Windows Win32编程 - 窗口

窗口

通常，我们理解的窗口是如下这样的窗口。我们经常所看到的这种窗口只是一个标准窗口。除了这种标准窗口，还有好几种或者说好多其他类型的窗口。

标准窗口

Pop-Up窗口

 

对话框

对话框也是一种窗口。

 

桌面窗口

也就是我们常说的桌面，Desktop或者DesktopWindow，这也是一种窗口。

 

 

桌面窗口

 

 

窗口类

Windows下的窗口有个窗口类。Windows下的窗口类包括系统类，应用程序全局类以及应用程序本地类三类。系统类是Windows提供的可以直接使用，不需要注册的窗口类。应用程序全局类以及应用程序本地类是需要调用RegisterClass函数进行注册。

 

要实现一个窗口，需要注册一个窗口类。刚开始编写Windows的窗口界面时，如果不了解Windows下的窗口注册，想要实现一个通常意义下的窗口，上面的标准窗口，这个工作还有点麻烦，因为需要自己注册一个窗口类，Windows的系统窗口类并没有这样的窗口类，到是有个对话框窗口，窗口类为#32770，可以直接使用，不过这毕竟还是跟普通的标准窗口还是有些不同。

写道

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/winmsg/about-window-classes?redirectedfrom=MSDN

注册窗口类

 

创建窗口

调用CreateWindow或者CreateWindowEx函数创建窗口。

 

CreateWindow

HWND CreateWindow( 
  LPCTSTR lpClassName, 
  LPCTSTR lpWindowName, 
  DWORD dwStyle, 
  int x, 
  int y, 
  int nWidth, 
  int nHeight, 
  HWND hWndParent, 
  HMENU hMenu, 
  HANDLE hInstance, 
  PVOID lpParam 
);

CreateWindowEx

HWND CreateWindowEx(
  DWORD dwExStyle, 
  LPCTSTR lpClassName, 
  LPCTSTR lpWindowName, 
  DWORD dwStyle, 
  int x, a
  int y, 
  int nWidth, 
  int nHeight, 
  HWND hWndParent, 
  HMENU hMenu, 
  HINSTANCE hInstance, 
  LPVOID lpParam 
);

这两个函数都返回一个窗口句柄。

 

窗口句柄

句柄在Win32 API中是一个很重要的概念。后续所有和窗口相关的操作都需要这个窗口句柄。

 

除了窗口句柄（HWND），还有HMODULE、HINSTANCE等。

 

窗口事件处理

 

窗口处理函数

函数原型

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(
  HWND hwnd, 
  UINT uMsg, 
  WPARAM wParam, 
  LPARAM lParam 
);

 

父窗口

子窗口

 

窗口拥有者

 

窗口被拥有者

 

标准窗口

#include <stdio.h>
#include <windows.h>

#include "window.h"

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
  PAINTSTRUCT ps;
  HDC hDC;

  switch (uMsg) 
  {
    case WM_CREATE:
    {
      printf("[WM_CREATE] \n");
      break;
    }
    case WM_COMMAND:
      printf("[WM_COMMAND] \n");
      break;
    case WM_PAINT:
    {
      printf("[WM_PAINT] \n");
      hDC = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);

      EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
      break;
    }
    case WM_DESTROY:
      printf("[WM_DESTROY] \n");
      PostQuitMessage(0);
      printf("Goodbye!.\n");
      break;
    default:
      return DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
  }
  return 0;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  HMODULE hModule;

  LPCTSTR hWndCls;
  HWND hWnd;

  int nCmdShow  = SW_SHOW;

  MSG msg;

  hModule = GetModuleHandle(NULL);
  if (hModule == NULL)
  {
    DWORD error = GetLastError();
    printf("GetModuleHandle err=%d\n", error);
    return -1;
  }

  hWndCls = register_window_class(hModule, WindowProc);
  
  hWnd = CreateWindow(hWndCls, TEXT("主窗口"), 0 /* styles */, 0, 0, 500, 500, NULL, NULL, hModule, NULL);
  if (! hWnd)
  {
    DWORD error = GetLastError();
    printf("CreateWindow err=%d\n", error);
    return -1;
  }

  ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);

  UpdateWindow(hWnd);

  while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) 
  {
    TranslateMessage(&msg);
    DispatchMessage(&msg);
  }

  printf("exit.\n");
  return 0;
}

  

如果需要实现一个无标题栏、无边框的窗口，使用Pop-Up窗口是最简单的实现方式。当然，通过上面的标准窗口，也可以实现。

 

透明窗口

 

