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Oracle常用SQL(一)

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1、查看表空间的名称及大小   
  select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_size   
  from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d   
  where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name   
  group by t.tablespace_name;   
    
  2、查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小   
  select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,   
  round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space   
  from dba_data_files   
  order by tablespace_name;   
    
  3、查看回滚段名称及大小   
  select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status,   
  (initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent,   
  max_extents, v.curext CurExtent   
  From dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v   
  Where r.segment_id = v.usn(+)   
  order by segment_name ;   
    
  4、查看控制文件   
  select name from v$controlfile;   
    
  5、查看日志文件   
  select member from v$logfile;   
    
  6、查看表空间的使用情况   
  select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_name   
  from dba_free_space   
  group by tablespace_name;   
  SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE,   
  (B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE"   
  FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C   
  WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME;   
    
  7、查看数据库库对象   
  select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count# from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status;   
    
  8、查看数据库的版本    
  Select version FROM Product_component_version   
  Where SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6)='Oracle';   
    
  9、查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式   
  Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database;   
    
  10、捕捉运行很久的SQL   
  column username format a12   
  column opname format a16   
  column progress format a8   
  select username,sid,opname,   
      round(sofar*100 / totalwork,0) || '%' as progress,   
      time_remaining,sql_text   
  from v$session_longops , v$sql   
  where time_remaining <> 0   
  and sql_address = address   
  and sql_hash_value = hash_value   
  /   
    
  11。查看数据表的参数信息   
  SELECT  partition_name, high_value, high_value_length, tablespace_name,   
       pct_free, pct_used, ini_trans, max_trans, initial_extent,   
       next_extent, min_extent, max_extent, pct_increase, FREELISTS,   
       freelist_groups, LOGGING, BUFFER_POOL, num_rows, blocks,   
       empty_blocks, avg_space, chain_cnt, avg_row_len, sample_size,   
       last_analyzed   
    FROM dba_tab_partitions   
    --WHERE table_name = :tname AND table_owner = :towner   
  ORDER BY partition_position   
    
  12.查看还没提交的事务   
  select * from v$locked_object;   
  select * from v$transaction;   
    
  13。查找object为哪些进程所用   
  select   
  p.spid,   
  s.sid,   
  s.serial# serial_num,   
  s.username user_name,   
  a.type object_type,   
  s.osuser os_user_name,   
  a.owner,   
  a.object object_name,   
  decode(sign(48 - command),   
  1,   
  to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action,   
  p.program oracle_process,   
  s.terminal terminal,   
  s.program program,   
  s.status session_status    
  from v$session s, v$access a, v$process p    
  where s.paddr = p.addr and   
     s.type = 'USER' and    
     a.sid = s.sid  and   
    a.object='SUBSCRIBER_ATTR'   
  order by s.username, s.osuser   
    
  14。回滚段查看   
  select rownum, sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name Name, v$rollstat.extents   
  Extents, v$rollstat.rssize Size_in_Bytes, v$rollstat.xacts XActs,   
  v$rollstat.gets Gets, v$rollstat.waits Waits, v$rollstat.writes Writes,   
  sys.dba_rollback_segs.status status from v$rollstat, sys.dba_rollback_segs,   
  v$rollname where v$rollname.name(+) = sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name and   
  v$rollstat.usn (+) = v$rollname.usn order by rownum   
    
  15。耗资源的进程(top session)   
  select s.schemaname schema_name,  decode(sign(48 - command), 1,   
  to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action,  status   
  session_status,  s.osuser os_user_name,  s.sid,     p.spid ,     s.serial# serial_num,    
  nvl(s.username, '[Oracle process]') user_name,  s.terminal terminal,    
  s.program program,  st.value criteria_value from v$sesstat st,  v$session s , v$process p    
  where st.sid = s.sid and  st.statistic# = to_number('38') and  ('ALL' = 'ALL'   
  or s.status = 'ALL') and p.addr = s.paddr order by st.value desc, p.spid asc, s.username asc, s.osuser asc   
    
  16。查看锁(lock)情况   
  select /*+ RULE */ ls.osuser os_user_name,  ls.username user_name,    
  decode(ls.type, 'RW', 'Row wait enqueue lock', 'TM', 'DML enqueue lock', 'TX',   
  'Transaction enqueue lock', 'UL', 'User supplied lock') lock_type,    
  o.object_name object,  decode(ls.lmode, 1, null, 2, 'Row Share', 3,   
  'Row Exclusive', 4, 'Share', 5, 'Share Row Exclusive', 6, 'Exclusive', null)   
  lock_mode,  o.owner,  ls.sid,  ls.serial# serial_num,  ls.id1,  ls.id2     
  from sys.dba_objects o, (  select s.osuser,  s.username,  l.type,    
  l.lmode,  s.sid,  s.serial#,  l.id1,  l.id2  from v$session s,    
  v$lock l  where s.sid = l.sid ) ls where o.object_id = ls.id1 and  o.owner   
  <> 'SYS'  order by o.owner, o.object_name   
    
  17。查看等待(wait)情况   
  SELECT v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count count, SUM(v$sysstat.value) sum_value   
  FROM v$waitstat, v$sysstat WHERE v$sysstat.name IN ('db block gets',   
  'consistent gets') group by v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count   
    
  18。查看sga情况   
  SELECT NAME, BYTES FROM SYS.V_$SGASTAT ORDER BY NAME ASC   
    
  19。查看catched object   
  SELECT owner,       name,       db_link,       namespace,    
        type,       sharable_mem,       loads,       executions,    
        locks,       pins,       kept    FROM v$db_object_cache   
          
