应用环境安装部署手册

1.Linux常用命令2

2.一块网卡绑定多个IP3

3.安装JDK4

4.安装Tomcat4

5.安装Nginx5

6.安装Apache FtpServer5

7.安装memcached6

9.安装ffmpeg7

10.Nginx双机故障转移shell脚本8


1.Linux常用命令

查看编辑文本文件,用图形化的gedit

gedit /filepath



查看环境变量

env



设置别名

alias  别名='原命令'

如: alias startTomcat='/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh'



查看当前所在目录

pwd



查看磁盘空间使用情况

df



列出所有文件，包括隐藏文件

ls -l –a



设置所有用户都具有读写权限

chmod 777 /data/www/index.html

递归下级目录

chmod -R 777 /data/www



设置文件为可执行

chmod 755 /home/oracle/startOracle.sh

或者chmod +x /home/oracle/startOracle.sh



改变文件所有者

chown user:usergroup /path

chown -R user:usergroup /path



查看进程，并用正则过滤

ps -ef | grep java



杀死进程

kill -9 pid

pkill -9 process_name

如: pkill -9 java , pkill -9 nginx



动态更新显示文件内容,查看不断变化的文件

tail -f /usr/local/tomcat/log/catalina.out



删除文件及递归删除子目录

rm /filepath

rm -rf /path



查找文件

find /path -name *.swf



I/O重定向

如将查找到的结果输出到abc.txt

find /home/oracle -name *.jsp > abc.txt



压缩解压

（1).tar.gz

     解压：tar zxvf  abc.tar.gz

     压缩：tar czvf  abc.tar.gz    path



（2）.tar

     压缩: tar xvf abc.tar path

     解压: tar zxvf  abc.tar



（3）.bz

     解压：bzip –d  abc.bz



（4）.bz2

     解压：bzip2 –d  abc.bz2



（5）.gz

     解压：gzip –d  abc.gz



（6）.tar.bz2

     解压：tar  jxvf  abc.tar.bz2

     压缩：tar  jcvf  abc.tar.bz2 path



2.一块网卡绑定多个IP

#绑定多个ip

/sbin/ifconfig eth0:1 192.168.1.40 broadcast 192.168.1.255 netmask 255.255.255.0 up

/sbin/route add -host 192.168.1.40 dev eth0:1

/sbin/arping -I eth0 -c 3 -s 192.168.1.40 192.168.1.1



# setting DNS

gedit /etc/resolv.conf



# setting Gateway

route add default gw 192.168.1.1

3.安装JDK

安装jdk

chmod 755 jdk-xxx.bin

./jdk-xxx.bin

mv jdk-xxx /usr/local/jdk



设置环境变量

编辑 /etc/profile or ~/.bash_profile or ~/.bashrc

----------/etc/profile---------------------------

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk

export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre

export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JRE_HOME/lib

export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

------------end----------------------------------

使环境变量立即生效

source /etc/profile



检查是否安装成功,如下命令查看JDK版本

java -version



解决Java GUI程序乱码问题

cd $JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/fonts

mkdir fallback

cd fallback

#把某个中文字体链接进 fallback 目录，这里文泉驿字体

cp /path_of_wqyttf wqy-zenhei.ttf

mkfontdir

mkfontscale



4.安装Tomcat

tar zxvf apache-tomcat-xxx.tar.gz

mv apache-tomcat-xxx /usr/local/tomcat

cp -rf /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/* /data/www



使tomcat当前窗口运行

/usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh



tomcat后台运行

/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh

查看后台运行的tomcat输出日志

tail -f /usr/local/tomcat/logs/catalina.out



开机运行tomcat

-----------/etc/rc.d/rc.local----------------------

/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh

----------end--------------------------------------



5.安装Nginx



安装依赖包

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf automake

yum -y install zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel



编译安装

tar zxvf nginx-xxxx.tar.gz

cd nginx-xxxx

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \

            --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

make &&  make install



启动Nginx

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx



关闭Nginx

pkill -9 nginx



命令太长，创建简单点的别名

----------~/.bash_profile---------------------

alias startnginx="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"

alias killnginx="pkill -9 nginx"

