spring mvc注解例子

弃用了struts，用spring mvc框架做了几个项目，感觉都不错，而且使用了注解方式，可以省掉一大堆配置文件。本文主要介绍使用注解方式配置的spring mvc，之前写的spring3.0 mvc和rest小例子没有介绍到数据层的内容，现在这一篇补上。下面开始贴代码。
文中用的框架版本：spring 3,hibernate 3,没有的，自己上网下。

web.xml配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>   
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">   
  <display-name>s3h3</display-name>   
   <context-param>     
     <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>     
     <param-value>classpath:applicationContext*.xml</param-value>     
 </context-param>     
  <listener>     
     <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>     
 </listener>     
  
 <servlet>     
     <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>     
     <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>     
     <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>     
 </servlet>     
 <servlet-mapping>     
     <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>  <!-- 这里在配成spring,下边也要写一个名为spring-servlet.xml的文件，主要用来配置它的controller -->   
     <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>     
 </servlet-mapping>     
  <welcome-file-list>   
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>   
  </welcome-file-list>   
</web-app>  

spring-servlet,主要配置controller的信息

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>   
  <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"     
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"     
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"     
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd   
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd   
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd   
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">   
     
  <context:annotation-config />   
       <!-- 把标记了@Controller注解的类转换为bean -->     
      <context:component-scan base-package="com.mvc.controller" />     
  <!-- 启动Spring MVC的注解功能，完成请求和注解POJO的映射 -->     
      <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter" />     
        
       <!-- 对模型视图名称的解析，即在模型视图名称添加前后缀 -->     
       <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"     
          p:prefix="/WEB-INF/view/" p:suffix=".jsp" />     
           
       <bean id="multipartResolver"     
          class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"     
          p:defaultEncoding="utf-8" />     
 </beans>  

applicationContext.xml代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>   
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
 xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"  
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
 xsi:schemaLocation="   
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd   
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd   
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd   
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd">   
  
 <context:annotation-config />   
 <context:component-scan base-package="com.mvc" />  <!-- 自动扫描所有注解该路径 -->   
  
 <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:/hibernate.properties" />   
  
 <bean id="sessionFactory"  
  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean">   
  <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />   
  <property name="hibernateProperties">   
   <props>   
    <prop key="hibernate.dialect">${dataSource.dialect}</prop>   
    <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">${dataSource.hbm2ddl.auto}</prop>   
    <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>   
   </props>   
  </property>   
  <property name="packagesToScan">   
   <list>   
    <value>com.mvc.entity</value><!-- 扫描实体类，也就是平时所说的model -->   
   </list>   
    </property>   
 </bean>   
  
 <bean id="transactionManager"  
  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">   
  <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />   
  <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />   
 </bean>   
  
 <bean id="dataSource"  
  class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">   
  <property name="driverClassName" value="${dataSource.driverClassName}" />   
  <property name="url" value="${dataSource.url}" />   
  <property name="username" value="${dataSource.username}" />   
  <property name="password" value="${dataSource.password}" />   
 </bean>   
 <!-- Dao的实现 -->   
 <bean id="entityDao" class="com.mvc.dao.EntityDaoImpl">     
  <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />   
 </bean>   
 <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />   
 <tx:annotation-driven mode="aspectj"/>   
     
    <aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>     
</beans>  

hibernate.properties数据库连接配置

dataSource.password=123  
dataSource.username=root   
dataSource.databaseName=test   
dataSource.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver   
dataSource.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect   
dataSource.serverName=localhost:3306  
dataSource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test   
dataSource.properties=user=${dataSource.username};databaseName=${dataSource.databaseName};serverName=${dataSource.serverName};password=${dataSource.password}   
dataSource.hbm2ddl.auto=update  

配置已经完成，下面开始例子
先在数据库建表，例子用的是mysql数据库

CREATE TABLE  `test`.`student` (   
  `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,   
  `name` varchar(45) NOT NULL,   
  `psw` varchar(45) NOT NULL,   
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)   
)  

建好表后，生成实体类

package com.mvc.entity;   
  
import java.io.Serializable;   
  
import javax.persistence.Basic;   
import javax.persistence.Column;   
import javax.persistence.Entity;   
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;   
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;   
import javax.persistence.Id;   
import javax.persistence.Table;   
  
