Tomcat 7遇到StackOverflowError的异常的解决办法

之前使用tomcat7时遇到启动报错问题，日志如下： 

严重: A child container failed during start

java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/admin]]

at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(FutureTask.java:122)

at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:192)

at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:1123)

at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:800)

at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)

at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1559)

at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1549)

at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)

at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)

at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)

at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/admin]]

at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:154)

... 6 more

Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Unable to complete the scan for annotations for web application [/admin] due to a StackOverflowError. Possible root causes include a too low setting for -Xss and illegal cyclic inheritance dependencies. The class hierarchy being processed was [org.bouncycastle.asn1.ASN1EncodableVector->org.bouncycastle.asn1.DEREncodableVector->org.bouncycastle.asn1.ASN1EncodableVector]

at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.checkHandlesTypes(ContextConfig.java:2188)

at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsStream(ContextConfig.java:2135)

at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsJar(ContextConfig.java:2010)

at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsUrl(ContextConfig.java:1976)

at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotations(ContextConfig.java:1961)

at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.webConfig(ContextConfig.java:1319)

at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.configureStart(ContextConfig.java:878)

at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.lifecycleEvent(ContextConfig.java:376)

at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:119)

at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:90)

at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5322)

at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)

... 

此处问题已经很明确，是第三方包的API有问题。

从以下方面检查错误：

1. 栈内存不足，修改tomcat启动参数，增加栈内存， 如：-Xss100m。排除

2. 在你的应用中告诉tomcat不要扫描annotations.头中增加 metadata-complete="true" 。排除

3. 限制tomcat扫描jar 文件，参考：http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/config/jar-scanner.html

4.这个可能是第三方api的一个bug.可以到其官网下载最新版本看看是否修复。 问题所在

解决：因<dependency>

<groupId>com.squareup.okhttp</groupId>

<artifactId>mockwebserver</artifactId>

<version>1.5.4</version>

<scope>test</scope>

</dependency> 

maven的二次依赖引入Bouncy Castlejava包，因再试未用测试将取消其注入。如需使用可以重新寻找新的版本看是否解决。或者运用不扫描其jar包

 

---------------------------以下文章为转载是一些其他的关于StackOverflowError---------------------------------------- 

严重: ContainerBase.addChild: start: 
org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/mypro]] 
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:154) 
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:901) 
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:877) 
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:633) 
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:1114) 
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployDirectory.run(HostConfig.java:1673) 
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:441) 
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:303) 
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:138) 
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.runTask(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:886) 
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:908) 
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:619) 
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Unable to complete the scan for annotations for web application [/mypro]. Possible root causes include a too low setting for -Xss and illegal cyclic inheritance dependencies 
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsStream(ContextConfig.java:2109) 
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsJar(ContextConfig.java:1981) 
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsUrl(ContextConfig.java:1947) 
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotations(ContextConfig.java:1932) 
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.webConfig(ContextConfig.java:1326) 
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.configureStart(ContextConfig.java:878) 
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.lifecycleEvent(ContextConfig.java:369) 
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:119) 
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:90) 
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5179) 
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150) 
... 11 more 
Caused by: java.lang.StackOverflowError 
at java.util.HashMap.get(HashMap.java:300) 
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.populateSCIsForCacheEntry(ContextConfig.java:2257) 
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.populateSCIsForCacheEntry(ContextConfig.java:2269) 
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.populateSCIsForCacheEntry(ContextConfig.java:2269) 
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.populateSCIsForCacheEntry(ContextConfig.java:2269) 
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.populateSCIsForCacheEntry(ContextConfig.java:2269) 
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.populateSCIsForCacheEntry(ContextConfig.java:2269) 
使用tomcat 7.0.3x版本的同学可以发现tomcat启动慢了不少，而且还可能遇到如下启动时异常： 

Unable to complete the scan for annotations for web application [] due to a StackOverflowError. Possible root causes include a too low setting for -Xss and illegal cyclic inheritance dependencies. 

tomcat7.0.3X版本支持servlet3.0的特性，比如说支持@WebServlet、@WebListener，要支持这些特性，tomcat就得去扫描所有的jar包里面的每个类。这个异常表明在扫描jar包的时候，递归调用太深，导致栈溢出了，tomcat给了一个馊主意，让你增大xss，这个还是不好，xss加大了，可用线程数就少了。 

分析tomcat源代码，发现它扫描的流程如下： 

1.扫描所有jar包 

2.通过查找jar包中META-INF/services/javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer文件内的定义，初始化ServletContainerInitializer实现 

3.如果web.xml中配置了metadata-complete="true" 或者没有找到ServletContainerInitializer实现，都不会继续扫描jar包 

网上大多数的答案的都是说在web.xml中加入了metadata-complete="true"就能避免这个异常。确实在很多场景下，这个异常是能够避免。但是使用spring-web-3.1.0.RELEASE的同学就杯具了，这个jar包中定义了一个ServletContainerInitializer，还是导致了扫描jar包。 

我们可以用另外的办法来解决这个问题，我们让tomcat不扫描指定的jar包，tomcat就要轻松得多了，org.apache.tomcat.util.scan.StandardJarScanner中定义了defaultJarsToSkip，有了这个东东，我们就可以跳过某些jar包。 

如果你不想使用servlet3.0 annotation支持，在tomcat的catalina.properties配置文件中tomcat.util.scan.DefaultJarScanner.jarsToSkip的值后面加一个",*"，这样就不会扫描所有的jar包了。启动更快，也不会出异常。 


tomcat在处理扫描是还有个小bug，比如我遇到了 

SEVERE: Unable to process Jar entry [__MACOSX/cn/****/._HandlerFactory.class] from... 

这是tomcat在扫描到以.class为后缀的文件后，就分析类，很明显，此文件都不是java类文件。tomcat不应该只判断后缀为.class就是java类文件。