nginx的几点优化

在calomel.org这个网站上看到关于nginx的几个优化，觉得比较有用，并且能够方便大家配置nginx，所以翻译过来。

1. nginx关于服务静态文件的配置

我们的目标是配置一个服务最快且cpu/io利用最有效的服务器，更重要的是一个安全的web服务器，下面的配置文件适用于最新版nginx。

 写道

#######################################################
### Calomel.org /etc/nginx.conf BEGIN
#######################################################
#
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
user nginx nginx;
worker_processes 2;

events {
worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
## MIME types
include mime.types;
# types {
# image/gif gif;
# image/jpeg jpg;
# image/png png;
# image/bmp bmp;
# image/x-icon ico;
# text/css css;
# text/html html;
# text/plain bob;
# text/plain txt;
}
default_type application/octet-stream;

## Size Limits
client_body_buffer_size 8k;
client_header_buffer_size 1k;
client_max_body_size 1k;
large_client_header_buffers 1 1k;

## Timeouts
client_body_timeout 5;
client_header_timeout 5;
keepalive_timeout 5 5;
send_timeout 5;

## General Options
ignore_invalid_headers on;
limit_zone gulag $binary_remote_addr 1m;
recursive_error_pages on;
sendfile on;
server_name_in_redirect off;
server_tokens off;

## TCP options
tcp_nodelay on;
tcp_nopush on;

## Compression
gzip on;
gzip_static on;
gzip_buffers 16 8k;
gzip_comp_level 9;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_min_length 0;
gzip_types text/plain text/html text/css image/x-icon image/bmp;
gzip_vary on;

## Log Format
log_format main '$remote_addr $host $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" "$gzip_ratio"';

## Deny access to any host other than (www.)mydomain.com
server {
server_name _; #default
return 444;
}

## Server (www.)mydomain.com
server {
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main buffer=32k;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log info;
expires 31d;
limit_conn gulag 5;
listen 127.0.0.1:8080 rcvbuf=64k backlog=128;
root /disk01/htdocs;
server_name mydomain.com www.mydomain;

## SSL Options (only enable if you use a SSL certificate)
# ssl on;
# ssl_certificate /ssl_keys/mydomain.com_ssl.crt;
# ssl_certificate_key /ssl_keys/mydomain_ssl.key;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!ADH:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# ssl_protocols SSLv3;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;

## Only allow GET and HEAD request methods
if ($request_method !~ ^(GET|HEAD)$ ) {
return 444;
}

## Deny illegal Host headers
if ($host !~* ^(mydomain.com|www.mydomain.com)$ ) {
return 444;
}

## Deny certain User-Agents (case insensitive)
## The ~* makes it case insensitive as opposed to just a ~
if ($http_user_agent ~* (Baiduspider|Jullo) ) {
return 444;
}

## Deny certain Referers (case insensitive)
## The ~* makes it case insensitive as opposed to just a ~
if ($http_referer ~* (babes|click|diamond|forsale|girl|jewelry|love|nudit|organic|poker|porn|poweroversoftware|sex|teen|video|webcam|zippo) ) {
return 444;
}

## Redirect from www to non-www
if ($host = 'www.mydomain.com' ) {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://mydomain.com/$1 permanent;
}

## Stop Image and Document Hijacking
location ~* (\.jpg|\.png|\.css)$ {
if ($http_referer !~ ^(http://mydomain.com) ) {
return 444;
}
}

## Restricted Access directory
location ^~ /secure/ {
allow 127.0.0.1/32;
allow 10.10.10.0/24;
deny all;
auth_basic "RESTRICTED ACCESS";
auth_basic_user_file /var/www/htdocs/secure/access_list;
}

## Only allow these file types to document root
location / {
if ($request_uri ~* (^\/|\.html|\.jpg|\.org|\.png|\.css|favicon\.ico|robots\.txt)$ ) {
break;
}
return 444;
}

