dataSourceName
     * @return
     */
    private static DataSource createDataSource(String dataSourceName) {
        BasicDataSource result = new BasicDataSource();
        result.setDriverClassName(com.mysql.jdbc.Driver.class.getName());
        result.setUrl(String.format("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/%s", dataSourceName));
        result.setUsername("root");
        result.setPassword("");
        return result;
    }

}

ModuloDatabaseShardingAlgorithm

package com.study.base;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;

import com.dangdang.ddframe.rdb.sharding.api.ShardingValue;
import com.dangdang.ddframe.rdb.sharding.api.strategy.database.SingleKeyDatabaseShardingAlgorithm;
import com.google.common.collect.Range;

/**
 *
 * @author lyncc
 *
 */
public class ModuloDatabaseShardingAlgorithm implements SingleKeyDatabaseShardingAlgorithm<Integer>{

    @Override
    public String doEqualSharding(Collection<String> availableTargetNames, ShardingValue<Integer> shardingValue) {
        for (String each : availableTargetNames) {
            if (each.endsWith(shardingValue.getValue() % 2 + "")) {
                return each;
            }
        }
        throw new IllegalArgumentException();
    }

    @Override
    public Collection<String> doInSharding(Collection<String> availableTargetNames, ShardingValue<Integer> shardingValue) {
        Collection<String> result = new LinkedHashSet<>(availableTargetNames.size());
        for (Integer value : shardingValue.getValues()) {
            for (String tableName : availableTargetNames) {
                if (tableName.endsWith(value % 2 + "")) {
                    result.add(tableName);
                }
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    @Override
    public Collection<String> doBetweenSharding(Collection<String> availableTargetNames,
            ShardingValue<Integer> shardingValue) {
        Collection<String> result = new LinkedHashSet<>(availableTargetNames.size());
        Range<Integer> range = (Range<Integer>) shardingValue.getValueRange();
        for (Integer i = range.lowerEndpoint(); i <= range.upperEndpoint(); i++) {
            for (String each : availableTargetNames) {
                if (each.endsWith(i % 2 + "")) {
                    result.add(each);
                }
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

}

ModuloTableShardingAlgorithm.java

 

 

package com.study.base;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;

import com.dangdang.ddframe.rdb.sharding.api.ShardingValue;
import com.dangdang.ddframe.rdb.sharding.api.strategy.table.SingleKeyTableShardingAlgorithm;
import com.google.common.collect.Range;

public final class ModuloTableShardingAlgorithm implements SingleKeyTableShardingAlgorithm<Integer> {

    /**
    *  select * from t_order from t_order where order_id = 11
    *          └── SELECT *  FROM t_order_1 WHERE order_id = 11
    *  select * from t_order from t_order where order_id = 44
    *          └── SELECT *  FROM t_order_0 WHERE order_id = 44
    */
    public String doEqualSharding(final Collection<String> tableNames, final ShardingValue<Integer> shardingValue) {
        for (String each : tableNames) {
            if (each.endsWith(shardingValue.getValue() % 2 + "")) {
                return each;
            }
        }
        throw new IllegalArgumentException();
    }