---------end----------------------------------

生效

source ~/.bash_profile



6.安装Apache FtpServer

Apache FtpServer纯Java开发，安装配置非常简单

tar zxvf ftpserver-1.0.5.tar.gz

mv ftpserver-xxx /usr/local/ftpserver



配置文件为res/conf/ftpd-typical.xml, 密码存储在res/conf/user.properties

如下示例使用明文存储密码，也可以使用MD5加密

---------------ftpd-typical.xml-------------------------------------

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<server xmlns="http://mina.apache.org/ftpserver/spring/v1"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://mina.apache.org/ftpserver/spring/v1 http://mina.apache.org/ftpserver/ftpserver-1.0.xsd"

id="myServer"

anon-enabled="false"

max-logins="5" 

max-anon-logins="0" 

max-login-failures="3" 

login-failure-delay="30000">

<listeners>

<nio-listener name="default" port="21">

   <ssl>

                <keystore file="./res/ftpserver.jks" password="password" />

            </ssl>

</nio-listener>

</listeners>

<file-user-manager file="./res/conf/users.properties"

                         encrypt-passwords="clear"/>

</server>

-------------------end---------------------------------

注意encrypt-passwords属性，clear表示明文，md5表示使用MD5加密



-------------------user.properties----------------------

# Password is "ftp",明文填写

ftpserver.user.ftp.userpassword=ftp

ftpserver.user.ftp.homedirectory=/data/ftp

ftpserver.user.ftp.enableflag=true

ftpserver.user.ftp.writepermission=true

ftpserver.user.ftp.maxloginnumber=0

ftpserver.user.ftp.maxloginperip=0

ftpserver.user.ftp.idletime=0

ftpserver.user.ftp.uploadrate=0

ftpserver.user.ftp.downloadrate=0

---------------end-----------------------------------



后台启动

nohup /usr/local/ftpserver/bin/ftpd.sh res/conf/ftpd-typical.xml 2>&1 > /dev/null &



开机启动,在/etc/rc.d/rc.local中添加命令

-------------/etc/rc.d/rc.local------------------------------

nohup /usr/local/ftpserver/bin/ftpd.sh res/conf/ftpd-typical.xml 2>&1 > /dev/null &

--------------end--------------------------------------------



7.安装memcached

wget http://monkey.org/~provos/libevent-1.4.14b-stable.tar.gz

tar zxvf libevent-1.4.14b-stable.tar.gz

cd libevent-1.4.14b-stable

./configure && make && make install



wget http://memcached.googlecode.com/files/memcached-1.4.5.tar.gz

tar zxvf memcached-1.4.5.tar.gz

cd memcached-1.4.5

./configure && make && make install



启动Memcached

/usr/local/bin/memcached -d -m 512 -u root -l 192.168.1.68 -p 11211 -c 256 -P /tmp/memcached.pid

参数说明： -d 启动为守护进程

-m <num> 分配给Memcached使用的内存数量，单位是MB，默认为64MB

-u <username> 运行Memcached的用户，仅当作为root运行时

-l <ip_addr> 监听的服务器IP地址，默认为环境变量INDRR_ANY的值

-p <num> 设置Memcached监听的端口，最好是1024以上的端口

-c <num> 设置最大并发连接数，默认为1024

-P <file> 设置保存Memcached的pid文件，与-d选择同时使用



关闭Memcached

kill `/tmp/memcached.pid`

或者

pkill -9 memcached



9.安装ffmpeg

#下载需要的解码器

wget http://liba52.sourceforge.net/files/a52dec-0.7.4.tar.gz

wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/faac/faad2-2.6.1.tar.gz

wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/faac/faac-1.26.tar.gz

wget http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/lame/lame-3.97.tar.gz

wget http://www.tortall.net/projects/yasm/releases/yasm-0.7.0.tar.gz

wget ftp://ftp.videolan.org/pub/videolan/x264/snapshots/x264-snapshot-20101207-2245.tar.bz2

wget http://downloads.xvid.org/downloads/xvidcore-1.1.3.tar.gz

wget http://down1.chinaunix.net/distfiles/libdts-0.0.2.tar.gz



#解压

for i in *.tar.gz; do tar -xzvf "$i"; done

for i in *.tar.bz2; do tar -xjvf "$i"; done



#安装的参数

a52dec: ./configure --enable-shared=PKGS && make && make install

faac & faad2: ./bootstrap && ./configure && make && make install

xvidcore: cd build/generic; ./configure && make && make install

libx264: ./configure && make && make install

lame & yasm: ./configure && make && make install



#编译安装

./configure --enable-gpl  --enable-postproc --enable-nonfree --enable-postproc --enable-libfaad --enable-swscale --enable-avfilter --enable-pthreads --enable-libxvid --enable-libx264 --enable-libmp3lame  --enable-libfaac --disable-ffserver --disable-ffplay