## Serve an empty 1x1 gif _OR_ an error 204 (No Content) for favicon.ico
location = /favicon.ico {
#empty_gif;
return 204;
}

## System Maintenance (Service Unavailable)
if (-f $document_root/system_maintenance.html ) {
error_page 503 /system_maintenance.html;
return 503;
}

## All other errors get the generic error page
error_page 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417
500 501 502 503 504 505 /error_page.html;
location /error_page.html {
internal;
}
}
}
#
#######################################################
### Calomel.org /etc/nginx.conf END
#######################################################

 

2. nginx关于对后端服务器的反向代理配置

有三个后端服务，一个为web内容服务，一个是论坛服务，一个为文件服务。

 

当一个请求来时，nginx代理服务器其查看url把请求定向到相应的服务器，这个配置也缓冲文件服务的内容，但是论坛的和数据下载的内容就不缓存了，这个配置也使用了压缩，更好的节省内存

 写道

#######################################################
### Calomel.org /etc/nginx.conf BEGIN
#######################################################
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
user nginx nginx;
worker_processes 10;

events {
worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
## MIME types
#include /etc/nginx_mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;

## Size Limits
client_body_buffer_size 128K;
client_header_buffer_size 128K;
client_max_body_size 1M;
large_client_header_buffers 1 1k;

## Timeouts
client_body_timeout 60;
client_header_timeout 60;
expires 24h;
keepalive_timeout 60 60;
send_timeout 60;

## General Options
ignore_invalid_headers on;
keepalive_requests 100;
limit_zone gulag $binary_remote_addr 5m;
recursive_error_pages on;
sendfile on;
server_name_in_redirect off;
server_tokens off;

## TCP options
tcp_nodelay on;
tcp_nopush on;

## Compression
gzip on;
gzip_buffers 16 8k;
gzip_comp_level 6;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_min_length 0;
gzip_types text/plain text/css image/x-icon application/x-perl application/x-httpd-cgi;
gzip_vary on;

## Log Format
log_format main '$remote_addr $host $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" '
'"$gzip_ratio"';

## Proxy options
proxy_buffering on;
proxy_cache_min_uses 3;
proxy_cache_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp/ levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache:10m inactive=10m max_size=1000M;
proxy_cache_valid any 10m;
proxy_ignore_client_abort off;
proxy_intercept_errors on;
proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
proxy_connect_timeout 60;
proxy_send_timeout 60;
proxy_read_timeout 60;

## Backend servers (web1 is the primary and web2 will come up if web1 is down)
upstream webbackend {
server web1.domain.lan weight=10 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
server web2.domain.lan weight=1 backup;
}

server {
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
index index.html;
limit_conn gulag 50;
listen 127.0.0.1:80 default;
root /usr/local/nginx/html;
server_name _;

## Only requests to our Host are allowed
if ($host !~ ^(mydomain.com|www.mydomain.com)$ ) {
return 444;
}

## Only allow these request methods
if ($request_method !~ ^(GET|HEAD|POST)$ ) {
return 444;
}

## Only allow these file types to document root
location / {
if ($request_uri ~* (^\/|\.html|\.jpg|\.pl|\.png|\.css|\.ico|robots\.txt)$ ) {
break;
}
return 444;
}

## PROXY - Forum
location /forum/ {
proxy_pass http://forum.domain.lan/forum/;
}

## PROXY - Data
location /files/ {
proxy_pass http://data.domain.lan/;
}

## PROXY - Web
location / {
proxy_pass http://webbackend;
proxy_cache cache;
proxy_cache_valid 200 24h;
proxy_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header updating http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;
proxy_ignore_headers Expires Cache-Control;
}

## All other errors get the generic error page
error_page 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417
500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 /error_page.html;
location /error_page.html {
internal;
}
}
}
#
#######################################################
### Calomel.org /etc/nginx.conf END
#######################################################