字符集解惑

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最近关于字符集做了一点思考，UTF8/GBK/Latin1/CP850……这些名称之间到底有什么关系呢？

其实最主要的原因是因为各个组织制定字符集时的名称不一致问题，例如ISO、IETF、微软等等。虽然经过协商很多字符集都是相互兼容的，但名字仍然是个历史遗留问题，好在在微软的网站上找到了一个映射表，保存、留念。

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd317756(v=vs.85).aspx

Note ANSI code pages can be different on different computers, or can be changed for a single computer, leading to data corruption. For the most consistent results, applications should use Unicode, such as UTF-8 or UTF-16, instead of a specific code page.

Identifier .NET Name Additional information

037	IBM037	IBM EBCDIC US-Canada
437	IBM437	OEM United States
500	IBM500	IBM EBCDIC International
708	ASMO-708	Arabic (ASMO 708)
709		Arabic (ASMO-449+, BCON V4)
710		Arabic - Transparent Arabic
720	DOS-720	Arabic (Transparent ASMO); Arabic (DOS)
737	ibm737	OEM Greek (formerly 437G); Greek (DOS)
775	ibm775	OEM Baltic; Baltic (DOS)
850	ibm850	OEM Multilingual Latin 1; Western European (DOS)
852	ibm852	OEM Latin 2; Central European (DOS)
855	IBM855	OEM Cyrillic (primarily Russian)
857	ibm857	OEM Turkish; Turkish (DOS)
858	IBM00858	OEM Multilingual Latin 1 + Euro symbol
860	IBM860	OEM Portuguese; Portuguese (DOS)
861	ibm861	OEM Icelandic; Icelandic (DOS)
862	DOS-862	OEM Hebrew; Hebrew (DOS)
863	IBM863	OEM French Canadian; French Canadian (DOS)
864	IBM864	OEM Arabic; Arabic (864)
865	IBM865	OEM Nordic; Nordic (DOS)
866	cp866	OEM Russian; Cyrillic (DOS)
869	ibm869	OEM Modern Greek; Greek, Modern (DOS)
870	IBM870	IBM EBCDIC Multilingual/ROECE (Latin 2); IBM EBCDIC Multilingual Latin 2
874	windows-874	ANSI/OEM Thai (same as 28605, ISO 8859-15); Thai (Windows)
875	cp875	IBM EBCDIC Greek Modern
932	shift_jis	ANSI/OEM Japanese; Japanese (Shift-JIS)
936	gb2312	ANSI/OEM Simplified Chinese (PRC, Singapore); Chinese Simplified (GB2312)
949	ks_c_5601-1987	ANSI/OEM Korean (Unified Hangul Code)
950	big5	ANSI/OEM Traditional Chinese (Taiwan; Hong Kong SAR, PRC); Chinese Traditional (Big5)
1026	IBM1026	IBM EBCDIC Turkish (Latin 5)
1047	IBM01047	IBM EBCDIC Latin 1/Open System
1140	IBM01140	IBM EBCDIC US-Canada (037 + Euro symbol); IBM EBCDIC (US-Canada-Euro)
1141	IBM01141	IBM EBCDIC Germany (20273 + Euro symbol); IBM EBCDIC (Germany-Euro)
1142	IBM01142	IBM EBCDIC Denmark-Norway (20277 + Euro symbol); IBM EBCDIC (Denmark-Norway-Euro)
1143	IBM01143	IBM EBCDIC Finland-Sweden (20278 + Euro symbol); IBM EBCDIC (Finland-Sweden-Euro)
1144	IBM01144	IBM EBCDIC Italy (20280 + Euro symbol); IBM EBCDIC (Italy-Euro)
1145	IBM01145	IBM EBCDIC Latin America-Spain (20284 + Euro symbol); IBM EBCDIC (Spain-Euro)
1146	IBM01146	IBM EBCDIC United Kingdom (20285 + Euro symbol); IBM EBCDIC (UK-Euro)
