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Active Record Basics 1 What is Active Record?

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version: rails 4

 

概要

 

  • ORM和Active Record是什么?以及他们在Rails中是怎样使用的?
  • Active Record如何融入到MVC框架中?
  • 如何使用Active Record模型在关系型数据库中来操作数据的存储?
  • Active Record模式命名的规则。
  • 数据库迁移,验证和回滚的概念。

 

1 What is Active Record?

什么是Active Record?

 

Active Record 是MVC中的M—模型,它是系统的一个层,主要职责是实现业务数据和逻辑。Active Record用来对业务对象的创建和使用,它的数据需要持久性地存储至数据库中。Active Record模式的一种实现方式可以这样来描述,它是一个ORM对象关系映射系统。

 

1.1 The Active Record Pattern

Active Record模式

 

Active Record was described by Martin Fowler 在他的书《企业应用架构模式》中。在Active Record中,对象拥有持久性数据和行为,其行为就是操作数据。 Active Record觉得受保护的数据存储逻辑是对象的一部分,将会让用户学习到对于那个对象如何从数据库中去写入和读取。

 

1.2 Object Relational Mapping

对象关系映射

 

通常简写为ORM,对象关系映射,ORM是一个技术,它联系应用程序的富对象与关系数据库系统中的数据表。使用ORM,在一个应用程序中对象的属性和关联性能够被简单地从数据库中保存和获取,而不需要直接写SQL语句,以及较少的数据库存取代码。

 

1.3 Active Record as an ORM Framework

Active Record 是作为一个ORM的框架

 

Active Record给我们提供了一些机制,下面是最重要的特征:

  • 描述models和他们的数据。
  • 描述这些models之间的关联性。
  • 描述这些相关联的models之间的继承关系。
  • 在models被持久性地保存到数据库之前,验证models。
  • 以面向对象的方式执行数据库操作。

 

 

 

original text: http://guides.rubyonrails.org/active_record_basics.html

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