AsyncTask实现原理和内部代码[转]

AsyncTask实现原理和内部代码

作者: Android开发网原创 时间: 2011-04-15

  Android从1.5开始引入了AsyncTask这个类，可以帮助我们解决线程和界面刷新问题，主要是对Thread+Handler这样的封装，但在设计模式和代码维护方面都有不错的表现。对于AsyncTask的实现原理和内部的代码如何实现Android123一起和大家分享，早在2008年时Google推出了一个示例应用叫PhotoStream来演示UI在多线程网络慢速I/O下的刷新问题，里面的线程构造使用的正是AsyncTask的雏形，由于内部使用Java 1.5的并发库比普通初级Android开发者编写的Thread+Handler稳定很多，下面我们就android.os.AsyncTask的实现

  public abstract class AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> {
    private static final String LOG_TAG = "AsyncTask";

    private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = 5; //线程池数量
    private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = 128; //线程池中最大线程数
    private static final int KEEP_ALIVE = 1;

    private static final BlockingQueue<Runnable> sWorkQueue =
            new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(10); //使用并发库的阻塞队列初始时保存10个Runnable对象

    private static final ThreadFactory sThreadFactory = new ThreadFactory() {
        private final AtomicInteger mCount = new AtomicInteger(1);

        public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
            return new Thread(r, "AsyncTask #" + mCount.getAndIncrement());
        }
    };

    private static final ThreadPoolExecutor sExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(CORE_POOL_SIZE,
            MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE, TimeUnit.SECONDS, sWorkQueue, sThreadFactory); //创建线程池

    private static final int MESSAGE_POST_RESULT = 0x1; 
    private static final int MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS = 0x2;
    private static final int MESSAGE_POST_CANCEL = 0x3;

    private static final InternalHandler sHandler = new InternalHandler(); //这个是对Handler的封装，内部处理Thread的状态。

    private final WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> mWorker;  //该类对Runnable做简单封装
    private final FutureTask<Result> mFuture; //对于并发库而言FutureTask是最重要的，有兴趣的网友可以看下JDK源码

    private volatile Status mStatus = Status.PENDING; //保存当前线程状态

    public enum Status { //枚举类记录当前线程状态
        PENDING,
        RUNNING,
        FINISHED,
    }

    public AsyncTask() {
        mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() { //构造Runable对象
            public Result call() throws Exception {
                Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND); //设置线程优先级为后台，这里Android开发网提示大家低于标准线程优先级
                return doInBackground(mParams);
            }
        };

        mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) { 
            @Override
            protected void done() {
                Message message;
                Result result = null;

                try {
                    result = get();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) { //处理Thread中断异常
                    android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
                } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException("An error occured while executing doInBackground()",
                            e.getCause());
                } catch (CancellationException e) {
                    message = sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_CANCEL,
                            new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(AsyncTask.this, (Result[]) null)); 

                    message.sendToTarget();
                    return;
                } catch (Throwable t) {
                    throw new RuntimeException("An error occured while executing "
                            + "doInBackground()", t);
                }

                message = sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
                        new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(AsyncTask.this, result)); //执行完后通过Handler通知结果
                message.sendToTarget();
            }
        };
    }

    public final Status getStatus() {
        return mStatus;
    }

    protected abstract Result doInBackground(Params... params);

    protected void onPreExecute() {
    }

    protected void onPostExecute(Result result) {
    }

    protected void onProgressUpdate(Progress... values) {
    }

    protected void onCancelled() {
    }

    public final boolean isCancelled() {
        return mFuture.isCancelled();
    }

    public final boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning) {
        return mFuture.cancel(mayInterruptIfRunning);
    }

    public final Result get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
        return mFuture.get();
    }

    public final Result get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException,
            ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
        return mFuture.get(timeout, unit);
    }

    public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
        if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
            switch (mStatus) {
                case RUNNING:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task is already running.");
                case FINISHED:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task has already been executed "
                            + "(a task can be executed only once)");
            }
        }

        mStatus = Status.RUNNING;

        onPreExecute();

        mWorker.mParams = params;
        sExecutor.execute(mFuture);

        return this;
    }

    protected final void publishProgress(Progress... values) { //通过Handler通知UI刷新
        sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS,
                new AsyncTaskResult<Progress>(this, values)).sendToTarget();
    }

    private void finish(Result result) {
        if (isCancelled()) result = null;
        onPostExecute(result);
        mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
    }

    private static class InternalHandler extends Handler { //和我们的Handler没有什么不同
        @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            AsyncTaskResult result = (AsyncTaskResult) msg.obj;
            switch (msg.what) {
                case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
                    // There is only one result
                    result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
                    result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_POST_CANCEL:
                    result.mTask.onCancelled();
                    break;
            }
        }
    }

    private static abstract class WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> implements Callable<Result> {
        Params[] mParams;
    }

    @SuppressWarnings({"RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
    private static class AsyncTaskResult<Data> {
        final AsyncTask mTask;
        final Data[] mData;

        AsyncTaskResult(AsyncTask task, Data... data) {
            mTask = task;
            mData = data;
        }
    }
}

 经过上面的简单分析相信大家对Android AsyncTask会有更加深刻的理解，整个AsyncTask实现基于Thread+Handler，但对于Thread使用的是Java的并发包的FutureTask具体的可以参考JDK5以后的源码。