1147	IBM01147	IBM EBCDIC France (20297 + Euro symbol); IBM EBCDIC (France-Euro)
1148	IBM01148	IBM EBCDIC International (500 + Euro symbol); IBM EBCDIC (International-Euro)
1149	IBM01149	IBM EBCDIC Icelandic (20871 + Euro symbol); IBM EBCDIC (Icelandic-Euro)
1200	utf-16	Unicode UTF-16, little endian byte order (BMP of ISO 10646); available only to managed applications
1201	unicodeFFFE	Unicode UTF-16, big endian byte order; available only to managed applications
1250	windows-1250	ANSI Central European; Central European (Windows)
1251	windows-1251	ANSI Cyrillic; Cyrillic (Windows)
1252	windows-1252	ANSI Latin 1; Western European (Windows)
1253	windows-1253	ANSI Greek; Greek (Windows)
1254	windows-1254	ANSI Turkish; Turkish (Windows)
1255	windows-1255	ANSI Hebrew; Hebrew (Windows)
1256	windows-1256	ANSI Arabic; Arabic (Windows)
1257	windows-1257	ANSI Baltic; Baltic (Windows)
1258	windows-1258	ANSI/OEM Vietnamese; Vietnamese (Windows)
1361	Johab	Korean (Johab)
10000	macintosh	MAC Roman; Western European (Mac)
10001	x-mac-japanese	Japanese (Mac)
10002	x-mac-chinesetrad	MAC Traditional Chinese (Big5); Chinese Traditional (Mac)
10003	x-mac-korean	Korean (Mac)
10004	x-mac-arabic	Arabic (Mac)
10005	x-mac-hebrew	Hebrew (Mac)
10006	x-mac-greek	Greek (Mac)
10007	x-mac-cyrillic	Cyrillic (Mac)
10008	x-mac-chinesesimp	MAC Simplified Chinese (GB 2312); Chinese Simplified (Mac)
10010	x-mac-romanian	Romanian (Mac)
10017	x-mac-ukrainian	Ukrainian (Mac)
10021	x-mac-thai	Thai (Mac)
10029	x-mac-ce	MAC Latin 2; Central European (Mac)
10079	x-mac-icelandic	Icelandic (Mac)
10081	x-mac-turkish	Turkish (Mac)
10082	x-mac-croatian	Croatian (Mac)
12000	utf-32	Unicode UTF-32, little endian byte order; available only to managed applications
12001	utf-32BE	Unicode UTF-32, big endian byte order; available only to managed applications
20000	x-Chinese_CNS	CNS Taiwan; Chinese Traditional (CNS)
20001	x-cp20001	TCA Taiwan
20002	x_Chinese-Eten	Eten Taiwan; Chinese Traditional (Eten)
20003	x-cp20003	IBM5550 Taiwan
20004	x-cp20004	TeleText Taiwan
20005	x-cp20005	Wang Taiwan
20105	x-IA5	IA5 (IRV International Alphabet No. 5, 7-bit); Western European (IA5)
20106	x-IA5-German	IA5 German (7-bit)
20107	x-IA5-Swedish	IA5 Swedish (7-bit)
20108	x-IA5-Norwegian	IA5 Norwegian (7-bit)
20127	us-ascii	US-ASCII (7-bit)
20261	x-cp20261	T.61
20269	x-cp20269	ISO 6937 Non-Spacing Accent
20273	IBM273	IBM EBCDIC Germany
20277	IBM277	IBM EBCDIC Denmark-Norway
20278	IBM278	IBM EBCDIC Finland-Sweden
20280	IBM280	IBM EBCDIC Italy
20284	IBM284	IBM EBCDIC Latin America-Spain
20285	IBM285	IBM EBCDIC United Kingdom
20290	IBM290	IBM EBCDIC Japanese Katakana Extended