#设置环境变量

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib



#检查是否安装成功，如下命令查看支持的文件格式

ffmpeg -formats



#如果出现没有权限的错误，执行如下命令

chcon -t texrel_shlib_t   xxxx.so.xx



#转换成480x320尺寸大小的h.264格式视频

ffmpeg -i source.avi -acodec libfaac -ab 128k -ac 2 -vcodec libx264 -s 480x320 -vpre slow -crf 22 -threads 0 newfile.mp4



10.Nginx双机故障转移shell脚本

------------nginx_ha1.sh-------------------------------

#!/bin/sh

LANG=C

date=$(date -d "today" +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")



#虚拟IP1

vip1=192.168.1.40



#虚拟IP2

vip2=192.168.1.41



#广播IP

broadcast_ip=192.168.1.255



#真实IP1

real_ip1=192.168.1.35



#真实IP2

real_ip2=192.168.1.36



#网关IP

gw_ip=192.168.1.1



#绑定虚拟IP1

function_bind_vip1()

{

    /sbin/ifconfig eth0:ha1 ${vip1} broadcast ${broadcast_ip} netmask 255.255.255.0 up

    /sbin/route add -host ${vip1} dev eth0:ha1

}



#绑定虚拟IP2

function_bind_vip2()

{

    /sbin/ifconfig eth0:ha2 ${vip2} broadcast ${broadcast_ip} netmask 255.255.255.0 up

    /sbin/route add -host ${vip2} dev eth0:ha2

}



#重启Nginx

function_restart_nginx(){

   pkill -9 nginx

   /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

}



#移除虚拟IP1

function_remove_vip1()

{

    /sbin/ifconfig eth0:ha1 ${vip1} broadcast ${broadcast_ip} netmask 255.255.255.0 down

}



#移除虚拟IP2

function_remove_vip2()

{

    /sbin/ifconfig eth0:ha2 ${vip2} broadcast ${broadcast_ip} netmask 255.255.255.0 down

}



#虚拟IP1 ARPing

function_vip_arping1()

{

  /sbin/arping -I eth0 -c 3 -s ${vip1} ${gw_ip} > /dev/null 2>&1

}



#虚拟IP1 ARPing

function_vip_arping2()

{

  /sbin/arping -I eth0 -c 3 -s ${vip2} ${gw_ip} > /dev/null 2>&1

}



bind_time_vip1="N";



bind_time_vip2="N";



while true

do

    httpcode_rip1='/usr/bin/curl -o /dev/null -s -w %{http_code} http://${real_ip1}'

    httpcode_rip2='/usr/bin/curl -o /dev/null -s -w %{http_code} http://${real_ip2}'





    if [x$httpcocde_rip1 == "x200" ];

    then

        if [ $bind_time_vip1 == "N" ] ;

        then

             function_bind_vip1

             function_vip_arping1

             function_restart_nginx

             bind_time_vip1="Y"

        fi

        function_vip_arping1

    else

       if [ $bind_time_vip1 == "Y" ] ;

       then

             function_remove_vip1

             bind_time_vip1="N"

       fi

    fi



    if [x$httpcocde_rip2 == "x200" ];

    then

       if [ $bind_time_vip2 == "Y" ] ;

       then

             function_remove_vip2

             bind_time_vip1="N"

       fi

    else

        if [ $bind_time_vip2 == "N" ] ;

        then

             function_bind_vip2

             function_vip_arping2

             function_restart_nginx

             bind_time_vip2="Y"



        fi

        function_vip_arping2

    fi



    sleep 5

done



--------------end----------------------------------------------------





nginx_ha2.sh的内容，只需要交换vip1和vip2的地址





分别在2台Nginx服务器上运行脚本,如下为使脚本后台运行的命令

nohup /path/nginx_ha1.sh 2>&1 > /dev/null &