Spring MVC 中 HandlerInterceptorAdapter的使用

一般情况下，对来自浏览器的请求的拦截，是利用Filter实现的，这种方式可以实现Bean预处理、后处理。
Spring MVC的拦截器不仅可实现Filter的所有功能，还可以更精确的控制拦截精度。

Spring为我们提供了org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.HandlerInterceptorAdapter这个适配器，继承此类，可以非常方便的实现自己的拦截器。他有三个方法：

 

public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
        throws Exception {
        return true;
    }
    public void postHandle(
            HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView)
            throws Exception {
    }
    public void afterCompletion(
            HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex)
            throws Exception {
    }

public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)  
        throws Exception {  
        return true;  
    }  
    public void postHandle(  
            HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView)  
            throws Exception {  
    }  
    public void afterCompletion(  
            HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex)  
            throws Exception {  
    }  

分别实现预处理、后处理（调用了Service并返回ModelAndView，但未进行页面渲染）、返回处理（已经渲染了页面）
在preHandle中，可以进行编码、安全控制等处理；
在postHandle中，有机会修改ModelAndView；
在afterCompletion中，可以根据ex是否为null判断是否发生了异常，进行日志记录。

如果基于xml配置使用Spring MVC，
可以利用SimpleUrlHandlerMapping、BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping进行Url映射（相当于struts的path映射）和拦截请求（注入interceptors），
如果基于注解使用Spring MVC，可以使用DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping注入interceptors。
注意无论基于xml还是基于注解，HandlerMapping bean都是需要在xml中配置的。

一个demo：
在这个例子中，我们假设UserController中的注册操作只在9：00-12：00开放，那么就可以使用拦截器实现这个功能。 

 

 

public class TimeBasedAccessInterceptor extends HandlerInterceptorAdapter {
    private int openingTime;
    private int closingTime;
    private String mappingURL;//利用正则映射到需要拦截的路径
    public void setOpeningTime(int openingTime) {
        this.openingTime = openingTime;
    }
    public void setClosingTime(int closingTime) {
        this.closingTime = closingTime;
    }
    public void setMappingURL(String mappingURL) {
        this.mappingURL = mappingURL;
    }
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request,
            HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        String url=request.getRequestURL().toString();
        if(mappingURL==null || url.matches(mappingURL)){
            Calendar c=Calendar.getInstance();
            c.setTime(new Date());
            int now=c.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);
            if(now<openingTime || now>closingTime){
                request.setAttribute("msg", "注册开放时间：9：00-12：00");
                request.getRequestDispatcher("/msg.jsp").forward(request, response);
                return false;
            }
            return true;
        }
        return true;
    }
}

public class TimeBasedAccessInterceptor extends HandlerInterceptorAdapter {  
    private int openingTime;  
    private int closingTime;  
    private String mappingURL;//利用正则映射到需要拦截的路径  
    public void setOpeningTime(int openingTime) {  
        this.openingTime = openingTime;  
    }  
    public void setClosingTime(int closingTime) {  
        this.closingTime = closingTime;  
    }  
    public void setMappingURL(String mappingURL) {  
        this.mappingURL = mappingURL;  
    }  
    @Override  
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request,  
            HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {  
        String url=request.getRequestURL().toString();  
        if(mappingURL==null || url.matches(mappingURL)){  
            Calendar c=Calendar.getInstance();  
            c.setTime(new Date());  
            int now=c.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);  
            if(now<openingTime || now>closingTime){  
                request.setAttribute("msg", "注册开放时间：9：00-12：00");  
                request.getRequestDispatcher("/msg.jsp").forward(request, response);  
                return false;  
            }  
            return true;  
        }  
        return true;  
    }  
}  

xml配置： 

 

 

<bean id="timeBasedAccessInterceptor" class="com.spring.handler.TimeBasedAccessInterceptor">
    <property name="openingTime" value="9" />
    <property name="closingTime" value="12" />
    <property name="mappingURL" value=".*/user\.do\?action=reg.*" />
</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping">
    <property name="interceptors">
        <list>
            <ref bean="timeBasedAccessInterceptor"/>
        </list>
    </property>
</bean>

<bean id="timeBasedAccessInterceptor" class="com.spring.handler.TimeBasedAccessInterceptor">  
    <property name="openingTime" value="9" />  
    <property name="closingTime" value="12" />  
    <property name="mappingURL" value=".*/user\.do\?action=reg.*" />  
</bean>  
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping">  
    <property name="interceptors">  
        <list>  
            <ref bean="timeBasedAccessInterceptor"/>  
        </list>  
    </property>  
</bean>  

这里我们定义了一个mappingURL属性，实现利用正则表达式对url进行匹配，从而更细粒度的进行拦截。当然如果不定义mappingURL，则默认拦截所有对Controller的请求。

UserController： 

 

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user.do")
public class UserController{
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;
    @RequestMapping(params="action=reg")
    public ModelAndView reg(Users user) throws Exception {
        userService.addUser(user);
        return new ModelAndView("profile","user",user);
    }
    // other option ...
}

@Controller  
@RequestMapping("/user.do")  
public class UserController{  
    @Autowired  
    private UserService userService;  
    @RequestMapping(params="action=reg")  
    public ModelAndView reg(Users user) throws Exception {  
        userService.addUser(user);  
        return new ModelAndView("profile","user",user);  
    }  
    // other option ...  
}  

这个Controller相当于Struts的DispatchAction

你也可以配置多个拦截器，每个拦截器进行不同的分工.