Pop-Up窗口 

无标题栏

#include <stdio.h>
#include <windows.h>

#include "window.h"

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
  PAINTSTRUCT ps;
  HDC hDC;

  switch (uMsg) 
  {
    case WM_CREATE:
    {
      printf("[WM_CREATE] \n");
      break;
    }
    case WM_COMMAND:
      printf("[WM_COMMAND] \n");
      break;
    case WM_PAINT:
    {
      printf("[WM_PAINT] \n");
      hDC = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);

      EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
      break;
    }
    case WM_DESTROY:
      printf("[WM_DESTROY] \n");
      PostQuitMessage(0);
      printf("Goodbye!.\n");
      break;
    default:
      return DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
  }
  return 0;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  HMODULE hModule;

  LPCTSTR hWndCls;
  HWND hWnd;
  LONG_PTR style;

  int nCmdShow  = SW_SHOW;

  MSG msg;

  hModule = GetModuleHandle(NULL);
  if (hModule == NULL)
  {
    DWORD error = GetLastError();
    printf("GetModuleHandle err=%d\n", error);
    return -1;
  }

  hWndCls = register_window_class(hModule, WindowProc);
  
  hWnd = CreateWindow(hWndCls, TEXT("主窗口"), WS_VISIBLE | WS_POPUP | WS_THICKFRAME /* styles */, 0, 0, 500, 500, NULL, NULL, hModule, NULL);
  if (! hWnd)
  {
    DWORD error = GetLastError();
    printf("CreateWindow err=%d\n", error);
    return -1;
  }
  ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);

  UpdateWindow(hWnd);

  while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) 
  {
    TranslateMessage(&msg);
    DispatchMessage(&msg);
  }

  printf("exit.\n");
  return 0;
}

 无标题栏无边框

#include <stdio.h>
#include <windows.h>

#include "window.h"

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
  PAINTSTRUCT ps;
  HDC hDC;

  switch (uMsg) 
  {
    case WM_CREATE:
    {
      printf("[WM_CREATE] \n");
      break;
    }
    case WM_COMMAND:
      printf("[WM_COMMAND] \n");
      break;
    case WM_PAINT:
    {
      printf("[WM_PAINT] \n");
      hDC = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);

      EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
      break;
    }
    case WM_DESTROY:
      printf("[WM_DESTROY] \n");
      PostQuitMessage(0);
      printf("Goodbye!.\n");
      break;
    default:
      return DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
  }
  return 0;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  HMODULE hModule;

  LPCTSTR hWndCls;
  HWND hWnd;
  LONG_PTR style;

  int nCmdShow  = SW_SHOW;

  MSG msg;

  hModule = GetModuleHandle(NULL);
  if (hModule == NULL)
  {
    DWORD error = GetLastError();
    printf("GetModuleHandle err=%d\n", error);
    return -1;
  }

  hWndCls = register_window_class(hModule, WindowProc);
  
  hWnd = CreateWindow(hWndCls, TEXT("主窗口"), WS_VISIBLE | WS_POPUP/* styles */, 0, 0, 500, 500, NULL, NULL, hModule, NULL);
  if (! hWnd)
  {
    DWORD error = GetLastError();
    printf("CreateWindow err=%d\n", error);
    return -1;
  }
  ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);

  UpdateWindow(hWnd);

  while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) 
  {
    TranslateMessage(&msg);
    DispatchMessage(&msg);
  }

  printf("exit.\n");
  return 0;
}

 

 

对话框

#include<windows.h>

#pragma comment(lib, "User32.lib")

int WINAPI wWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, 
                    HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, 
                    PWSTR pCmdLine, 
                    int nCmdShow)
{
  char *wc_name = "#32770";
  HWND hwnd;

  HACCEL hAccelTable;
  MSG msg;

  hwnd = CreateWindowEx(
    0,                                  // Optional window styles.
    TEXT(wc_name),                      // Window class
    TEXT("Dialog"),                     // Window text
    WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,                // Window style

                                        // Size and position
    CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,

    NULL,                               // Parent window    
    NULL,                               // Menu
    hInstance,                          // Instance handle
    NULL                                // Additional application data
  );

  if (hwnd == NULL)
  {
    return GetLastError();
  }

  ShowWindow(hwnd, nCmdShow);
  UpdateWindow(hwnd);

  hAccelTable = LoadAccelerators(hInstance, TEXT(wc_name));
  while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) 
  {
    if (! TranslateAccelerator(msg.hwnd, hAccelTable, &msg)) 
    {
      TranslateMessage(&msg);
      DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }
  }

  return 0;
}

对话框窗口事件处理

#include<stdio.h>
#include<windows.h>

#pragma comment(lib, "User32.lib")