    /**
    *  select * from t_order from t_order where order_id in (11,44)
    *          ├── SELECT *  FROM t_order_0 WHERE order_id IN (11,44)
    *          └── SELECT *  FROM t_order_1 WHERE order_id IN (11,44)
    *  select * from t_order from t_order where order_id in (11,13,15)
    *          └── SELECT *  FROM t_order_1 WHERE order_id IN (11,13,15)
    *  select * from t_order from t_order where order_id in (22,24,26)
    *          └──SELECT *  FROM t_order_0 WHERE order_id IN (22,24,26)
    */
    public Collection<String> doInSharding(final Collection<String> tableNames, final ShardingValue<Integer> shardingValue) {
        Collection<String> result = new LinkedHashSet<>(tableNames.size());
        for (Integer value : shardingValue.getValues()) {
            for (String tableName : tableNames) {
                if (tableName.endsWith(value % 2 + "")) {
                    result.add(tableName);
                }
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
    *  select * from t_order from t_order where order_id between 10 and 20
    *          ├── SELECT *  FROM t_order_0 WHERE order_id BETWEEN 10 AND 20
    *          └── SELECT *  FROM t_order_1 WHERE order_id BETWEEN 10 AND 20
    */
    public Collection<String> doBetweenSharding(final Collection<String> tableNames, final ShardingValue<Integer> shardingValue) {
        Collection<String> result = new LinkedHashSet<>(tableNames.size());
        Range<Integer> range = (Range<Integer>) shardingValue.getValueRange();
        for (Integer i = range.lowerEndpoint(); i <= range.upperEndpoint(); i++) {
            for (String each : tableNames) {
                if (each.endsWith(i % 2 + "")) {
                    result.add(each);
                }
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
}

log4j.xml

 

 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE log4j:configuration PUBLIC "-//APACHE//DTD LOG4J 1.2//EN" "log4j.dtd">
<log4j:configuration xmlns:log4j="http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/">
  <!-- [控制台STDOUT] -->
  <appender name="console" class="org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender">
     <param name="encoding" value="GBK" />
     <param name="target" value="System.out" />
     <layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
       <param name="ConversionPattern" value="%-5p %c{2} - %m%n" />
     </layout>
  </appender>

  <!-- [公共Appender] -->
  <appender name="DEFAULT-APPENDER" class="org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender">
     <param name="File" value="${webapp.root}/logs/common-default.log" />
     <param name="Append" value="true" />
     <param name="encoding" value="GBK" />
     <param name="DatePattern" value="'.'yyyy-MM-dd'.log'" />
     <layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
    <param name="ConversionPattern" value="%d %-5p %c{2} - %m%n" />
     </layout>
   </appender>

   <!-- [错误日志APPENDER] -->
   <appender name="ERROR-APPENDER" class="org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender">
     <param name="File" value="${webapp.root}/logs/common-error.log" />
     <param name="Append" value="true" />
     <param name="encoding" value="GBK" />
     <param name="threshold" value="error" />
     <param name="DatePattern" value="'.'yyyy-MM-dd'.log'" />
     <layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
        <param name="ConversionPattern" value="%d %-5p %c{2} - %m%n" />
     </layout>
   </appender>

   <!-- [组件日志APPENDER] -->
   <appender name="COMPONENT-APPENDER"
class="org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender">
     <param name="File" value="${webapp.root}/logs/logistics-component.log" />
     <param name="Append" value="true" />
     <param name="encoding" value="GBK" />
     <param name="DatePattern" value="'.'yyyy-MM-dd'.log'" />
     <layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
    <param name="ConversionPattern" value="%d %-5p %c{2} - %m%n" />
     </layout>
   </appender>

   <!-- [组件日志] -->
   <logger name="LOGISTICS-COMPONENT">
      <level value="${loggingLevel}" />
      <appender-ref ref="COMPONENT-APPENDER" />
      <appender-ref ref="ERROR-APPENDER" />
   </logger>

   <!-- Root Logger -->
   <root>
       <level value="${rootLevel}"></level>
       <appender-ref ref="DEFAULT-APPENDER" />
       <appender-ref ref="ERROR-APPENDER" />
       <appender-ref ref="console" />
       <appender-ref ref="COMPONENT-APPENDER" />
   </root>
</log4j:configuration>

好了，按照官方教程说明：

 

我们现在user_id是10，order_id是1001

我们应该在sharding0库中的t_order_1和t_order_item_1中新建数据：

 

INSERT INTO `t_order_1` VALUES ('1001', '10');

INSERT INTO `t_order_item_1` VALUES ('4', '1001', '2');

好了，准备工作做完了，我们运行main函数，运行结果为：

 

好了，sharding-jdbc正常工作了