《Falcon 初印象》幻灯分享

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Python Spring 编程 Lua C#

http://laiyonghao.com

今天（五月三日）下午，与@qichangxing,@phaytsukiming,@heyFluke,@linluxiang,@vonbo,@qingliangcn,@benky52 等约13人在广州红专厂艺术区的黑胶咖啡馆聚会。大家可以通过 #GZTechParty 这个 tag 在 twitter 上看这个过程。

我做了个小演讲，跟大家介绍了一下 Falcon 这一门小众的编程语言，以下是分享的 PPT。

发表发现 csdn blog 还是不能显示 swf，请大家跳转到这里查看幻灯。

以下是大纲

====================================

Falcon 初印象赖勇浩 2010.5.3
特性
- 开源
- 简单
- 快速
- 强大
我最讨厌 python 的 GIL
- Falcon 完全支持多线程编程
- 每条线程都运行在一个单独的 VM 上
我最讨厌 python 不支持协程
- 不完全支持
- Falcon 支持
大家都讨厌 python 的速度
- Falcon 要快得多
- Raw VM loop speed：1023
- - Python：442|340
- - Lua：1247
- Raw VM loop speed
- - int a = 0;
- - for( int i = 0; i < 100000000; i++ ) a = a + 1;
第一行代码
- number = 0
- 数 = 0
stdout
- print
- printl
- >>
- >
if/elif/else 语句
- if expression
- - statements...
- elif expression
- - statements...
- elif expression
- - statements...
- /* other elifs */
- else
- - statements...
- end
逻辑操作符
- and
- or
- not
- not 优先级最高
三元表达式
- <condition> ? <if true> [ : <if false>]
switch 语句
- switch expression
- - case item [, item, .. item ]
- - - statements...
- - case item [, item, .. item ]
- - - statements...
- - /* other cases */
- - default
- - - statements...
- end
- print( "Enter your age: >" )
- age = int( input() )
- switch age
- - case 1 to 5
- - - printl( "You are too young to program. Maybe." )
- - case 6, 7, 8
- - - printl( "You may already be a great Falcon programmer." )
- - case 9, 10
- - - printl( "You are ready to become a programmer." )
- - default
- - - printl( "What are you waiting for? Start programming NOW" )
- end
- switch month
- - case nil
- - - > "Undefined"
- - case "Jan", "Feb", "Mar"(P43)
- - - > "Winter"
- - case "Apr", "May", "Jun"
- - - > "Spring"
- - case "Jul", "Aug", "Sep"
- - - > "Summer"
- - default
- - - > "Autumn"
- end
甚至是……
- switch func
- - case print
- - - printl( "It was a print !!!" )
- - case printl
- - - printl( "It was a printl !!!" )
- - case MyObject
- - - printl( "The value of func is the same of MyObject" )
- end
select 语句
- select variable
- - case TypeSpec
- - - ...statements...
- - case TypeSpec1 , TypeSpec2 , ..., TypeSpecN
- - - ...statements...
- - default
- - - ...statements...
- end
- select param
- - case IntegerType, NumericType
- - - return "number"
- - case StringType: return "string"
- - case Test2: return "class test2"
- - case Test: return "class test"
- - case Instance: return "instance obj"
- - default : return "something else"
- end
while 语句
- while expression
- - statements...
- - [break]
- - statements...
- - [continue]
- - statements...
- end
loop 语句
- count = 0
- loop
- - > ++ count
- end count == 100
- 哦，跟 do...while 语句一样……
for/in 循环
- 嗯……其实很多语言都有……它的只是太强大了……
- for variable[,variable...] in collection
- - ...statements...
- - [break | continue | continue dropping]
- - ...statements...
- - forfirst
- - - ... first time only statements ...
- - end
- - formiddle
- - - ... statements executed between element processing ...
- - end
- - forlast
- - - ... last time only statements ...
- - end
- end
continue dropping
- array = [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]
- for elem in array
- - if elem % 2 == 1
- - - continue dropping
- - end
- - printl( "We accepted the even number: ", elem )
- end
dot-assign
- for elem in array
- - .= 0 // sets all the array elements to zero...
- - printl(elem) // ... but prints the original items
- end
For/in ranges
- for value in [1:10]
- - printl( value )
- end
- for value in [ 0: 11: 2 ]
- - > value
- end
For/to loops
- for variable = lowerbound to upperbound [, step]
- - // for/to body, same as for/in
- end
- for i = 1 to 10
- - forfirst: >> "Starting: "
- - >> i
- - formiddle: >> ", "
- - forlast: > "."
- end
- for i = 2 to 10, 2
- - > i
- end
const
- const name = immediate_value
enum
- enum Seasons
- - spring
- - summer
- - autumn
- - winter
- end
- > Seasons.spring // 0
- enum Seasons
- - spring = 1 // 1
