Oracle 10G R2版的Data Guard搭建

搭建环境：
OS :RHEL 5.4              Oracle版本：10g R2             ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle
虚拟机1    hostname :dg1            IP:192.168.0.103
虚拟机2    hostname :dg2            IP:192.168.0.104

参数规划
数据库       db_name      sid      instance_name      service_names       db_unique_name     fal_server      fal_client   
主 库              dg1            dg1           dg1                      dg1                           dg1                        dg2                 dg1
备库              dg1            dg1           dg1                      dg2                           dg2                        dg1                  dg2

主库上的操作 
将主库至于foce logging状态
[oracle@dg1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba;
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Jan 25 19:56:11 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount;
ORA-32004: obsolete and/or deprecated parameter(s) specified
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  402653184 bytes
Fixed Size                  1219664 bytes
Variable Size             113247152 bytes
Database Buffers          285212672 bytes
Redo Buffers                2973696 bytes
SQL> alter database force logging;
alter database force logging
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01507: database not mounted

SQL> alter database mount;
Database altered.

SQL> alter database force logging;
alter database force logging
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-12920: database is already in force logging mode 

并处于归档模式
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            /u01/app/oradata/archive
Oldest online log sequence     40
Next log sequence to archive   42
Current log sequence           42 

查看需要拷贝的数据文件
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oradata/dg1/system01.dbf
/u01/app/oradata/dg1/undotbs01.dbf
/u01/app/oradata/dg1/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oradata/dg1/users01.dbf
/u01/app/oradata/dg1/example01.dbf 

查看需要拷贝的临时文件
SQL> select * from v$tempfile;
     FILE# CREATION_CHANGE# CREATION_TIME             TS#     RFILE#
---------- ---------------- ------------------ ---------- ----------
STATUS                ENABLED                             BYTES     BLOCKS
--------------------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
CREATE_BYTES BLOCK_SIZE
------------ ----------
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         1           446136 23-JAN-11                   3          1
ONLINE                READ WRITE                       20971520       2560
    20971520       8192
/u01/app/oradata/dg1/temp01.dbf 

利用主库的控制文件创建备库的控制文件
SQL> alter database create standby controlfile as '/u01/app/oracle/dbs/standby.ctl';

Database altered. 

利用主库的spfile创建pfile，主要是为了便于参数的修改
SQL> create pfile from spfile;

File created.

关闭主库

SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01109: database not open
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down. 

在主库的pfile增加如下几行，其中红色的需要特别注意
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oradata/archive VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dg1 '
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=dg2 LGWR ASYNC=40960 VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dg2 '
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='enable'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='enable'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc'
*.log_archive_max_processes=2
*.log_archive_start=true
*.service_names='dg1 ' 
*.db_name='dg1 '
*.db_unique_name='dg1 '
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=dg1XDB )'
*.fal_client='dg1 ' 
*.fal_server='dg2 ' 

将所需文件拷贝到dg2上，注意这里数据库一定要处于关闭状态
[oracle@dg1 dbs]$ more /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1               dg1 localhost.localdomain localhost
192.168.0.104   dg2
192.168.0.103   dg1 

拷贝数据文件和日志文件 
[oracle@dg1 oradata]$ pwd
/u01/app/oradata
[oracle@dg1 oradata]$ ls
archive  dg1 
[oracle@dg1 oradata]$ scp -r dg1/ dg2:/u01/app/oradata/ 

拷贝admin下的文件，主要是为了拷贝这个目录的目录结构
[oracle@dg1 app]$ pwd
/u01/app
[oracle@dg1 app]$ ls
admin  flash_recovery_area  oracle  oradata  oraInventory
[oracle@dg1 app]$ scp -r admin/ dg2:/u01/app/ 

在主库上创建口令文件
[oracle@dg1 app]$ orapwd file=/u01/app/oracle/dbs/orapw password=oracle entries=5 

拷贝口令文件，参数文件到备库上 
[oracle@dg1 oracle]$ scp orapw initdg1 dg2:/u01/app/oracle/dbs 

配置主库的listener.ora和tnsname.ora如下
listener.ora
[oracle@dg1 admin]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/network/admin
[oracle@dg1 admin]$ cat listener.ora 

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = dg1 )
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle )
#      (PROGRAM = extproc)
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME=dg1 )
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dg1 )(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

tnsname.ora

DG1 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.103 )(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = dg1 )
      (INSTANCE_NAME = dg1 )
    )
  )

DG2 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.104 )(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SID = dg1 )
    )
  )

EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SID = PLSExtProc)
      (PRESENTATION = RO)
    )
  ) 

重启监听程序
[oracle@dg1 admin]$ lsnrctl stop
[oracle@dg1 admin]$ lsnrctl start 

利用pfile创建spfile
[oracle@dg1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba;
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Jan 25 19:56:11 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance. 

SQL>  create spfile from pfile;
File created. 

至此在主库上的操作告一段落

备库操作如下 
修改pfile
*.control_files='/u01/app/oradata/dg1/standby.ctl'         ＃＃确保控制文件置于该目录下
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oradata/archive VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dg2 '                                           ＃＃确保 /u01/app/oradata/archive该路径存在 
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=dg2 LGWR ASYNC=40960 VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=dg1 '
*.log_archive_dest_state_1='enable'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='enable'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc'
*.log_archive_max_processes=2
*.log_archive_start=true
*.service_names='dg2 ' 
*.db_name='dg1 '
*.db_unique_name='dg2 '
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=dg1XDB )'
*.fal_client='dg2 ' 
*.fal_server='dg1 ' 

配置备库上的listener.ora和tnsname.ora
lstener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = dg1 )
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME= dg1 )
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle )
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.104 )(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

tnsname.ora和主库上的一模一样，建议直接从主库上拷贝避免出错

重启监听程序
[oracle@dg1 admin]$ lsnrctl stop
[oracle@dg1 admin]$ lsnrctl start
至此备库上的操作完成 

测试主库产生的归档日志是否能正常传送到归档日志 
依次打开主库和备库
 主库:
SQL> STARTUP MOUNT;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN; 

备库:
SQL> STARTUP MOUNT;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT
FROM SESSION; 


在主库上
SQL>archive log list;
SQL>alter system archive log current;
SQL>archive log list; 
主库进行日志切换:
SQL>Alter system switch logfile; 

然后分别查看主库和备库的 目录下是否产生了同样的归档日志文件。
执行如下SQL
select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;
select max(sequence#) from v$log_history;
select group#,sequence#,archived,status from v$log;
select name,sequence#,applied from v$archived_log;
select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log;
亦可在主库进行一些DML操作然后在备库上进行验证，具体操作如下
主库
SQL> select * from dg; 
        ID NAME
---------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
         1 czm
         2 czm
         3 czm
         4 czm 

SQL> insert into dg values(5,'czm');
1 row created.

SQL> commit;
Commit complete.

SQL> select * from dg;
        ID NAME
---------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
         1 czm
         2 czm
         3 czm
         4 czm
         5 czm 

SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.

SQL> /
System altered.

SQL> /
System altered. 

备库上
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel; 
SQL> select * from dg;
        ID NAME
---------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
         1 czm
         2 czm
         3 czm
         4 czm
         5 czm 
至此DG顺利搭建成功