@Entity  
@Table(name = "student")   
public class Student implements Serializable {   
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;   
    @Id  
    @Basic(optional = false)   
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)   
    @Column(name = "id", nullable = false)   
    private Integer id;   
    @Column(name = "name")   
    private String user;   
    @Column(name = "psw")   
    private String psw;   
    public Integer getId() {   
        return id;   
    }   
    public void setId(Integer id) {   
        this.id = id;   
    }   
       
    public String getUser() {   
        return user;   
    }   
    public void setUser(String user) {   
        this.user = user;   
    }   
    public String getPsw() {   
        return psw;   
    }   
    public void setPsw(String psw) {   
        this.psw = psw;   
    }   
}  

Dao层实现

package com.mvc.dao;   
  
import java.util.List;   
  
public interface EntityDao {   
    public List<Object> createQuery(final String queryString);   
    public Object save(final Object model);   
    public void update(final Object model);   
    public void delete(final Object model);   
}  

package com.mvc.dao;   
  
import java.util.List;   
  
import org.hibernate.Query;   
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateCallback;   
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;   
  
public class EntityDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements EntityDao{   
    public List<Object> createQuery(final String queryString) {   
        return (List<Object>) getHibernateTemplate().execute(   
                new HibernateCallback<Object>() {   
                    public Object doInHibernate(org.hibernate.Session session)   
                            throws org.hibernate.HibernateException {   
                        Query query = session.createQuery(queryString);   
                        List<Object> rows = query.list();   
                        return rows;   
                    }   
                });   
    }   
    public Object save(final Object model) {   
        return  getHibernateTemplate().execute(   
                new HibernateCallback<Object>() {   
                    public Object doInHibernate(org.hibernate.Session session)   
                            throws org.hibernate.HibernateException {   
                        session.save(model);   
                        return null;   
                    }   
                });   
    }   
    public void update(final Object model) {   
        getHibernateTemplate().execute(new HibernateCallback<Object>() {   
            public Object doInHibernate(org.hibernate.Session session)   
                    throws org.hibernate.HibernateException {   
                session.update(model);   
                return null;   
            }   
        });   
    }   
    public void delete(final Object model) {   
        getHibernateTemplate().execute(new HibernateCallback<Object>() {   
            public Object doInHibernate(org.hibernate.Session session)   
                    throws org.hibernate.HibernateException {   
                session.delete(model);   
                return null;   
            }   
        });   
    }   
}  

Dao在applicationContext.xml注入

<bean id="entityDao" class="com.mvc.dao.EntityDaoImpl">  
  <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
 </bean>

Dao只有一个类的实现，直接供其它service层调用，如果你想更换为其它的Dao实现，也只需修改这里的配置就行了。
开始写view页面，WEB-INF/view下新建页面student.jsp，WEB-INF/view这路径是在spring-servlet.xml文件配置的，你可以配置成其它，也可以多个路径。student.jsp代码

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"  
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>  
<%@ include file="/include/head.jsp"%>  
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">  
<html>  
<head>  
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">  
<title>添加</title>  
<script language="javascript" src="<%=request.getContextPath()%><!--   
/script/jquery.min.js">  
// --></script>  
<style><!--   
table{  border-collapse:collapse;  }   
td{  border:1px solid #f00;  }   
--></style><style mce_bogus="1">table{  border-collapse:collapse;  }   
td{  border:1px solid #f00;  }</style>  
<script type="text/javascript"><!--   
function add(){   
    window.location.href="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/student.do?method=add";   
}   
  
function del(id){   
$.ajax( {   
    type : "POST",   
    url : "<%=request.getContextPath()%>/student.do?method=del&id=" + id,   
    dataType: "json",   
    success : function(data) {   
        if(data.del == "true"){   
            alert("删除成功！");   
            $("#" + id).remove();   
        }   
        else{   
            alert("删除失败！");   
        }   
    },   
    error :function(){   
        alert("网络连接出错！");   
    }   
});   
}   
// --></script>  
</head>  
<body>  
  
