Introduction to the Oracle Server Technologies(Oracle服务器技术介绍)

certification objectives:

• Position the Oracle Product Family
• Explain Relational Structures
• Understand the SQL Language
• Appreciate the DBA's Role

 

认证目标：

• 定位Oracle产品系列
• 解释关系结构
• 理解SQL语言
• 领会DBA的角色
  

This chapter describes the entire oracle product family,the concepts behind relational databases,the SQL language,and the role of database administrator(DBA) in the IT environment.The content is not directly tested in the OCP examination,but is assumed knowledge that provides an essential background to the study of Oracle database administration.It alse gives an idea of the scope of a DBA's work.The DBA is often expected to know everything about everything.Well,that isn't possible-but at lease he/she should aware of the whole environment and how the parts link together.

 

本章描述了整个Oracle产品系列，关系数据库的概念，SQL语言以及DBA在IT环境下的角色。OCP考试不会直接考察这些内容，但是这些内容为研究Oracle数据库管理提供了必要地背景知识，并且给出了一个DBA工作范围的观念。DBA常常被期望为知晓万事万物， 那是不可能的。但是至少他/她应该知道整个环境以及各部分如何连接在一起的。

 

 

The Oracle server technologies product set is more than a database.There are also the Oracle Application Server and the Oracle Enterprise Manager.Taken together,these are the server technologies that make up the Oracle Grid offering.Grid computing is an emerging environment for managing the complete IT environment and for providing resources to users on demand.

 

Oracle服务技术产品集合不仅仅是一个数据库，还有Oracle应用服务器和Oracle企业管理器。这些服务器技术放在一起，就构成了Oracle网格。网格计算机是一个管理整个IT环境并提供用户所需资源的新兴环境。

Supplied with the server technologies are the development tools:third-generation language(3GLs) and rapid application development tools.It is also possible to write  software in a wide range of third-party application development environments.Oracle Corporation has a total commitment to supporting international standards for data processing,which means that it is perfectly possible to run third-part products on the Oracle technology stack.

与服务器技术一起提供的是开发工具，即第三代语言(3GLs)和快速应用开发工具，此外，可以在许多第三方应用程序开发环境中编写软件。Oracle公司全面承诺支持数据处理的网络标准，意味着在Oracle技术堆上完美地运行第三方产品成为可能。

 

 

The final part of the Oracle product set is the applications, primarily the Oracle E-Business Suite and the Oracle Collaboration Suite.These are applications written with the Oracle development tools and running on the Oracle servers that can fulfill the needs of virtually any organization for business data processing.

Oracle产品集合的最后一部分是应用程序，主要指 Oracle E-Business Suite 和Oracle Collaboration Suite 。这些应用是用Oracle开发工具编写的，运行在Oracle服务器上，几乎可以满足任何商业组织的数据处理。

The Oracle database is a relational database management system(RDBMS) with object extensions.Data to be managed by an RDBMS should be normalized-converted into two-dimensional tables.Structured query Language(SQL,pronounced "sequel") is an international standard for managing data stored in relational databases.Oracle Database 11g offers an implementation of SQL that is generally compliant with the current standard,which is SQL-2003.Full details of the compliance can be found in Appendix B of the "SQL Reference",which is part of the Oracle database documentation set.

Oracle数据库是一个对象扩展的RDBMS。RDBMS管理数据必须标准化-转换成二维表。结构查询语言是一个管理存储在在关系数据库中数据的国际标准。Oracle数据库11g提供了服从当前的标准（SQL-2003）的SQL的实现。完整的细节可以在Oracle数据库文档集合附录B的“SQL Reference”找到。

The DBA‘s  job is to administer the database.But this tautological definition misses a huge amount.The DBA has a pivotal role in an organization's management and knowledge structure;he/she will usually be expected to be competent in all the topics dealt with here.

