malloc和calloc,balloc区别

balloc是新东西吗？apue上没有

三个函数的声明分别是:
void* realloc(void* ptr, unsigned newsize);
void* malloc(unsigned size);
void* calloc(size_t nelem, size_t elsize);
都在stdlib.h函数库内

它们的返回值都是请求系统分配的地址,如果请求失败就返回NULL

malloc用于申请一段新的地址,参数size为需要内存空间的长度,如:
char* p;
p=(char*)malloc(20);

calloc与malloc相似,参数elsize 为申请地址的单位元素长度,nelem为元素个数,如:
char* p;
p=(char*)calloc(20, sizeof(char));  
这个例子与上一个效果相同

realloc是给一个已经分配了地址的指针重新分配空间,参数ptr为原有的空间地址,newsize是重新申请的地址长度< type="text/javascript"> < src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js" type="text/javascript"> 



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如:
char* p;
p=(char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*20);
p=(char*)realloc(p,sizeof(char)*40);

注意，这里的空间长度都是以字节为单位。

 
C语言的标准内存分配函数：malloc，calloc，realloc等。
malloc与calloc的区别为1块与n块的区别：
malloc调用形式为(类型*)malloc(size)：在内存的动态存储区中分配一块长度为“size”字节的连续区域，返回该区域的首地址。
calloc调用形式为(类型*)calloc(n，size)：在内存的动态存储区中分配n块长度为“size”字节的连续区域， 每一位都初始化为零，返回首地址。
realloc调用形式为(类型*)realloc(*ptr，size)：将ptr内存大小增大到size。

free的调用形式为free(void*ptr)：释放ptr所指向的一块内存空间。
C++中为new/delete函数。



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网上找到的英文解释如下：
Both the malloc() and the calloc() functions are used to allocate dynamic memory. Each operates slightly different from the other.

Both the malloc() and the calloc() functions are used to allocate dynamic memory. Each operates slightly different from the other. malloc() takes a size and returns a pointer to a chunk of memory at least that big:
void *malloc( size_t size );
calloc() takes a number of elements, and the size of each, and returns a pointer to a chunk of memory
at least big enough to hold them all:
void *calloc( size_t numElements, size_t sizeOfElement );
There are one major difference and one minor difference between the two functions. The major difference is that malloc() doesn't initialize the allocated memory. The first time malloc() gives you a particular chunk of memory, the memory might be full of zeros. If memory has been allocated, freed, and reallocated, it probably has whatever junk was left in it. That means, unfortunately, that a program might run in simple cases (when memory is never reallocated) but break when used harder (and when memory is reused). calloc() fills the allocated memory with all zero bits. That means that anything there you are going to use as a char or an int of any length, signed or unsigned, is guaranteed to be zero. Anything you are going to use as a pointer is set to all zero bits.
That is usually a null pointer, but it is not guaranteed.Anything you are going to use as a float or double is set to all zero bits; that is a floating-point zero on some types of machines, but not on all.
The minor difference between the two is that calloc() returns an array of objects; malloc() returns one object. Some people use calloc() to make clear that they want an array. 

下面是网上的中文说明

用malloc()函数更好还是用calloc()函数更好


函数malloc()和calloc()都可以用来动态分配内存空间,但两者稍有区别。

malloc()函数有一个参数,即要分配的内存空间的大小:

void*malloc(size_tsize);

calloc()函数有两个参数,分别为元素的数目和每个元素的大小,这两个参数的乘积就是要分配的内存空间的大小。

void*calloc(size_tnumElements,size_tsizeOfElement);

如果调用成功,函数malloc()和函数calloc()都将返回所分配的内存空间的首地址。

函数malloc()和函数calloc() 的主要区别是前者不能初始化所分配的内存空间,而后者能。如果由malloc()函数分配的内存空间原来没有被使用过，则其中的每一位可能都是0;反之, 如果这部分内存曾经被分配过,则其中可能遗留有各种各样的数据。也就是说，使用malloc()函数的程序开始时(内存空间还没有被重新分配)能正常进 行,但经过一段时间(内存空间还已经被重新分配)可能会出现问题。

函数calloc() 会将所分配的内存空间中的每一位都初始化为零,也就是说,如果你是为字符类型或整数类型的元素分配内存,那麽这些元素将保证会被初始化为0;如果你是为指 针类型的元素分配内存,那麽这些元素通常会被初始化为空指针;如果你为实型数据分配内存,则这些元素会被初始化为浮点型的零