SVN安装和使用(新一代的CVS)

SVN安装和使用

SVN的安装

访问SVN网站下载你所需版本的安装包。以Linux为例，安装过程为依次执行以下步骤：

rpm -ivh apr-0.9.5-0.2.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh apr-util-0.9.5-0.1.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh neon-0.24.7-1.i386.rpm

rpm -ivh subversion-1.1.1-1.rh80.i386.rpm

 

SVN安装包的基本命令

svn	The command-line client program.
svnversion	A program for reporting the state (in terms of revisions of the items present) of a working copy.
svnlook	A tool for inspecting a Subversion repository.
svnadmin	A tool for creating, tweaking or repairing a Subversion repository.
svndumpfilter	A program for filtering Subversion repository dumpfile format streams.
mod_dav_svn	A plug-in module for the Apache HTTP Server, used to make your repository available to others over a network.
svnserve	A custom standalone server program, runnable as a daemon process or invokable by SSH; another way to make your repository available to others over a network.

 

配置本地访问的SVN

执行svn --version，你将看到如下画面

[root@localhost local]# svn --version
* ra_dav : Module for accessing a repository via WebDAV (DeltaV) protocol.
* ra_local : Module for accessing a repository on local disk.
* ra_svn : Module for accessing a repository using the svn network protocol.

如果你有ra_local这个模块，那么客户端就可以用file:// URLs的地址来访问。

执行一下命令

$ svnadmin create /root/svnrepo
$ ls /root/svnrepo
conf/ dav/ db/ format hooks/ locks/ README.txt

接下来，我们建立一个本地工作目录/root/svnlocal，进入执行

//建立项目
[root@localhost svnlocal]# mkdir project 
[root@localhost svnlocal]# mkdir project/trunk
[root@localhost svnlocal]# mkdir project/branches
[root@localhost svnlocal]# mkdir project/tags
//建立一个模块exo
[root@localhost svnlocal]# mkdir project/exo
[root@localhost svnlocal]# vi project/exo/exo.conf

[root@localhost svnlocal]# svn import . file:///root/svnrepo -m 'initial'

[root@localhost svnlocal]# rm -rf project

[root@localhost svnlocal]# svn checkout file://localhost/root/svnrepo/project //check整个项目

[root@localhost svnlocal]# svn checkout file://localhost/root/svnrepo/project exo //check 其中一个模块

如果成功可以看到文件已经被check出来。地址可以使用file://localhost/root/svnrepo 或者使用file:///root/svnrepo

其他的命令有

• Enter your working copy and edit a file's contents.
• Run svn diff to see unified diff output of your changes.
• Run svn commit to commit the new version of your file to the repository.
• Run svn update to bring your working copy “up-to-date” with the repository.

 

SVN的访问地址

Schema Access Method

file:///	direct repository access (on local disk)
http://	access via WebDAV protocol to Subversion-aware Apache server
https://	same as http://, but with SSL encryption.
svn://	access via custom protocol to an svnserve server
svn+ssh://	same as svn://, but through an SSH tunnel.

 

启动SVN的svnserve，这样你就可以通过svn://url的方式来访问。

查看启动参数

[root@localhost svnlocal]# svnserve --help
Usage: svnserve [options]

Valid options:
  -d [--daemon]            : daemon mode
  --listen-port arg        : listen port (for daemon mode)
  --listen-host arg        : listen hostname or IP address (for daemon mode)
  --foreground             : run in foreground (useful for debugging)
  -h [--help]              : display this help
  --version                : display version
  -i [--inetd]             : inetd mode
  -r [--root] arg          : root of directory to serve
  -R [--read-only]         : deprecated; use repository config file
  -t [--tunnel]            : tunnel mode
  --tunnel-user arg        : tunnel username (default is current uid's name)
  -T [--threads]           : use threads instead of fork
  -X [--listen-once]       : listen once (useful for debugging)

我们执行svnserve -d -r /root/svnrepo

然后在刚才的svnlocal目录下，执行

[root@localhost svnlocal]# svn checkout svn://localhost/project exo

就可以通过网络协议check出指定的repo或者其中的模块

注意：如果我们启动时候，只是用svnserve -d而没有制定repo路径的话，那么你在checkout的时候就必须使用是svn checkout svn://localhost/root/svnrepo/project exo 来指明全路径。

接下来，我们随便修改一个文件，然后执行

[root@localhost exo-build]# svn commit -m "test"

你会发现提示说：“提交失败，svn: Connection is read-only” 这说明svn://访问方式没有用户权限控制，只能最基本的匿名下载使用。

 

权限配置

先介绍svnserve使用的基于文件的权限控制

进入/root/svnrepo/conf/ 打开svnserve.conf，修改一下两行

[general]
anon-access = none
auth-access = write
 
password-db = passwd

注意：所有的行都必须顶格，否则报错。

在相同目录下建立一个passwd文件，使用vi passwd命令。在里面输入

[users]
danny = danny
bobo = bobo

重新启动svnserve，svnserve -d -r /root/svnrepo/ 。

好，接下来，我们执行

[root@localhost svnlocal]# svn checkout svn://localhost/project exo

根据提示依次输入"root"的密码（任意），用户登陆名名（danny_xcz）和密码(pass)。就可以正常chekout需要的目录了。登陆一次以后再执行svn update等命令时无需再次输入认证密码。