<input id="add" type="button" onclick="add()" value="添加"/>  
<table >  
    <tr>  
        <td>序号</td>  
        <td>姓名</td>  
        <td>密码</td>  
        <td>操作</td>  
    </tr>  
    <c:forEach items="${list}" var="student">  
    <tr id="<c:out value="${student.id}"/>">  
        <td><c:out value="${student.id}"/></td>  
        <td><c:out value="${student.user}"/></td>  
        <td><c:out value="${student.psw}"/></td>  
        <td>  
            <input type="button" value="编辑"/>        
            <input type="button" onclick="del('<c:out value="${student.id}"/>')" value="删除"/>  
        </td>  
    </tr>  
    </c:forEach>  
       
</table>  
</body>  
</html>  

student_add.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"  
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>  
<%@ include file="/include/head.jsp"%>  
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">  
<html>  
<head>  
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">  
<title>学生添加</title>  
<mce:script type="text/javascript"><!--   
function turnback(){   
    window.location.href="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/student.do";   
}   
// --></mce:script>  
</head>  
<body>  
<form method="post" action="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/student.do?method=save">  
<div><c:out value="${addstate}"></c:out></div>  
<table>  
    <tr><td>姓名</td><td><input id="user" name="user" type="text" /></td></tr>  
    <tr><td>密码</td><td><input id="psw" name="psw"  type="text" /></td></tr>  
    <tr><td colSpan="2" align="center"><input type="submit" value="提交"/><input type="button" onclick="turnback()" value="返回" /> </td></tr>  
</table>  
  
</form>  
</body>  
</html>  

controller类实现，只需把注解写上，spring就会自动帮你找到相应的bean，相应的注解标记意义，不明白的，可以自己查下@Service，@Controller，@Entity等等的内容。

package com.mvc.controller;   
  
import java.util.List;   
  
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;   
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;   
  
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;   
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;   
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;   
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;   
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;   
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;   
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;   
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;   
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;   
  
import com.mvc.entity.Student;   
import com.mvc.service.StudentService;   
  
@Controller  
@RequestMapping("/student.do")   
public class StudentController {   
    protected final transient Log log = LogFactory   
    .getLog(StudentController.class);   
    @Autowired  
    private StudentService studentService;   
    public StudentController(){   
           
    }   
       
    @RequestMapping  
    public String load(ModelMap modelMap){   
        List<Object> list = studentService.getStudentList();   
        modelMap.put("list", list);   
        return "student";   
    }   
       
    @RequestMapping(params = "method=add")   
    public String add(HttpServletRequest request, ModelMap modelMap) throws Exception{   
        return "student_add";   
    }   
       
    @RequestMapping(params = "method=save")   
    public String save(HttpServletRequest request, ModelMap modelMap){   
        String user = request.getParameter("user");   
        String psw = request.getParameter("psw");   
        Student st = new Student();   
        st.setUser(user);   
        st.setPsw(psw);   
        try{   
            studentService.save(st);   
            modelMap.put("addstate", "添加成功");   
        }   
        catch(Exception e){   
            log.error(e.getMessage());   
            modelMap.put("addstate", "添加失败");   
        }   
           
        return "student_add";   
    }   
       
    @RequestMapping(params = "method=del")   
    public void del(@RequestParam("id") String id, HttpServletResponse response){   
        try{   
            Student st = new Student();   
            st.setId(Integer.valueOf(id));   
            studentService.delete(st);   
            response.getWriter().print("{\"del\":\"true\"}");   
        }   
        catch(Exception e){   
            log.error(e.getMessage());   
            e.printStackTrace();   
        }   
    }   
}  

service类实现

package com.mvc.service;   
  
import java.util.List;   
  
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;   
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;   
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;   
  
import com.mvc.dao.EntityDao;   
import com.mvc.entity.Student;   
  
@Service  
public class StudentService {   
 @Autowired  
 private EntityDao entityDao;   
    
 @Transactional  
 public List<Object> getStudentList(){   
  StringBuffer sff = new StringBuffer();   
  sff.append("select a from ").append(Student.class.getSimpleName()).append(" a ");   
  List<Object> list = entityDao.createQuery(sff.toString());   
  return list;   
 }   
    
 public void save(Student st){   
  entityDao.save(st);   
 }   
 public void delete(Object obj){   
  entityDao.delete(obj);   
 }   
} 

OK，例子写完。有其它业务内容，只需直接新建view，并实现相应comtroller和service就行了，配置和dao层的内容基本不变，也就是每次只需写jsp（view），controller和service调用dao就行了。

怎样，看了这个，spring mvc是不是比ssh实现更方便灵活。