Redis HA 配置

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nosql redis sentinel

Sentinel简介
Redis HA 需要用到Redis的Sentinel模块，该模块的稳定版自2.8之后集成在Redis的发行版中，因此不需要单独安装。
Sentinel的特点
监控：持续检查Redis集群中Master Slave节点的健康状态；
通知：当节点有错误时通知使用者，管理员；
自动故障转移：当Master节点故障时，自动从Slave节点选择一个作为Master，其他Slave配置为新的Slave，通知客户端新的Master节点；
配置支持：client都从这里获取认证和连接的地址；
Sentinel本身也是集群，在每个Master Slave节点都启动一个Sentinel。
配置指南
配置Master-Slave集群
Sentinel集群要求最少要3个节点，因此这里配置3个节点，一个Master两个Slave
Master：10.111.134.44:6379
Slave1：10.111.134.7:6379
Slave2：10.111.134.55:6379
配置文件
示例如下：
daemonize yes
pidfile /var/run/redis/redis-server.pid
port 6379
bind 0.0.0.0
timeout 0
tcp-keepalive 0
loglevel notice
logfile /var/log/redis/redis-server.log
databases 16
save 900 1
save 300 10
save 60 10000
stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes
rdbcompression yes
rdbchecksum yes
dbfilename dump.rdb
dir /var/lib/redis
slaveof 10.111.134.44 6379
min-slaves-to-write 1
min-slaves-max-lag 10
slave-serve-stale-data yes
slave-read-only yes
repl-disable-tcp-nodelay no
slave-priority 100
appendonly no
appendfilename "appendonly.aof"
appendfsync everysec
no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no
auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100
auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb
lua-time-limit 5000
slowlog-log-slower-than 10000
slowlog-max-len 128
notify-keyspace-events ""
hash-max-ziplist-entries 512
hash-max-ziplist-value 64
set-max-intset-entries 512
zset-max-ziplist-entries 128
zset-max-ziplist-value 64
activerehashing yes
client-output-buffer-limit normal 0 0 0
client-output-buffer-limit slave 256mb 64mb 60
client-output-buffer-limit pubsub 32mb 8mb 60
hz 10
aof-rewrite-incremental-fsync yes
注意这几行配置：
bind 0.0.0.0 # 绑定任何网卡
slaveof 10.111.134.44 6379 # master不需要配置这行
min-slaves-to-write 1 # 当slave1个都连不上时，master拒绝连接
min-slaves-max-lag 10 # 连不上slave的超时时间10秒
配置Sentinel
每个节点均需要配置Sentinel，但配置相同
# 指定端口
port 26379

# 监控master节点(10.111.134.44)的6379端口，2表示如果两个节点都不能连接到master，则认为master已经宕机
sentinel monitor master1 10.111.134.44 6379 2
# 如果5秒之内master不能连接，则认定master已经宕机
sentinel down-after-milliseconds master1 5000
# 故障转移超时
sentinel failover-timeout master1 180000
# 同时同步的slave节点个数
sentinel parallel-syncs master1 1
启动
启动Redis
$ sudo /etc/init.d/redis-server start
Starting redis-server: redis-server.
启动Sentinel

$ sudo /home/sensu/redis-3.0.1/src/redis-sentinel /etc/redis/sentinel.conf
20561:X 29 Dec 16:43:35.366 # Sentinel runid is 82decae77e954ca8fe14ebde0da937afbadc0688
20561:X 29 Dec 16:43:35.366 # +monitor master master1 10.111.134.44 6379 quorum 2
20561:X 29 Dec 16:48:57.603 * +slave slave 10.111.134.55:6379 10.111.134.55 6379 @ master1 10.111.134.44 6379
20561:X 29 Dec 16:53:16.568 * +sentinel sentinel 10.111.134.55:26379 10.111.134.55 26379 @ master1 10.111.134.44 6379
20561:X 29 Dec 16:53:48.825 * +slave slave 10.111.134.7:6379 10.111.134.7 6379 @ master1 10.111.134.44 6379
20561:X 29 Dec 16:53:56.447 * +sentinel sentinel 10.111.134.7:26379 10.111.134.7 26379 @ master1 10.111.134.44 6379
从日志可以看出master和slave都被监控了
查看master slave状态

