Scrapy是一个开源的机遇twisted框架的python的单机爬虫，该爬虫实际上包含大多数网页抓取的工具包，用于爬虫下载端以及抽取端。
安装环境:
安装步骤:
1.下载python2.7 http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.3/Python-2.7.3.tgz
[root@zxy-websgs ~]# wget http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.3/Python-2.7.3.tgz -P /opt
[root@zxy-websgs opt]# tar xvf Python-2.7.3.tgz
[root@zxy-websgs Python-2.7.3]# ./configure
[root@zxy-websgs Python-2.7.3]# make && make install
验证python2.7安装
[root@zxy-websgs Python-2.7.3]# python2.7
Python 2.7.3 (default, Feb 28 2013, 03:08:43)
[GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-50)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> exit()
2.安装setuptools,http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-0.6c11.tar.gz
[root@zxy-websgs ~]# wget http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-0.6c11.tar.gz -P /opt/
[root@zxy-websgs opt]# tar zxvf setuptools-0.6c11.tar.gz
[root@zxy-websgs setuptools-0.6c11]# python2.7 setup.py install
3.安装Twisted
[root@zxy-websgs setuptools-0.6c11]# easy_install Twisted
......
Installed /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Twisted-12.3.0-py2.7-linux-x86_64.egg
......
Installed /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/zope.interface-4.0.4-py2.7-linux-x86_64.egg
Twisted要安装zope.interface,可以从下面地址下载
zope.interface:http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/z/zope.interface/zope.interface-4.0.1.tar.gz
twisted:http://twistedmatrix.com/Releases/Twisted/12.1/Twisted-12.1.0.tar.bz2
5.安装w3lib
[root@zxy-websgs setuptools-0.6c11]# easy_install -U w3lib
Searching for w3lib
Reading http://pypi.python.org/simple/w3lib/
Reading http://github.com/scrapy/w3lib
Best match: w3lib 1.2
Downloading http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/w/w3lib/w3lib-1.2.tar.gz#md5=f929d5973a9fda59587b09a72f185a9e
Processing w3lib-1.2.tar.gz
Running w3lib-1.2/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /tmp/easy_install-wm_1BB/w3lib-1.2/egg-dist-tmp-2DQHY_
zip_safe flag not set; analyzing archive contents...
Adding w3lib 1.2 to easy-install.pth file
Installed /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/w3lib-1.2-py2.7.egg
Processing dependencies for w3lib
Finished processing dependencies for w3lib
w3lib:http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/w/w3lib/w3lib-1.2.tar.gz
6.安装libxml2或者用easy_install安装lxml
[root@zxy-websgs lxml-3.1.0]# easy_install lxml
验证lxml安装
[root@zxy-websgs lxml-3.1.0]# python2.7
Python 2.7.3 (default, Feb 28 2013, 03:08:43)
[GCC 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-50)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import lxml
>>> exit()
也可以安装libxml2,官网上推荐安装2.6.28或者以上的版本，但在官网上没找到，我先是安装的2.6.9的版本，运行scrapy时报以下错误
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/bin/scrapy", line 5, in <module>
pkg_resources.run_script('Scrapy==0.14.4', 'scrapy')
File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources.py", line 489, in run_script
File "build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/pkg_resources.py", line 1207, in run_script
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Scrapy-0.14.4-py2.7.egg/EGG-INFO/scripts/scrapy", line 4, in <module>
execute()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Scrapy-0.14.4-py2.7.egg/scrapy/cmdline.py", line 112, in execute
cmds = _get_commands_dict(inproject)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Scrapy-0.14.4-py2.7.egg/scrapy/cmdline.py", line 37, in _get_commands_dict
cmds = _get_commands_from_module('scrapy.commands', inproject)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Scrapy-0.14.4-py2.7.egg/scrapy/cmdline.py", line 30, in _get_commands_from_module
for cmd in _iter_command_classes(module):
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Scrapy-0.14.4-py2.7.egg/scrapy/cmdline.py", line 21, in _iter_command_classes
for module in walk_modules(module_name):
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Scrapy-0.14.4-py2.7.egg/scrapy/utils/misc.py", line 65, in walk_modules
submod = __import__(fullpath, {}, {}, [''])
