模板方法模式

Template Method

模板方法定义了一个算法的步骤,并允许子类为一个或多个步骤提供实现.
它是一个骨架,在框架的设计中多用此设计模式.

对模板方法进行挂钩:
钩子是一种被声明在抽象类中的方法,但只有空的或者默认的实现.钩子的存在,
可以让子灰有能力对算法的不同点进行挂钩.要不要挂钩,由子类自行决定.

好莱坞原则:
高层组件对低层组件的方式是"别调用我们,我们会调用你".

public abstract class CaffeineBeverage {
//不希望子类覆盖此方法,声明为final  
	final void prepareRecipe() {
		boilWater();
		brew();
		pourInCup();
		addCondiments();
	}
 
	abstract void brew();
  
	abstract void addCondiments();
 
	void boilWater() {
		System.out.println("Boiling water");
	}
  
	void pourInCup() {
		System.out.println("Pouring into cup");
	}
}

public class Tea extends CaffeineBeverage {
	public void brew() {
		System.out.println("Steeping the tea");
	}
	public void addCondiments() {
		System.out.println("Adding Lemon");
	}
}

public class Coffee extends CaffeineBeverage {
	public void brew() {
		System.out.println("Dripping Coffee through filter");
	}
	public void addCondiments() {
		System.out.println("Adding Sugar and Milk");
	}
}

对模板方法使用钩子:

public abstract class CaffeineBeverageWithHook {
 
	void prepareRecipe() {
		boilWater();
		brew();
		pourInCup();
		if (customerWantsCondiments()) {
			addCondiments();
		}
	}
 
	abstract void brew();
 
	abstract void addCondiments();
 
	void boilWater() {
		System.out.println("Boiling water");
	}
 
	void pourInCup() {
		System.out.println("Pouring into cup");
	}
 
	boolean customerWantsCondiments() {
		return true;
	}
}

import java.io.*;

public class CoffeeWithHook extends CaffeineBeverageWithHook {
 
	public void brew() {
		System.out.println("Dripping Coffee through filter");
	}
 
	public void addCondiments() {
		System.out.println("Adding Sugar and Milk");
	}
 
	public boolean customerWantsCondiments() {

		String answer = getUserInput();

		if (answer.toLowerCase().startsWith("y")) {
			return true;
		} else {
			return false;
		}
	}
 
	private String getUserInput() {
		String answer = null;

		System.out.print("Would you like milk and sugar with your coffee (y/n)? ");

		BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
		try {
			answer = in.readLine();
		} catch (IOException ioe) {
			System.err.println("IO error trying to read your answer");
		}
		if (answer == null) {
			return "no";
		}
		return answer;
	}
}