$ redis-cli -h 10.111.134.44 info replication
# Replication
role:master
connected_slaves:2
min_slaves_good_slaves:2
slave0:ip=10.111.134.55,port=6379,state=online,offset=135234,lag=1
slave1:ip=10.111.134.7,port=6379,state=online,offset=135234,lag=0
master_repl_offset:135374
repl_backlog_active:1
repl_backlog_size:1048576
repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:2
repl_backlog_histlen:135373

测试
Master-Slave测试
在Master设置值

$ redis-cli -h 10.111.134.44 set test_ha 1

OK
获取：
$ redis-cli -h 10.111.134.44 get test_ha
"1"
$ redis-cli -h 10.111.134.7 get test_ha
"1"
$ redis-cli -h 10.111.134.55 get test_ha
"1"
在Slave设置值
$ redis-cli -h 10.111.134.55 set test_ha 2
(error) READONLY You can't write against a read only slave.
配置了不允许在slave写操作，防止混乱
HA测试
停止Slave
停止1个slave
$ ps aux | grep redis
redis    26189 0.2 0.9 38148 9644 ?        Ssl 16:48   0:02 /home/sensu/redis-3.0.1/src/redis-server 0.0.0.0:6379
root     27265 0.0 0.2 64952 2136 pts/3    S+   16:52   0:00 sudo /home/sensu/redis-3.0.1/src/redis-sentinel /etc/redis/sentinel.conf
root     27266 0.2 0.7 38152 7984 pts/3    Sl+ 16:52   0:02 /home/sensu/redis-3.0.1/src/redis-sentinel *:26379 [sentinel]
sensu    30928 0.0 0.0 11744   896 pts/1    S+   17:10   0:00 grep redis
$ sudo kill -9 26189
获取
$ redis-cli -h 10.111.134.44 set test_ha 2
OK
停止2个slave后设置
$ redis-cli -h 10.111.134.44 set test_ha 3
(error) NOREPLICAS Not enough good slaves to write.
报错，因为设置了如果一个slave都不能连上就失败
获取
$ redis-cli -h 10.111.134.44 get test_ha
"2"

成功
停止Sentinel
停止Sentinel只影响，failover和monitor，GET SET都不影响
$ ps aux | grep redis
root     15603 0.0 0.2 64952 2136 pts/1    S+   16:53   0:00 sudo /home/sensu/redis-3.0.1/src/redis-sentinel /etc/redis/sentinel.conf
root     15604 0.4 0.7 38152 7980 pts/1    Sl+ 16:53   0:09 /home/sensu/redis-3.0.1/src/redis-sentinel *:26379 [sentinel]
redis    23566 0.0 0.9 38148 9592 ?        Ssl 17:30   0:00 /home/sensu/redis-3.0.1/src/redis-server 0.0.0.0:6379
sensu    23570 0.0 0.0 11744   896 pts/0    S+   17:30   0:00 grep redis
$ sudo kill -9 15603 15604
GET SET
$ redis-cli -h 10.111.134.44 set test_ha 3
OK
$ redis-cli -h 10.111.134.7 get test_ha
"3"
$ redis-cli -h 10.111.134.55 get test_ha
"3"
停止Mater
在Master节点执行

