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Linux Basic Configuration

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用户登录进入系统以后,默认进入用户的HOME目录,也就是用户的工作目录,用户对这个目录的权限是可读可写的。
一般情况下不要以root身分登录系统,权限高,容易误操作影响系统安全。

新建普通用户命令: useradd username
设置密码: passwd username

  在用户的home对应的目录下,会自动建立几个隐藏文件, ls -a 查看:
  .bash_logout  用户退出系统时,系统自动执行的脚本
  .bash_profile 用户登录时,用以初始化用户的系统环境
  .bashrc  用户登录时,用以初始化用户的系统环境

* 切换到root 用户: su -; 退出 : exit;
* 查看当前用户:whoami;
* 查看当前硬盘分区使用情况: df , df -h  (只能看分区)
* 查看目录的使用情况:du directory
  例: 查看root下目录使用空间情况 du -sh /*
* 查看硬盘分区情况:fdsik -l /dev/sda   ;
* hdparm /dev/sda 查看是否激活Hard DMA 功能。
* 打开DMA功能: hdparm -d1 /dev/hda ; d代表DMA, 1 打开 0 关闭


网络配置:
* /etc/resolv.conf 保存的是系统的默认的域名和DNS服务器。
* ifconfing 命令 : if = interface
* 该命令会打印系统中默认的网络接口信息。
* netconfig 文本格式的窗口配置工具、
* 配置完IP 地址,后需要重启网络服务,使之生效。
* service network restart.
* 查看默认路由: route -n
* 扫描局域网段: ping -b 10.255.255.255 (broadcast address)
* 修改网卡地址: ifconfig eth0 'IP' netmask 'submask'
* 添加默认网关: route add default gw 10.0.0.1
  NOTE:ifconfig and route 改变配不会马上保存。
* /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ 所有网络设备的启动脚本
  网卡的配置文件:ifcfg-eth0.

语言环境:
* 命令:locale
  display : LANG=en_us.UTF-8
            ................
* 查看系统支持的所有语言: locale -a
*setup 综合配置工具
ntsysv

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