软件公司怎么消亡的？

最近读了一篇非常有趣的文章，原文是英文，和大家共享，其大概意思是：

管程序员就象是养蜂人管蜜蜂一样。养蜂人怎么管的呢？养蜂人其实并不能和蜜蜂沟通，谁会说“蜂语”啊。但他们可以把蜜蜂放在一个舒适的蜂房里，这样他们自动就会采蜜了，你顺手就可以拿走蜂蜜。：）
对程序员是类似的，把他们弄到一个舒服的环境里：工资比他们想要的高，以至于不会用了（当然，比你的预算还是要便宜）；这些蜜蜂会嘤嘤嗡嗡自己形成社会，程序员会自己评价自己，就象沉迷在打游戏里的家伙一样，谁的话都听不进去，就只愿意写好的软件 - 这和艺术家和战士一样。
软件公司怎么失控的和完蛋的？通常是来了一个有个性的管理人员，这老兄一看，这帮程序员怎么这么 …… 不顺眼啊？脏兮兮，乱糟糟，不配合，他们看起来是多无趣的一群人啊！最糟糕的是，他们还笑话你！于是对他们进行管理 …… 这下规范了，但是，程序员们被伤害了，他们被要求要参加会议，做计划，写报告，严格按照流程，千万千万不要去动别人的代码！程序员觉得自己就象过起了外星人的生活 …… 于是，最好的程序员走了，有的开始怠工，甚至破坏 …… 蜂房毁了。管理者舒服了，因为好像事情开始受控了，大家开始打领带了；但是 Bug 开始成堆出现，市场丢失，最后，关门大吉。

英文原文：
Software - How Software Companies Die
By Orson Scott Card
The environment that nutures creative programmers kills management and marketing types - and vice versa. Programming is the Great Game. It consumes you, body and soul. When you're caught up in it, nothing else matters. When you emerge into daylight, you might well discover that you're a hundred pounds overweight, your underwear is older than the average first grader, and judging from the number of pizza boxes lying around, it must be spring already. But you don't care, because your program runs, and the code is fast and clever and tight. You won. You're aware that some people think you're a nerd. So what? They're not players. They've never jousted with Windows or gone hand to hand with DOS. To them C++ is a decent grade, almost a B - not a language. They barely exist. Like soldiers or artists, you don't care about the opinions of civilians. You're building something intricate and fine. They'll never understand it.
BEEKEEPING
Here's the secret that every successful software company is based on: You can domesticate programmers the way beekeepers tame bees. You can't exactly communicate with them, but you can get them to swarm in one place and when they're not looking, you can carry off the honey. You keep these bees from stinging by paying them money. More money than they know what to do with. But that's less than you might think. You see, all these programmers keep hearing their parents' voices in their heads saying "When are you going to join the real world?" All you have to pay them is enough money that they can answer (also in their heads) "Geez, Dad, I'm making more than you." On average, this is cheap. And you get them to stay in the hive by giving them other coders to swarm with. The only person whose praise matters is another programmer. Less-talented programmers will idolize them; evenly matched ones will challenge and goad one another; and if you want to get a good swarm, you make sure that you have at least one certified genius coder that they can all look up to, even if he glances at other people's code only long enough to sneer at it. He's a Player, thinks the junior programmer. He looked at my code. That is enough. If a software company provides such a hive, the coders will give up sleep, love, health, and clean laundry, while the company keeps the bulk of the money.
OUT OF CONTROL
Here's the problem that ends up killing company after company. All successful software companies had, as their dominant personality, a leader who nurtured programmers. But no company can keep such a leader forever. Either he cashes out, or he brings in management types who end up driving him out, or he changes and becomes a management type himself. One way or another, marketers get control. But...control of what? Instead of finding assembly lines of productive workers, they quickly discover that their product is produced by utterly unpredictable, uncooperative, disobedient, and worst of all, unattractive people who resist all attempts at management. Put them on a time clock, dress them in suits, and they become sullen and start sabotaging the product. Worst of all, you can sense that they are making fun of you with every word they say.
SMOKED OUT
The shock is greater for the coder, though. He suddenly finds that alien creatures control his life. Meetings, Schedules, Reports. And now someone demands that he PLAN all his programming and then stick to the plan, never improving, never tweaking, and never, never touching some other team's code. The lousy young programmer who once worshiped him is now his tyrannical boss, a position he got because he played golf with some sphincter in a suit. The hive has been ruined. The best coders leave. And the marketers, comfortable now because they're surrounded by power neckties and they have things under control, are baffled that each new iteration of their software loses market share as the code bloats and the bugs proliferate. Got to get some better packaging. Yeah, that's it.