$ ps aux | grep redis
redis    20518 0.4 0.2 38148 9656 ?        Ssl 16:40   0:16 /home/sensu/redis-3.0.1/src/redis-server 0.0.0.0:6379
root     20560 0.0 0.0 64952 2132 pts/2    S+   16:43   0:00 sudo /home/sensu/redis-3.0.1/src/redis-sentinel /etc/redis/sentinel.conf
root     20561 0.9 0.2 38152 7992 pts/2    Sl+ 16:43   0:31 /home/sensu/redis-3.0.1/src/redis-sentinel *:26379 [sentinel]
sensu    21280 0.0 0.0 11748   900 pts/3    S+   17:38   0:00 grep redis
$ sudo kill -9 20518
查看Sentinel日志
5秒之后，因为我们配置的是5秒
20561:X 29 Dec 17:39:27.853 # +sdown master master1 10.111.134.44 6379
20561:X 29 Dec 17:39:27.921 # +odown master master1 10.111.134.44 6379 #quorum 2/2
20561:X 29 Dec 17:39:27.921 # +new-epoch 1
20561:X 29 Dec 17:39:27.921 # +try-failover master master1 10.111.134.44 6379
20561:X 29 Dec 17:39:27.926 # +vote-for-leader 82decae77e954ca8fe14ebde0da937afbadc0688 1
20561:X 29 Dec 17:39:27.931 # 10.111.134.7:26379 voted for 82decae77e954ca8fe14ebde0da937afbadc0688 1
20561:X 29 Dec 17:39:27.933 # 10.111.134.55:26379 voted for 82decae77e954ca8fe14ebde0da937afbadc0688 1
20561:X 29 Dec 17:39:27.985 # +elected-leader master master1 10.111.134.44 6379
20561:X 29 Dec 17:39:27.985 # +failover-state-select-slave master master1 10.111.134.44 6379
20561:X 29 Dec 17:39:28.053 # +selected-slave slave 10.111.134.55:6379 10.111.134.55 6379 @ master1 10.111.134.44 6379
20561:X 29 Dec 17:39:28.053 * +failover-state-send-slaveof-noone slave 10.111.134.55:6379 10.111.134.55 6379 @ master1 10.111.134.44 6379
20561:X 29 Dec 17:39:28.137 * +failover-state-wait-promotion slave 10.111.134.55:6379 10.111.134.55 6379 @ master1 10.111.134.44 6379
20561:X 29 Dec 17:39:28.974 # +promoted-slave slave 10.111.134.55:6379 10.111.134.55 6379 @ master1 10.111.134.44 6379
20561:X 29 Dec 17:39:28.974 # +failover-state-reconf-slaves master master1 10.111.134.44 6379
20561:X 29 Dec 17:39:29.071 * +slave-reconf-sent slave 10.111.134.7:6379 10.111.134.7 6379 @ master1 10.111.134.44 6379
20561:X 29 Dec 17:39:30.066 * +slave-reconf-inprog slave 10.111.134.7:6379 10.111.134.7 6379 @ master1 10.111.134.44 6379
20561:X 29 Dec 17:39:30.067 * +slave-reconf-done slave 10.111.134.7:6379 10.111.134.7 6379 @ master1 10.111.134.44 6379
20561:X 29 Dec 17:39:30.131 # -odown master master1 10.111.134.44 6379
20561:X 29 Dec 17:39:30.132 # +failover-end master master1 10.111.134.44 6379
20561:X 29 Dec 17:39:30.132 # +switch-master master1 10.111.134.44 6379 10.111.134.55 6379
20561:X 29 Dec 17:39:30.133 * +slave slave 10.111.134.7:6379 10.111.134.7 6379 @ master1 10.111.134.55 6379
20561:X 29 Dec 17:39:30.133 * +slave slave 10.111.134.44:6379 10.111.134.44 6379 @ master1 10.111.134.55 6379
20561:X 29 Dec 17:39:35.198 # +sdown slave 10.111.134.44:6379 10.111.134.44 6379 @ master1 10.111.134.55 6379
可以看到10.111.134.55 6379被选为master
验证一下：
$ redis-cli -h 10.111.134.44 info replication
Could not connect to Redis at 10.111.134.44:6379: Connection refused
Master已经连不上
$ redis-cli -h 10.111.134.55 info replication
# Replication
role:master
connected_slaves:1
slave0:ip=10.111.134.7,port=6379,state=online,offset=46855,lag=0
master_repl_offset:46995
repl_backlog_active:1
repl_backlog_size:1048576
repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:2
repl_backlog_histlen:46994

