poi操作excel

1.创建工作簿 (WORKBOOK)
    HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
    FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
    wb.write(fileOut);
    fileOut.close();
2.创建工作表（SHEET）
    HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
    HSSFSheet sheet1 = wb.createSheet("new sheet");
    HSSFSheet sheet2 = wb.createSheet("second sheet");
    FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
    wb.write(fileOut);
    fileOut.close();
3.创建单元格(CELL)
    HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
    HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");
    // Create a row and put some cells in it. Rows are 0 based.
    HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short)0);
    // Create a cell and put a value in it.
    HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short)0);
    cell.setCellValue(1);
    // Or do it on one line.
    row.createCell((short)1).setCellValue(1.2);
    row.createCell((short)2).setCellValue("This is a string");
    row.createCell((short)3).setCellValue(true);
    // Write the output to a file
    FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
    wb.write(fileOut);
    fileOut.close();
4.创建指定单元格式的单元格
    HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
    HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");
    // Create a row and put some cells in it. Rows are 0 based.
    HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short)0);
    // Create a cell and put a date value in it.  The first cell is not styled
    // as a date.
    HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short)0);
    cell.setCellValue(new Date());
    // we style the second cell as a date (and time).  It is important to
    // create a new cell style from the workbook otherwise you can end up
    // modifying the built in style and effecting not only this cell but other cells.
    HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = wb.createCellStyle();
    cellStyle.setDataFormat(HSSFDataFormat.getBuiltinFormat("m/d/yy h:mm"));
    cell = row.createCell((short)1);
    cell.setCellValue(new Date());
    cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);
    // Write the output to a file
    FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
    wb.write(fileOut);
    fileOut.close();
5. 单元格的不同格式
    HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
    HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");
    HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short)2);
    row.createCell((short) 0).setCellValue(1.1);
    row.createCell((short) 1).setCellValue(new Date());
    row.createCell((short) 2).setCellValue("a string");
    row.createCell((short) 3).setCellValue(true);
    row.createCell((short) 4).setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR);
    // Write the output to a file
    FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
    wb.write(fileOut);
    fileOut.close();
6.单元格的不通对齐方式
    public static void main(String[] args)
            throws IOException
    {
        HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
        HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");
        HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short) 2);
        createCell(wb, row, (short) 0, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
        createCell(wb, row, (short) 1, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER_SELECTION);
        createCell(wb, row, (short) 2, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_FILL);
        createCell(wb, row, (short) 3, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_GENERAL);
        createCell(wb, row, (short) 4, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_JUSTIFY);
        createCell(wb, row, (short) 5, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_LEFT);
        createCell(wb, row, (short) 6, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_RIGHT);
        // Write the output to a file
        FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
        wb.write(fileOut);
        fileOut.close();
    }
    /**
     * Creates a cell and aligns it a certain way.
     *
     * @param wb        the workbook
     * @param row       the row to create the cell in
     * @param column    the column number to create the cell in
     * @param align     the alignment for the cell.
     */
    private static void createCell(HSSFWorkbook wb, HSSFRow row, short column, short align)
    {
        HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(column);
        cell.setCellValue("Align It");
        HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = wb.createCellStyle();
        cellStyle.setAlignment(align);
        cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);
    }
7.单元格的边框设置
Working with borders
    HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
    HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");
    // Create a row and put some cells in it. Rows are 0 based.
    HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short) 1);
    // Create a cell and put a value in it.
    HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) 1);
    cell.setCellValue(4);
    // Style the cell with borders all around.
    HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
    style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
    style.setBottomBorderColor(HSSFColor.BLACK.index);
    style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
    style.setLeftBorderColor(HSSFColor.GREEN.index);
    style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
    style.setRightBorderColor(HSSFColor.BLUE.index);
    style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_MEDIUM_DASHED);
    style.setTopBorderColor(HSSFColor.BLACK.index);
    cell.setCellStyle(style);
    // Write the output to a file
    FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
    wb.write(fileOut);
    fileOut.close();
8.填充和颜色设置
    HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
    HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");
    // Create a row and put some cells in it. Rows are 0 based.
    HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short) 1);
    // Aqua background
    HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
    style.setFillBackgroundColor(HSSFColor.AQUA.index);
    style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.BIG_SPOTS);
    HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) 1);
    cell.setCellValue("X");
    cell.setCellStyle(style);
    // Orange "foreground", foreground being the fill foreground not the font color.
    style = wb.createCellStyle();
    style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.ORANGE.index);
    style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
    cell = row.createCell((short) 2);
    cell.setCellValue("X");
    cell.setCellStyle(style);
    // Write the output to a file
    FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
    wb.write(fileOut);
    fileOut.close();
9.合并单元格操作
    HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
    HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");
    HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short) 1);
    HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) 1);
    cell.setCellValue("This is a test of merging");
    sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(1,(short)1,1,(short)2));
    // Write the output to a file
    FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
    wb.write(fileOut);
    fileOut.close();
10.字体设置
    HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
    HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");
    // Create a row and put some cells in it. Rows are 0 based.
    HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short) 1);
    // Create a new font and alter it.
    HSSFFont font = wb.createFont();
    font.setFontHeightInPoints((short)24);
    font.setFontName("Courier New");
    font.setItalic(true);
    font.setStrikeout(true);
    // Fonts are set into a style so create a new one to use.
    HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
    style.setFont(font);
    // Create a cell and put a value in it.
    HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) 1);
    cell.setCellValue("This is a test of fonts");
    cell.setCellStyle(style);
    // Write the output to a file
    FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
    wb.write(fileOut);
    fileOut.close();
11.自定义颜色
    HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
    HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet();
    HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short) 0);
    HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) 0);
    cell.setCellValue("Default Palette");
    //apply some colors from the standard palette,
    // as in the previous examples.
    //we'll use red text on a lime background
    HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
    style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIME.index);
    style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
    HSSFFont font = wb.createFont();
    font.setColor(HSSFColor.RED.index);
    style.setFont(font);
    cell.setCellStyle(style);
    //save with the default palette
    FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("default_palette.xls");
    wb.write(out);
    out.close();
    //now, let's replace RED and LIME in the palette
    // with a more attractive combination
    // (lovingly borrowed from freebsd.org)
    cell.setCellValue("Modified Palette");
    //creating a custom palette for the workbook
    HSSFPalette palette = wb.getCustomPalette();
    //replacing the standard red with freebsd.org red
    palette.setColorAtIndex(HSSFColor.RED.index,
            (byte) 153,  //RGB red (0-255)
            (byte) 0,    //RGB green
            (byte) 0     //RGB blue
    );
    //replacing lime with freebsd.org gold
    palette.setColorAtIndex(HSSFColor.LIME.index, (byte) 255, (byte) 204, (byte) 102);
    //save with the modified palette
    // note that wherever we have previously used RED or LIME, the
    // new colors magically appear
    out = new FileOutputStream("modified_palette.xls");
    wb.write(out);
    out.close();
12.读和重写EXCEL文件
    POIFSFileSystem fs      =
            new POIFSFileSystem(new FileInputStream("workbook.xls"));
    HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs);
    HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);
    HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(2);
    HSSFCell cell = row.getCell((short)3);
    if (cell == null)
        cell = row.createCell((short)3);
    cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
    cell.setCellValue("a test");
    // Write the output to a file
    FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
    wb.write(fileOut);
    fileOut.close();
13.在EXCEL单元格中使用自动换行
    HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
    HSSFSheet s = wb.createSheet();
    HSSFRow r = null;
    HSSFCell c = null;