- - summer // 2
- - midsummer = "So hot..." // "So hot..."
- - endsummer // 3 (string skipped)
- - autumn = 10.12 // 10.12
- - winter // 11
- end
基本数据类型
- Array
- String
- Dictionary
- List
Array
- array = ["person", 1, 3.5, int( "123" ), var1 ]
- array = "person", 1, 3.5, int( "123" ), var1
- a2 = .[ 1 2 3 4 'a' 'b' var1 + var2 var3 * var4 .[x y z]]
- a, b, c = 1, 2, 3
- array = 1, 2, 3
- a, b, c = array
range
- R=[n : m] means "all items from n to m-1"
String
- string = "Hello world"
- longString = "
- - Aye, matey, this is a very long string.
- - Let me tell you about my remembering
- - of when men were men, women were women,
- - and life was so great.“
- iStr = '
- - 国際ストリング
- - 国際ストリング
- - ‘
- > 'Hello ''quoted'' world!' // Will print "Hello 'quoted' world"
- 基础特性跟 C 字符串相似
String replication
- sep = "-~*~-" * 12
- > sep
- > " "*25 + "Hello there!"
- > sep
String-to-number concatenation
- string = "Value: " + 100
- > string // prints "Value: 100"
- string = "Value: " % 64
- > string // prints "Value: A"
- string %= 0x3B2
- > string // "Value: Aβ"
- d_letter = "a" / 3 // chr( ord('a') + 3) == 'd'
- a_letter = d_letter / -3 // chr( ord('d') - 3) == 'a'
- > a_letter, ", ", d_letter
String expansion operator
- value = 1000
- printl( @ "Value is $value" )
- array = [ 100, 200, 300 ]
- printl( @ "Array is $array[0], $array[1], $array[2]" )
- printl( @ "The selected value is $(array[ value ])." )
- dict = [ "a" => 1, "b" => 2]
- > @ "A is $(dict['a']), and B is $(dict["b"])"
Dictionary
- dict = [ => ] // creates an empty dictionary
- dict = [ "a" => 123, "b" => "onetwothree" ]
- printl( dict["a"] ,":", dict["b"] ) // 123:onetwothree
- a = [ 1=>'1', 2=>'2', "alpha"=>0, "beta"=>1 ]
List
- deque
- 高效的两端操作
- l = List( "a", "b", "c" )
- > "Elements in list: ", l.len()
- > "First element: ", l.front()
- > "Last element: ", l.back()
- l.pushFront( "newFront" )
- > "New first element: ", l.front()
- l.push( "newBack" )
- > "New first element: ", l.back()
- l.popFront()
- l.pop()
- > "Element count now: ", l.len()
in/notin
- name = input()
- if "abba" in name
- - printl( "Your name contains a famous pop group name" )
- end
- dict = [ "one" => 1 ]
- if "one" in dict
- - printl( "always true" )
- end
- if "abba" notin name
- - printl( "Your name does not contain a famous pop group name" )
- end
Memory buffers
- memory = MemBuf( 5, 2 ) // creates a table of 5 elements, each 2 bytes long.
- for value in [0:5]
- - memory[ value ] = value * 256
- end
Bitwise operators
- &&
- ||
- ^^
- ~
- <<
- >>
- &= |= ^=
- <<= >>=
- value = 0x1 || 0x2 // or bits 0 and 1
- // display binary:
- > @"$(value:b)b = $(value:X)H = $value"
- value = value && 0x1 // turns off bit 2
- > @"$(value:b)b = $(value:X)H = $value"
- value = ~value && 0xFFFF // Shows first 2 bytes of reversed value
- > @"$(value:b)b = $(value:X)H = $value"
- value = value ^^ 0x3 // turns off bit 2 and on bit 1
- > @"$(value:b)b = $(value:X)H = $value"
函数
- function do_something( parameter )
- - printl( "Hey, this is a function saying: ", parameter )
- end
- return nil
- function square( x )
- - y = x * x
- - return y
- end
递归
- function sum_of_first( x )
- - if x > 1
- - - return x + sum_of_first( x - 1 )
- - end
- - return x
- end
Local and global variable names
- sqr = 1.41
- function square( x )
- - printl( "sqr was: ", sqr )
- - sqr = x * x
- - return sqr
- end
- number = square( 8 ) * sqr
- function square_in_z( x )
- - global z
- - z = x * x
- end
- z = 0
- square_in_z( 8 )
- printl( z ) // 64
- function say_something()
- - static
- - - data = [ "have", "a", "nice", "day" ]
- - - current = 0
- - end
- - if current == len( data )
- - - return
- - end
- - element = data[current]
- - current += 1
- - return element
- end
Anonymous and nested functions
- innerfunc
- var = innerfunc ( [param1, param2, ..., paramN] )
- - [static block]
- - [statements]
- end
- square = innerfunc ( a )
- - return a * a
- end