DBA的工作就是管理数据库，但是这个重复了多次的概念遗漏了很多东西，DBA在一个组织管理和知识结构中扮演关键性的角色，在这里，他/她常常被期望能够胜任所有的主题。

This chapter consists of summarized descriptions of the Oracle product family,the concepts behind the relational paradigm and normalization of data into relational structures,the SQL language,and the role of the DBA.

本章包含Oracle产品系列的概括性介绍，以及关系结构中的关系范式和标准化数据的概念，SQL语言和DBA的角色。

 

Position the Oracle Product Family(定位Oracle产品系列)

There are many products developed and marketed by Oracle Corporation.Acquisitions made in recent years have expanded the list substantially.The core products can be grouped as follows:

Oracle公司开发和销售了很多产品。近年来的兼并大幅度地扩展了产品。核心产品总结如下：

The server technologies

• The Oracle database
• The Oracle Application Server
• The Oracle Enterprise Manager

The development tools

 

• The language
• The Oracle Developer Suite

The application

 

• Oracle E-Business Suite
• Oracle Collaboration Suite

服务器技术

• Oracle数据库
• Oracle应用服务器
• Oracle企业管理器

开发工具

• 语言
• Oracle Developer suite

应用

• Oracle E-Business Suite
• Oracle Collaboration Suite

 

The Server Technologies(服务器技术)

There is a family of products that make up the Oracle server technology stack.Taken together,they aim to deliver the components of Oracle'Grid computing atchitecure.

(Oracle服务器技术组合由一系列产品构成，目的是为Oracle网格计算机结构提供组件。)

Oracle Corporation's Grid offering is not always the same as the Grid defined by others.Oracle does tend to emphasize the server technoly side of Grid computing.

（Oracle公司的网格产品不同于其他的网格定义。Oracle倾向于强调网格计算机的服务端技术。）

The concept underlying the Grid is virtualization:end users ask for a service,but they neither know nor need to know the source of that service.

(网格的概念是“虚拟化”：中断用户请求服务，但他们并不知道或需要知道请求的来源。)

The three server technologies that Oracle provides to help deliver the Grid are

(Oracle提供的帮助构成网格的三种服务器技术是)

 

• The Oracle Database Server
• The Oracle Application Server
• The Oracle Enterprise Manager

 

The database is the main concern here:it is the repository for data and the engine that manages access to the data.The Oracle Application Server runs software on behalf of end users:it generates the user interfaces in the form of windows displayed in users' browsers.and submits calls for data retrieval and modification to the database for execution.The Oracle Enterprise Managemer is an administration tools for monitoring,managing,and turning the Oracle process and also(through plus-ins) many third party products.

这里主要提到的是数据库：它是数据的储存库和管理访问数据的引擎。Oracle应用服务器在客户端运行软件：它以客户端浏览器界面的方式产生用户界面，并向数据库提交数据检索和修改的执行请求。Oracle企业管理器是一个用于监控、管理、调整Oracle进程以及多个（通过插件形式）的第三方产品的管理工具。

 

The Oracle Database Server（Oracle数据库服务）

Chanpter 2 deals with the architecutre of the Oracle Database Server in detail.For now.all that is necessary is to know that it is a repository for data without effective limits on size,and that is accessed by end users either directly through client-server tools and applications or indirectly through applications running on an applcaition server.

第二章主要从细节上介绍了数据库服务器的结构。现在有必要知道的是它（数据库服务器）是一个实际上没有大小限制的数据存储库，终端用户通过客户端-服务端(C/S)工具和应用直接访问或通过运行在应用服务器上的应用(B/S)间接访问它。

The choice bwtween a two-tier client-server architecure and an architecture consisting of three or more tiers is irrelevant to the database:it can execute SQL invoked by client software running on a PC local to the end user as efficiently as it can execute SQL submitted by an application server running in a middle-tier server on behalf of a remote client using a brower.

选择双层结构C/S架构还是三层或多层结构与数据库无关：可以执行在终端用户本地计算机上运行的的客户端工具的SQL调用，也可以按同等效率执行远程客户端浏览器的中间层服务器上运行的应用服务器提交的SQL。