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(
  HWND   hwnd,
  UINT   uMsg,
  WPARAM wParam,
  LPARAM lParam)
{
  switch(uMsg) 
  {
    case WM_COMMAND:
      if (LOWORD(wParam) == IDOK || LOWORD(wParam) == IDCANCEL) 
      {
        EndDialog(hwnd, LOWORD(wParam));
        return TRUE;
      }
      break;
    default: 
      return DefDlgProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
  }
  return 0;
}

int WINAPI wWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, 
                    HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, 
                    PWSTR pCmdLine, 
                    int nCmdShow)
{
  char *wc_name = "#32770";
  HWND hwnd;

  HACCEL hAccelTable;
  MSG msg;

  AllocConsole();
  freopen("conout$", "w", stdout);

  hwnd = CreateWindowEx(
    0,                                  // Optional window styles.
    TEXT(wc_name),                      // Window class
    TEXT("Dialog"),                     // Window text
    WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,                // Window style

                                        // Size and position
    CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,

    NULL,                               // Parent window    
    NULL,                               // Menu
    hInstance,                          // Instance handle
    NULL                                // Additional application data
  );

  if (hwnd == NULL)
  {
    return GetLastError();
  }

  ShowWindow(hwnd, nCmdShow);
  UpdateWindow(hwnd);

  hAccelTable = LoadAccelerators(hInstance, TEXT(wc_name));
  while (GetMessage(&msg, hwnd, 0, 0)) 
  {
    if (! TranslateAccelerator(msg.hwnd, hAccelTable, &msg)) 
    {
      //TranslateMessage(&msg);
      //DispatchMessage(&msg);

      //DefWindowProc(msg.hwnd, msg.message, msg.wParam, msg.lParam);

      //DefDlgProc(msg.hwnd, msg.message, msg.wParam, msg.lParam);

      CallWindowProc(WindowProc, msg.hwnd, msg.message, msg.wParam, msg.lParam);
    }
  }

  return 0;
}

弹窗

#include <stdio.h>
#include <windows.h>

#include "window.h"

LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
  PAINTSTRUCT ps;
  HDC hDC;

  switch (uMsg) 
  {
    case WM_CREATE:
    {
      printf("[WM_CREATE] \n");
      break;
    }
    /*
    case WM_ERASEBKGND: 
    {
      printf("[WM_ERASEBKGND] \n");
      break;
    }
    */
    case WM_COMMAND:
      printf("[WM_COMMAND] \n");
      break;
    case WM_PAINT:
    {
      printf("[WM_PAINT] \n");
      hDC = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);

      EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
      break;
    }
    case WM_DESTROY:
      printf("[WM_DESTROY] \n");
      PostQuitMessage(0);
      printf("Goodbye!.\n");
      break;
    default:
      return DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
  }
  return 0;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  HMODULE hModule;

  HWND hDesktop;

  HWND hWnd;
  LPCTSTR hWndCls;
  LONG_PTR style;
  HBRUSH brush;

  int nCmdShow  = SW_SHOW;

  RECT rect;

  MSG msg;

  hModule = GetModuleHandle(NULL);
  if (hModule == NULL)
  {
    DWORD error = GetLastError();
    printf("GetModuleHandle err=%d\n", error);
    return -1;
  }

  hWndCls = register_window_class(hModule, CreateSolidBrush(RGB(0, 0, 255)), WindowProc);
  
  hWnd = CreateWindowEx(WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW, hWndCls, TEXT("弹窗"), 
      WS_VISIBLE | WS_POPUP/* styles */,
      0, 0, 280, 180, NULL, 0, hModule, NULL);
  if (! hWnd)
  {
    DWORD error = GetLastError();
    printf("CreateWindow err=%d\n", error);
    return -1;
  }

  hDesktop = GetDesktopWindow();
  if (hDesktop == NULL)
  {
    DWORD error = GetLastError();
    printf("GetDesktopWindow err=%d\n", error);
    return -1;
  }
  GetClientRect(hDesktop, &rect);
  SetWindowPos(hWnd, HWND_TOP, rect.right - 280, rect.bottom - 180, rect.right, rect.bottom, 0);


  ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
  UpdateWindow(hWnd);

  //brush = CreateSolidBrush(RGB(0, 0, 0));
  //SetClassLong(hWnd, GCL_HBRBACKGROUND, (long) brush);

  while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) 
  {
    TranslateMessage(&msg);
    DispatchMessage(&msg);
  }

  printf("exit.\n");
  return 0;
}