- printl( "Square of 10: ", square( 10 ) )
Function closure
- function keyword
- function makeMultiplier( operand )
- - multiplier = function( value )
- - - return value * operand
- - end
- - return multiplier
- end
- m2 = makeMultiplier( 2 ) // ... by 2
- > m2( 100 ) // will be 200
- m4 = makeMultiplier( 4 ) // ... by 4
- > m4( 100 ) // will be 400
Codeblocks
- 匿名函数的语法糖
- lambda 表达式
- block = { [p1, p2..., pn] => expression }
- // or
- block = { [p1, p2..., pn] =>
- - statement
- - ...
- }
- printl( {a, b => a + b}(2,2) )
Callable arrays
- array 的第一个元素是函数，即为 callable array
- printl( "Hello world" )
- [printl]( "Hello world" )
- [printl, "Hello"]( " world" )
- [printl, "Hello", " ", "world"]()
- i = 0
- icall = .[printl $i ": "]
- for i in [0:10]: icall( "Looping..." )
Accessing the calling context
- fself keyword
- caller keyword
- function recurse( val )
- - if val <= 0: return 1
- - > recurse.caller(), ":", val // or fself.caller()
- - return recurse( val-1 ) + val
- end
- recurse( 5 )
Non positional parameters
- function f( alpha, beta, gamma )
- - > @"alpha: $alpha"
- - > @"beta : $beta"
- - > @"gamma: $gamma"
- end
- f( gamma| "a" + "b" + "c", beta|"b-value" )
- future bindings
- future_beta = beta|"b-value"
- future_gamma = lbind( "gamma", "a" + "b" + "c" )
- f( future_gamma, future_beta )
- The lbind function can create late and future bindings;
- f( non_existing|"value" ) // raises an error!
object
- object object_name [ from class1, class2 ... classN]
- - property_1 = expression
- - property_2 = expression
- - ...
- - property_N = expression
- - [init block]
- - function method_1( [parameter_list] )
- - - [method_body]
- - end
- - ...
- - function method_N( [parameter_list] )
- - - [method_body]
- - end
- end
object 就是单件模式？
class
- class class_name[ ( param_list ) ] [ from inh1[, inh2, ..., inhN] ]
- - [ static block ]
- - [ properties declaration ]
- - [init block]
- - [method list]
- end
- class mailbox( max_msg )
- - capacity = max_msg * 10
- - name = nil
- - messages = []
- - init
- - - printl( "Box now ready for ", self.capacity, " messages." )
- - end
- - function slot_left()
- - - return self.max_msg - len( self.messages )
- - end
- end
Property accessors
- __set_propname/__get_propname
- class Series( values )
- - values = values
- - function __get_mean()
- - - sum = 0
- - - for i in self.values: sum += i
- - - return sum / self.values.len()
- - end
- end
- s = Series( [14,53,18,8] )
- > "The mean is: ", s.mean // 23.25
- class parent1( p )
- end
- class parent2( p )
- end
- class child(p1, p2) from parent1( p1 ), parent2( p2 )
- - init
- - - > "Initializing child with ", p1, " and ", p2
- - end
- end
- instance = child( "First", "Second" )
Private members
- _
- object privateer
- - _private = 0
- - function getPrivate(): return self._private
- - function setPrivate(value): self._private = value
- end
Operator overloading
- class OverPlus( initValue )
- - numval = initValue
- - function add__( operand )
- - - return OverPlus( self.numval + operand )
- - end
- end
- op = OverPlus( 10 )
- nop = op + 10
- > nop.numval //: 20
Comparison overloading
- Comparison operators, namely <, >, <=, >=, == and != all refer to the same overloaded method: compare.
- 没有 __ 结尾
- class CmpOver( val )
- - number = val
- - function compare( oper )
- - - if oper provides number
- - - - return self.number - oper.number
- - - elif oper.typeId() == NumericType or oper.typeId() == IntegerType
- - - - return self.number - oper
- - - end
- - - return nil
- - end
- end
- ten = CmpOver( 10 )
- > "Is ten > 5? ", ten > 5
- > "Is ten != 3? ", ten != 3
- > "Is ten <= 10? ", ten <= 10
- > "Is ten > an array? ", ten > [1,2,3]
Subscript overloading
- []
- getIndex__
- setIndex__
Automatic string conversion
- toString method
Error recovery
- try
- - [try statements]
- - [ catch [object_type] [ in error_variable] ]
- - [ catch statements ]
- end
- raise keyword
Thank you!
- @laiyonghao
- http://laiyonghao.com