20297	IBM297	IBM EBCDIC France
20420	IBM420	IBM EBCDIC Arabic
20423	IBM423	IBM EBCDIC Greek
20424	IBM424	IBM EBCDIC Hebrew
20833	x-EBCDIC-KoreanExtended	IBM EBCDIC Korean Extended
20838	IBM-Thai	IBM EBCDIC Thai
20866	koi8-r	Russian (KOI8-R); Cyrillic (KOI8-R)
20871	IBM871	IBM EBCDIC Icelandic
20880	IBM880	IBM EBCDIC Cyrillic Russian
20905	IBM905	IBM EBCDIC Turkish
20924	IBM00924	IBM EBCDIC Latin 1/Open System (1047 + Euro symbol)
20932	EUC-JP	Japanese (JIS 0208-1990 and 0121-1990)
20936	x-cp20936	Simplified Chinese (GB2312); Chinese Simplified (GB2312-80)
20949	x-cp20949	Korean Wansung
21025	cp1025	IBM EBCDIC Cyrillic Serbian-Bulgarian
21027		(deprecated)
21866	koi8-u	Ukrainian (KOI8-U); Cyrillic (KOI8-U)
28591	iso-8859-1	ISO 8859-1 Latin 1; Western European (ISO)
28592	iso-8859-2	ISO 8859-2 Central European; Central European (ISO)
28593	iso-8859-3	ISO 8859-3 Latin 3
28594	iso-8859-4	ISO 8859-4 Baltic
28595	iso-8859-5	ISO 8859-5 Cyrillic
28596	iso-8859-6	ISO 8859-6 Arabic
28597	iso-8859-7	ISO 8859-7 Greek
28598	iso-8859-8	ISO 8859-8 Hebrew; Hebrew (ISO-Visual)
28599	iso-8859-9	ISO 8859-9 Turkish
28603	iso-8859-13	ISO 8859-13 Estonian
28605	iso-8859-15	ISO 8859-15 Latin 9
29001	x-Europa	Europa 3
38598	iso-8859-8-i	ISO 8859-8 Hebrew; Hebrew (ISO-Logical)
50220	iso-2022-jp	ISO 2022 Japanese with no halfwidth Katakana; Japanese (JIS)
50221	csISO2022JP	ISO 2022 Japanese with halfwidth Katakana; Japanese (JIS-Allow 1 byte Kana)
50222	iso-2022-jp	ISO 2022 Japanese JIS X 0201-1989; Japanese (JIS-Allow 1 byte Kana - SO/SI)
50225	iso-2022-kr	ISO 2022 Korean
50227	x-cp50227	ISO 2022 Simplified Chinese; Chinese Simplified (ISO 2022)
50229		ISO 2022 Traditional Chinese
50930		EBCDIC Japanese (Katakana) Extended
50931		EBCDIC US-Canada and Japanese
50933		EBCDIC Korean Extended and Korean
50935		EBCDIC Simplified Chinese Extended and Simplified Chinese
50936		EBCDIC Simplified Chinese
50937		EBCDIC US-Canada and Traditional Chinese
50939		EBCDIC Japanese (Latin) Extended and Japanese
51932	euc-jp	EUC Japanese
51936	EUC-CN	EUC Simplified Chinese; Chinese Simplified (EUC)
51949	euc-kr	EUC Korean
51950		EUC Traditional Chinese
52936	hz-gb-2312	HZ-GB2312 Simplified Chinese; Chinese Simplified (HZ)
54936	GB18030	Windows XP and later: GB18030 Simplified Chinese (4 byte); Chinese Simplified (GB18030)
57002	x-iscii-de	ISCII Devanagari
57003	x-iscii-be	ISCII Bengali
57004	x-iscii-ta	ISCII Tamil
57005	x-iscii-te	ISCII Telugu
57006	x-iscii-as	ISCII Assamese
57007	x-iscii-or	ISCII Oriya
57008	x-iscii-ka	ISCII Kannada
57009	x-iscii-ma	ISCII Malayalam
57010	x-iscii-gu	ISCII Gujarati
57011	x-iscii-pa	ISCII Punjabi
65000	utf-7	Unicode (UTF-7)
65001	utf-8	Unicode (UTF-8)