    HSSFCellStyle cs = wb.createCellStyle();
    HSSFFont f = wb.createFont();
    HSSFFont f2 = wb.createFont();
    cs = wb.createCellStyle();
    cs.setFont( f2 );
    //Word Wrap MUST be turned on
    cs.setWrapText( true );
    r = s.createRow( (short) 2 );
    r.setHeight( (short) 0x349 );
    c = r.createCell( (short) 2 );
    c.setCellType( HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING );
    c.setCellValue( "Use \n with word wrap on to create a new line" );
    c.setCellStyle( cs );
    s.setColumnWidth( (short) 2, (short) ( ( 50 * 8 ) / ( (double) 1 / 20 ) ) );
    FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream( "workbook.xls" );
    wb.write( fileOut );
    fileOut.close();
14.数字格式自定义
    HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
    HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("format sheet");
    HSSFCellStyle style;
    HSSFDataFormat format = wb.createDataFormat();
    HSSFRow row;
    HSSFCell cell;
    short rowNum = 0;
    short colNum = 0;
    row = sheet.createRow(rowNum++);
    cell = row.createCell(colNum);
    cell.setCellValue(11111.25);
    style = wb.createCellStyle();
    style.setDataFormat(format.getFormat("0.0"));
    cell.setCellStyle(style);
    row = sheet.createRow(rowNum++);
    cell = row.createCell(colNum);
    cell.setCellValue(11111.25);
    style = wb.createCellStyle();
    style.setDataFormat(format.getFormat("#,##0.0000"));
    cell.setCellStyle(style);
    FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
    wb.write(fileOut);
    fileOut.close();
15.调整工作单位置
    HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
    HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("format sheet");
    HSSFPrintSetup ps = sheet.getPrintSetup();
    sheet.setAutobreaks(true);
    ps.setFitHeight((short)1);
    ps.setFitWidth((short)1);
    // Create various cells and rows for spreadsheet.
    FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
    wb.write(fileOut);
    fileOut.close();
16.设置打印区域
    HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
    HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("Sheet1");
    wb.setPrintArea(0, "$A$1:$C$2");
    //sets the print area for the first sheet
    //Alternatively:
    //wb.setPrintArea(0, 0, 1, 0, 0) is equivalent to using the name reference (See the JavaDocs for more details)
    // Create various cells and rows for spreadsheet.
    FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
    wb.write(fileOut);
    fileOut.close();
17.标注脚注
    HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
    HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("format sheet");
    HSSFFooter footer = sheet.getFooter()
    footer.setRight( "Page " + HSSFFooter.page() + " of " + HSSFFooter.numPages() );

    // Create various cells and rows for spreadsheet.
    FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
    wb.write(fileOut);
    fileOut.close();
18.使用方便的内部提供的函数
    HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
    HSSFSheet sheet1 = wb.createSheet( "new sheet" );
    // Create a merged region
    HSSFRow row = sheet1.createRow( (short) 1 );
    HSSFRow row2 = sheet1.createRow( (short) 2 );
    HSSFCell cell = row.createCell( (short) 1 );
    cell.setCellValue( "This is a test of merging" );
    Region region = new Region( 1, (short) 1, 4, (short) 4 );
    sheet1.addMergedRegion( region );
    // Set the border and border colors.
    final short borderMediumDashed = HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_MEDIUM_DASHED;
    HSSFRegionUtil.setBorderBottom( borderMediumDashed,
        region, sheet1, wb );
    HSSFRegionUtil.setBorderTop( borderMediumDashed,
        region, sheet1, wb );
    HSSFRegionUtil.setBorderLeft( borderMediumDashed,
        region, sheet1, wb );
    HSSFRegionUtil.setBorderRight( borderMediumDashed,
        region, sheet1, wb );
    HSSFRegionUtil.setBottomBorderColor(HSSFColor.AQUA.index, region, sheet1, wb);
    HSSFRegionUtil.setTopBorderColor(HSSFColor.AQUA.index, region, sheet1, wb);
    HSSFRegionUtil.setLeftBorderColor(HSSFColor.AQUA.index, region, sheet1, wb);
    HSSFRegionUtil.setRightBorderColor(HSSFColor.AQUA.index, region, sheet1, wb);
    // Shows some usages of HSSFCellUtil
    HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
    style.setIndention((short)4);
    HSSFCellUtil.createCell(row, 8, "This is the value of the cell", style);
    HSSFCell cell2 = HSSFCellUtil.createCell( row2, 8, "This is the value of the cell");
    HSSFCellUtil.setAlignment(cell2, wb, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
    // Write out the workbook
    FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream( "workbook.xls" );
    wb.write( fileOut );
    fileOut.close();
19.在工作单中移动行，调整行的上下位置
    HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
    HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("row sheet");
    // Create various cells and rows for spreadsheet.