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Scrapy-0.14.4-py2.7.egg/scrapy/commands/shell.py", line 8, in <module>
from scrapy.shell import Shell
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Scrapy-0.14.4-py2.7.egg/scrapy/shell.py", line 14, in <module>
from scrapy.selector import XPathSelector, XmlXPathSelector, HtmlXPathSelector
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Scrapy-0.14.4-py2.7.egg/scrapy/selector/__init__.py", line 30, in <module>
from scrapy.selector.libxml2sel import *
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Scrapy-0.14.4-py2.7.egg/scrapy/selector/libxml2sel.py", line 12, in <module>
from .factories import xmlDoc_from_html, xmlDoc_from_xml
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Scrapy-0.14.4-py2.7.egg/scrapy/selector/factories.py", line 14, in <module>
libxml2.HTML_PARSE_NOERROR + \
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'HTML_PARSE_RECOVER'
升级到2.6.21版本以后解决了。
libxml2.6.1:ftp://xmlsoft.org/libxml2/python/libxml2-python-2.6.21.tar.gz
7.安装pyOpenSSL(这个是可选安装的，主要为了使scrapy能够支持https)
用easy_install pyOpenSSL安装的是pyOpenSSL-0.13版本，没安装成功，于是手动下载.011版本来进行安装。
[root@zxy-websgs opt]# wget http://launchpadlibrarian.net/58498441/pyOpenSSL-0.11.tar.gz -P /opt
[root@zxy-websgs opt]# tar zxvf pyOpenSSL-0.11.tar.gz
[root@zxy-websgs pyOpenSSL-0.11]# python2.7 setup.py install
pyOpenSSL:http://launchpadlibrarian.net/58498441/pyOpenSSL-0.11.tar.gz
8.安装scrapy
[root@zxy-websgs pyOpenSSL-0.11]# easy_install -U Scrapy
验证安装
[root@zxy-websgs pyOpenSSL-0.11]# scrapy
Scrapy 0.16.4 - no active project
Usage:
scrapy <command> [options] [args]
Available commands:
fetch Fetch a URL using the Scrapy downloader
runspider Run a self-contained spider (without creating a project)
settings Get settings values
shell Interactive scraping console
startproject Create new project
version Print Scrapy version
view Open URL in browser, as seen by Scrapy
[ more ] More commands available when run from project directory
Use "scrapy <command> -h" to see more info about a command
scrapy:http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/S/Scrapy/Scrapy-0.14.4.tar.gz
总结：
pyOpenSSL单独安装的时候不成功，也可以先下载pyOpenSSL0.11进行安装，再使用easy_install -U Scrapy进行全程安装
Python安装lxml(编译安装其依赖的库)
依赖说明：
lxml是libxml2、libxslt的PythonBinding，依赖于libxml2和libxslt。libxslt依赖于libxml2。
由于我们的程序可能要分发到别的机器运行，所以要提取出一个可独立拷贝走的运行时环境，假设该目录为/home/liheyuan/env
1、安装libxml2
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wget http://xmlsoft.org/sources/libxml2-2.9.0.tar.gz
tar-xzvf libxml2-2.9.0.tar.gz
./configure--prefix=/home/liheyuan/env--without-python
make
make install
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2、安装libxslt
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wget http://xmlsoft.org/sources/libxslt-1.1.27.tar.gz
./configure--prefix=/home/liheyuan/env--without-crypto--without-python--with-libxml-prefix=/home/liheyuan/env/
make
make install
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3、安装lxml
依赖的库都搞定了，终于轮到Python的Binding了。
我们假设Python已经通过编译安装的方式，放到了同样的目录下：/home/liheyuan/env
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# 下载
wget http://pypi.python.org/packages/source/l/lxml/lxml-3.0.1.tar.gz#md5=0f2b1a063ab3b6b0944cbc4a9a85dcfa
tar-xzvf lxml-3.0.1.tar.gz
cd lxml-3.0.1
# 解压缩、编译
/home/liheyuan/env/bin/python./setup.py build--with-xslt-config=/home/liheyuan/env/bin/xslt-config
/home/liheyuan/env/bin/python./setup.py install
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最后看下效果：
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/home/liheyuan/env/bin/python
Python2.7.3(default,Oct222012,13:32:03)
Type"help","copyright","credits"or"license"formore information.
>>>import lxml
>>>import lxml.html
>>>报错.....
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错误提示，提示etree.so依赖错误！
由于so是我们自己build的，且不在系统默认环境变量路径内，所以我们需要把path加到系统环境变量(so)路径内，如下：
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vim~/.bashrc
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/home/liheyuan/env/lib
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下次重新登陆Terminal就可以了！
