C++类模板构建链表，类似于list<>

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

template<class T> class Node//创建一个类模板，一个可以放入任何类型节点的链表
{
public:
	Node(T val, Node* next):val(val),next(next){}
	static void showAll();//打印全部节点的值
	static void insertHead(T);//头插
	static void insertTail(T);//尾插
	static void delHead();//删头
	static void delTail();//删尾
	static void clear();//清空
protected:
	T val;
	Node *next;
	static Node *head;
private:
};

template<class T> Node<T>* Node<T>::head = 0;

template<class T> void Node<T>::showAll(){//打印全部节点的值
	Node *p = head;
	while (p)
	{
		cout<<p->val<<"  ";
		p = p->next;
	}
	cout<<endl;
}

template<class T> void Node<T>::insertHead(T val){//头插
	Node *p = new Node(val, head);
	head = p;
}

template<class T> void Node<T>::insertTail(T val){//尾插
	Node *p = new Node(val, 0);
	if (!head)
	{
		head = p;
		return;
	}
	Node *q = head;
	while (q->next)
	{
		q = q->next;
	}
	q->next = p;
}

template<class T> void Node<T>::delHead(){//删头
	Node *p = head;
	if (head)
	{
		head = head->next;
		delete p;
	}
}

template<class T> void Node<T>::delTail(){//删尾
	if (!head)
	{
		return;
	}
	if (!(head->next))
	{
		delete(head);
		head = NULL;
		return;
	}
	Node *p = head;
	while (p->next->next)
	{
		p = p->next;
	}
	delete(p->next);
	p->next = NULL;
}

template<class T> void Node<T>::clear(){//清空
	Node *p = head;
	Node *q = 0;
	head = 0;
	while (p)
	{
		q = p;
		p = p->next;
		delete q;
	}
}

class Student//创建一个自定义的学生类
{
public:
	Student(string name, int age,char sex):name(name), age(age), sex(sex){}
	void showInfo(){
		cout<<"姓名:"<<name<<" 年龄:"<<age<<" 性别:"<<sex<<endl;
	}
protected:
	string name;
	int age;
	char sex;
private:
};

void Node<Student>::showAll(){//学生类节点和其他基本数据类型不同，不能直接用<<输出，所以重载showAll()
	Node *p = head;
	while (p)
	{
		p->val.showInfo();
		p = p->next;
	}
}

void main(){
	for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++)
	{
		Node<int>::insertTail(i);//这时Node<int>称为一个用类模板生成的模板类
		Node<float>::insertTail(i / 10.0f);
		Node<double>::insertTail(i / 10.00);
		Node<Student>::insertTail(Student("stu", i, 'F'));
	}
	Node<int>::showAll();
	Node<float>::showAll();
	Node<double>::showAll();
	Node<Student>::showAll();
}