    // Shift rows 6 - 11 on the spreadsheet to the top (rows 0 - 5)
    sheet.shiftRows(5, 10, -5);
    FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
    wb.write(fileOut);
    fileOut.close();
20.选种指定的工作单
    HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
    HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("row sheet");
    sheet.setSelected(true);
    // Create various cells and rows for spreadsheet.
    FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
    wb.write(fileOut);
    fileOut.close();
21.工作单的放大缩小
    HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
    HSSFSheet sheet1 = wb.createSheet("new sheet");
    sheet1.setZoom(3,4);   // 75 percent magnification
    FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
    wb.write(fileOut);
    fileOut.close();
22.头注和脚注
    HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
    HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");
    HSSFHeader header = sheet.getHeader();
    header.setCenter("Center Header");
    header.setLeft("Left Header");
    header.setRight(HSSFHeader.font("Stencil-Normal", "Italic") +
                    HSSFHeader.fontSize((short) 16) + "Right w/ Stencil-Normal Italic font and size 16");
    FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls");
    wb.write(fileOut);
    fileOut.close();
//-------------------------------以上实例代码均来自官方网站
//-------------------------------POI中使用的颜色是用颜色索引来实现，如下：
   /*
    * 颜色对照表 数字代表颜色索引
        8： BLACK
        60： BROWN
        59： OLIVE_GREEN
        58： DARK_GREEN
        56： DARK_TEAL
        18： DARK_BLUE
        32： DARK_BLUE
        62： INDIGO
        63： GREY_80_PERCENT
        53： ORANGE
        19： DARK_YELLOW
        17： GREEN
        21： TEAL
        38： TEAL
        12： BLUE
        39： BLUE
        54： BLUE_GREY
        23： GREY_50_PERCENT
        10： RED
        52： LIGHT_ORANGE
        50： LIME
        57： SEA_GREEN
        49： AQUA
        48： LIGHT_BLUE
        20： VIOLET
        36： VIOLET
        55： GREY_40_PERCENT
        14： PINK
        33： PINK
        51： GOLD
        13： YELLOW
        34： YELLOW
        11： BRIGHT_GREEN
        35： BRIGHT_GREEN
        15： TURQUOISE
        35： TURQUOISE
        16： DARK_RED
        37： DARK_RED
        40： SKY_BLUE
        61： PLUM
        25： PLUM
        22： GREY_25_PERCENT
        45： ROSE
        43： LIGHT_YELLOW
        42： LIGHT_GREEN
        41： LIGHT_TURQUOISE
        27：LIGHT_TURQUOISE
        44： PALE_BLUE
        46： LAVENDER
        9： WHITE
        24： CORNFLOWER_BLUE
        26： LEMON_CHIFFON
        25： MAROON
        28： ORCHID
        29： CORAL
        30： ROYAL_BLUE
        31： LIGHT_CORNFLOWER_BLUE
    */
//----------------------------------------------------你可以按上面的方法来自定义颜色
   /*
    * 自定义颜色，去掉注释，贴加，其他则查看颜色对照表
   HSSFPalette palette = this.getCustomPalette();
   palette.setColorAtIndex(idx,
            i,  //RGB red (0-255)
            j,    //RGB green
            k     //RGB blue
         );        
   */
//---------------------------------------------------用以上的基础知识我们就可以制作复杂的多表头，控制元/
//格样式的操作了，具体的代码考虑到公司资产，所以隐去。
官方网站：http://jakarta.apache.org/poi/