Groovy闭包中的this,owner和delegate

http://yeziwang.iteye.com/blog/826918

 

 

要想了解Groovy闭包中的this,owner和delegate的含义，首先我们需要知道闭包能在哪些上下文中进行创建。

 

创建闭包的上下文

 

首先，闭包可以在方法体中创建（类的实例方法或者静态方法均可）

 

class Person{

    def static method(){
        def methodClosure={
            println "methodClosure this:"+this
            println "methodClosure owner:"+owner
            println "methodClosure delegate:"+delegate
        }
        methodClosure
    }
}

Person.method().call()

 

输出：

 

 

methodClosure this:class test.Person

methodClosure owner:class test.Person

methodClosure delegate:class test.Person

 

其次， 闭包可以在类中直接定义：

 

 

class Person{
    def static classClosure={
        println "classClosure this:"+this
        println "classClosure owner:"+owner
        println "classClosure delegate:"+delegate
    }

}

Person.classClosure.call()

 

输出：

 

 

classClosure this:class test.Person

classClosure owner:class test.Person

classClosure delegate:class test.Person

 

再者，闭包可以在groovy的script中直接定义，实际上也是在类中直接定义，同上，因为groovy的script实际上会被编译为Script.class

 

 

def scriptClosure={
    println "scriptClosure this:"+this
    println "scriptClosure owner:"+owner
    println "scriptClosure delegate:"+delegate
}

scriptClosure.call()

 

输出：

 

 

scriptClosure this:test.Script@a09e41

scriptClosure owner:test.Script@a09e41

scriptClosure delegate:test.Script@a09e41

 

最后， 闭包可以在闭包中定义：

 

 

def closure={
    def closureClosure={
        println "closureClosure this:"+this
        println "closureClosure owner:"+owner
        println "closureClosure delegate:"+delegate
    }
    closureClosure.call()
}

closure.call()

 

输出：

 

 

closureClosure this:test.Script@27cd63

closureClosure owner:test.Script$_run_closure2@746ad0

closureClosure delegate:test.Script$_run_closure2@746ad0

 

从上可以看到，闭包可以在四种上下文中进行定义，但是闭包中的this,owner 和 delegate的含义却各不相同。 

 

 

静态闭包和实例闭包

实际上，闭包根据其创建的上下文不同，还可以分为静态闭包和实例闭包，在这两种情况下，this，owner和delegate的含义也是不同的。

 

 

class ClosureTest{
    def static classClosure={
        println "classClosure this:"+this
        println "classClosure owner:"+owner
        println "classClosure delegate:"+delegate
    }

    def instanceClosure={
        println "instanceClosure this:"+this
        println "instanceClosure owner:"+owner
        println "instanceClosure delegate:"+delegate
    }

    def static classMethodClosure(){
        def classMethodClosure={
            println "classMethodClosure this:"+this
            println "classMethodClosure owner:"+owner
            println "classMethodClosure delegate:"+delegate
        }
        classMethodClosure.call()
    }

    def  instanceMethodClosure(){
        def instanceMethodClosure={
            println "instanceMethodClosure this:"+this
            println "instanceMethodClosure owner:"+owner
            println "instanceMethodClosure delegate:"+delegate
        }
        instanceMethodClosure.call()
    }
}

ClosureTest.classClosure()
new ClosureTest().instanceClosure()
ClosureTest.classMethodClosure()
new ClosureTest().instanceMethodClosure()

 

输出：

 

 

classClosure this:class test.ClosureTest
classClosure owner:class test.ClosureTest
classClosure delegate:class test.ClosureTest
instanceClosure this:test.ClosureTest@11d3226
instanceClosure owner:test.ClosureTest@11d3226
instanceClosure delegate:test.ClosureTest@11d3226
classMethodClosure this:class test.ClosureTest
classMethodClosure owner:class test.ClosureTest
classMethodClosure delegate:class test.ClosureTest
instanceMethodClosure this:test.ClosureTest@ecb3f1
instanceMethodClosure owner:test.ClosureTest@ecb3f1
instanceMethodClosure delegate:test.ClosureTest@ecb3f1

 

 

This在闭包中的含义

 

对于this来讲，它基本上保持了跟java中this一样的含义（在java的静态方法以及静态域中，this是没有任何含义的），在上面的闭包创建的4种上下文中，实际上可以了解为只有2种，一种是在普通的类中定义，如上面的Person类，一种是在groovy script中定义，实际上也是在类中定义，只不过这个是一个比较特殊的类而已（Groovy会将groovy script编译为Script.class), 所以，this在闭包中的含义指的是，表示定义该闭包的类的实例对象（实例闭包）或者类本身（静态闭包）。

 

 

 

Owner在闭包中的含义

对于owner来讲，它的含义基本上跟this的含义一样，只是除了一种情况，如果该闭包是在其他的闭包中定义的，那么owner是指向定义它的闭包对象。 如上面最后一种创建上下文：

 

closureClosure owner:test.Script$_run_closure2@746ad0

 

Delegate在闭包中的含义

对于delegate来讲，它的含义大多数情况下是跟owner的含义一样，除非它被显示的修改（通过Closure.setDelegate()方法进行修改）。

 

在上面的几种创建上下文中，可以看到，如果闭包的delegate没有被显示改动的话，那么delegate确实是同owner是一个含义。下面我们看看修改delegate的情况：

 

 

def scriptClosure={
    println "scriptClosure this:"+this
    println "scriptClosure owner:"+owner
    println "scriptClosure delegate:"+delegate
}
println "before setDelegate()"
scriptClosure.call()
scriptClosure.setDelegate ("abc")
println "after setDelegate()"
scriptClosure.call()

 

 

输出:

 

 

before setDelegate()
scriptClosure this:test.Script@67c1a6
scriptClosure owner:test.Script@67c1a6
scriptClosure delegate:test.Script@67c1a6
after setDelegate()
scriptClosure this:test.Script@67c1a6
scriptClosure owner:test.Script@67c1a6
scriptClosure delegate:abc

 

其中，delegate可以被设置为任意一个对象。

 

 

下面可以看下groovy中使用了setDelegate的应用：

 

 

String.metaClass.doTestClosure={
    println "doTestClosure this:"+this
    println "doTestClosure owner:"+owner
    println "doTestClosure delegate:"+delegate
}
"do test".doTestClosure()


Integer.metaClass.doTestClosure={
    println "doTestClosure this:"+this
    println "doTestClosure owner:"+owner
    println "doTestClosure delegate:"+delegate
}
1.doTestClosure()

 

输出：

 

 

doTestClosure this:test.Script@ffeef1
doTestClosure owner:test.Script@ffeef1
doTestClosure delegate:do test
doTestClosure this:test.Script@ffeef1
doTestClosure owner:test.Script@ffeef1
doTestClosure delegate:1

 

可以看到，在通过metaClass动态添加方法时，delegate都被动态的设置为了调用者的实例本身，如上面的"do test"字符窜，以及整数1. 

 

setDelegate还被广泛的使用于groovy builder的构建中。有兴趣的可以看下groovy中BuildSupport的实现。