前文:成为技术传播者(一):写在前面
Contributing to Eclipse的开篇第一句话说得很有味道:“Humans need to feel nurtured and cared for. Humans also need to nurture and care for others.”如果要分析一位“技术传播者”的心理状态,这应该是一个很好的总结。马斯洛的理论认为,人在满足了生理、安全的需要之后,紧接着还有社交、被尊重以及自我实现的需要。对于程序员而言,技术传播是很可以满足社交以及被尊重的需要的。
来自同一本书的一张图片,讲述了Eclipse的社群构成,也很有参考价值:
这幅图片说出了一个事实,即传播技术、使他人得以使用某一技术的人,必定比“亲手使用这项技术”的人要来得少。但金字塔形很容易给人一种暗示,即位于“上端”(即人数较少的一端)者有更为崇高的地位。在Contributing to Eclipse一书的草稿中,这幅图原本是画了一个倒金字塔形,也就没有了前述的暗示效果。
落到更为实际的层面上,“成为技术传播者”的动机也很容易理解,即《软件工艺》书所说的“声望”(reputation)。Pete McBreen认为,reputation是检验开发者能力的唯一标准。而reputation的度量,我认为大致是一个乘法式:
声望= 成功项目的经验 × 传播的人数 × 受众了解深入程度
因此,更为广泛地传播自己的技术(也即“成功项目的经验”),虽然受众的平均了解深入度有所降低,却仍旧有可能提高声望。在我看来,这是成为技术传播者的利益原动力。当然,获得尊敬、出风头等心理因素也是促成动力之一,但我认为那些因素的驱动效果是非常不稳定、无法长久的。
在某种意义上,技术传播者与开源参与者是非常类似的两个人群(实际上,有很多人确实同时扮演这两个角色):他们几乎不获报酬地将自己辛苦得到的东西(一个软件产品,或一项技术知识)交给大量的程序员同行。在一篇题为“I Love Lucene”的文章中,Vic Cekvenich认为Lucene是一个伟大的开源项目,因为它的全文检索算法具有相当的技术含量。这句话的潜台词就是:大多数的开源作品实际上没有太多的技术含量——J2EE世界里为数最丰的web框架完全可以佐证这一观点。造成这一现象的理由非常简单:诸如“web框架的优雅设计”一类的东西非常容易贬值,如果Rod Johnson不把Spring框架拿出来换取高额的reputation,这个框架到今天也已经贬值到一钱不值了。
因此“为什么不做技术传播者”的理由也很简单:如果有更好的途径将自己的技术套现,那么走技术传播者这条曲径是没有道理的。传播技术,和学习技术、使用技术一样,可以被视为一种投资手段而加以衡量。当然,另一方面,缺乏必要表达能力者不适合成为技术传播者。就我个人所见,程序员中有此缺陷者并非罕见。
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