$ redis-cli -h 10.111.134.7 info replication

# Replication

role:slave

master_host:10.111.134.55

master_port:6379

master_link_status:up

master_last_io_seconds_ago:0

master_sync_in_progress:0

slave_repl_offset:69775

slave_priority:100

slave_read_only:1

connected_slaves:0

master_repl_offset:0

repl_backlog_active:0

repl_backlog_size:1048576

repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:0

repl_backlog_histlen:0

55已经变成了master，7成了他的slave
设置或获取
$ redis-cli -h 10.111.134.55 set test_ha 4
OK
$ redis-cli -h 10.111.134.7 set test_ha 4
(error) READONLY You can't write against a read only slave.
$ redis-cli -h 10.111.134.7 get test_ha
"4"
$ redis-cli -h 10.111.134.55 get test_ha
"4"
再次停止Master
$ ps aux | grep redis
redis     1849 0.2 0.9 38148 9680 ?        Ssl 17:24   0:02 /home/sensu/redis-3.0.1/src/redis-server 0.0.0.0:6379
root      4612 0.0 0.2 65188 2364 pts/3    S+   17:37   0:00 sudo /home/sensu/redis-3.0.1/src/redis-sentinel /etc/redis/sentinel.conf
root      4613 0.6 0.7 38152 7988 pts/3    Sl+ 17:37   0:03 /home/sensu/redis-3.0.1/src/redis-sentinel *:26379 [sentinel]
sensu     6739 0.0 0.0 11748   900 pts/1    S+   17:48   0:00 grep redis
sensu@ubuntu:~$ sudo kill -9 1849
这次7成了唯一的master了
设置获取，没法设置
$ redis-cli -h 10.111.134.55 get test_ha
Could not connect to Redis at 10.111.134.55:6379: Connection refused
$ redis-cli -h 10.111.134.7 set test_ha 5
(error) NOREPLICAS Not enough good slaves to write.
$ redis-cli -h 10.111.134.7 get test_ha
"4"
恢复
恢复Slave

$ sudo /etc/init.d/redis-server start
Starting redis-server: redis-server.
$ redis-cli -h 10.111.134.7 info replication
# Replication
role:master
connected_slaves:0
master_repl_offset:0
repl_backlog_active:0
repl_backlog_size:1048576
repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:0
repl_backlog_histlen:0

恢复的Slave并没有加到新的Master中，因为配置中是指到：44的
恢复Master
$ sudo /etc/init.d/redis-server start
Starting redis-server: redis-server.
$ redis-cli -h 10.111.134.7 info replication
# Replication
role:master
connected_slaves:1
slave0:ip=10.111.134.44,port=6379,state=online,offset=163,lag=0
master_repl_offset:163
repl_backlog_active:1
repl_backlog_size:1048576
repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:2
repl_backlog_histlen:162
恢复的Master加入了新的Master的Slave
过一会再次查看
$ redis-cli -h 10.111.134.7 info replication
# Replication
role:master
connected_slaves:2
slave0:ip=10.111.134.44,port=6379,state=online,offset=73074,lag=1
slave1:ip=10.111.134.55,port=6379,state=online,offset=73351,lag=1
master_repl_offset:73490
repl_backlog_active:1
repl_backlog_size:1048576
repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:2
repl_backlog_histlen:73489

发现第二个Slave也加入进来了，因为它配置的Master 44连上了
总结
Redis的HA部署至少需要3个Sentinel节点，实际不需要3个Master-Slave节点，官方文档有说明。各项配置都有trade off，需根据情况调整。仍需要有外部的监控工具保证Master-Slave在宕机后能及时恢复，不然节点在全部宕机后，HA失败，并且Master宕机的几秒（down-after-milliseconds）内新的Master被选举出来之前操作是失败的。