  20。查看V$SQLAREA   
  SELECT SQL_TEXT, SHARABLE_MEM, PERSISTENT_MEM, RUNTIME_MEM, SORTS,   
  VERSION_COUNT, LOADED_VERSIONS, OPEN_VERSIONS, USERS_OPENING, EXECUTIONS,   
  USERS_EXECUTING, LOADS, FIRST_LOAD_TIME, INVALIDATIONS, PARSE_CALLS, DISK_READS,   
   BUFFER_GETS, ROWS_PROCESSED FROM V$SQLAREA   
     
  21。查看object分类数量   
  select decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3 , 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 ,   
  'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) object_type , count(*) quantity from   
  sys.obj$ o where o.type# > 1 group by decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3   
  , 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 , 'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) union select   
  'COLUMN' , count(*) from sys.col$ union select 'DB LINK' , count(*) from   
    
  22。按用户查看object种类   
  select u.name schema,  sum(decode(o.type#, 1, 1, NULL)) indexes,    
  sum(decode(o.type#, 2, 1, NULL)) tables,  sum(decode(o.type#, 3, 1, NULL))   
  clusters,  sum(decode(o.type#, 4, 1, NULL)) views,  sum(decode(o.type#, 5, 1,   
  NULL)) synonyms,  sum(decode(o.type#, 6, 1, NULL)) sequences,    
  sum(decode(o.type#, 1, NULL, 2, NULL, 3, NULL, 4, NULL, 5, NULL, 6, NULL, 1))   
  others  from sys.obj$ o, sys.user$ u  where o.type# >= 1 and  u.user# =   
  o.owner# and  u.name <> 'PUBLIC'  group by u.name  order by   
  sys.link$ union select 'CONSTRAINT' , count(*) from sys.con$   
    
  23。有关connection的相关信息   
  1)查看有哪些用户连接   
  select s.osuser os_user_name,  decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command),   
   'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action,   p.program oracle_process,     
  status session_status,  s.terminal terminal,  s.program program,    
  s.username user_name,  s.fixed_table_sequence activity_meter,  '' query,    
  0 memory,  0 max_memory,   0 cpu_usage,  s.sid,  s.serial# serial_num     
  from v$session s,  v$process p  where s.paddr=p.addr and  s.type = 'USER'    
   order by s.username, s.osuser   
     
  2)根据v.sid查看对应连接的资源占用等情况   
  select n.name,   
  v.value,   
  n.class,   
  n.statistic#    
  from v$statname n,   
  v$sesstat v   
  where v.sid = 71 and   
  v.statistic# = n.statistic#   
  order by n.class, n.statistic#   
    
  3)根据sid查看对应连接正在运行的sql   
  select /*+ PUSH_SUBQ */   
  command_type,   
  sql_text,   
  sharable_mem,   
  persistent_mem,   
  runtime_mem,   
  sorts,   
  version_count,   
  loaded_versions,   
  open_versions,   
  users_opening,   
  executions,   
  users_executing,   
  loads,   
  first_load_time,   
  invalidations,   
  parse_calls,   
  disk_reads,   
  buffer_gets,   
  rows_processed,   
  sysdate start_time,   
  sysdate finish_time,   
  '>' || address sql_address,   
  'N' status   
  from v$sqlarea   
  where address = (select sql_address from v$session where sid = 71)   
    
  24.查询表空间使用情况  
  select a.tablespace_name "表空间名称",   
  100-round((nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/a.bytes_alloc)*100,2) "占用率(%)",   
  round(a.bytes_alloc/1024/1024,2) "容量(M)",   
  round(nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/1024/1024,2) "空闲(M)",   
  round((a.bytes_alloc-nvl(b.bytes_free,0))/1024/1024,2) "使用(M)",   
  Largest "最大扩展段(M)",   
  to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') "采样时间"   
  from (select f.tablespace_name,   
   sum(f.bytes) bytes_alloc,   
   sum(decode(f.autoextensible,'YES',f.maxbytes,'NO',f.bytes)) maxbytes   
  from dba_data_files f   
  group by tablespace_name) a,   
  (select f.tablespace_name,   
    sum(f.bytes) bytes_free   
  from dba_free_space f   
  group by tablespace_name) b,   
  (select round(max(ff.length)*16/1024,2) Largest,   
   ts.name tablespace_name   
  from sys.fet$ ff, sys.file$ tf,sys.ts$ ts   
  where ts.ts#=ff.ts# and ff.file#=tf.relfile# and ts.ts#=tf.ts#   
  group by ts.name, tf.blocks) c   
  where a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name and a.tablespace_name = c.tablespace_name;   
--还有下面这句  
SELECT UPPER(F.TABLESPACE_NAME) "表空间名",  
       D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB "表空间大小(M)",  
       D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES "已使用空间(M)",  
       TO_CHAR(ROUND((D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES) / D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB * 100,  
                     2),  
               '990.99') "使用比",  
       F.TOTAL_BYTES "空闲空间(M)",  
       F.MAX_BYTES "最大块(M)"  
FROM (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,  
               ROUND(SUM(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOTAL_BYTES,  
               ROUND(MAX(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) MAX_BYTES  
          FROM SYS.DBA_FREE_SPACE  
         GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) F,  
       (SELECT DD.TABLESPACE_NAME,  
               ROUND(SUM(DD.BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOT_GROOTTE_MB  
          FROM SYS.DBA_DATA_FILES DD  
         GROUP BY DD.TABLESPACE_NAME) D  
WHERE D.TABLESPACE_NAME = F.TABLESPACE_NAME  
ORDER BY 4 DESC;  
    
  25. 查询表空间的碎片程度   
  select tablespace_name,count(tablespace_name) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name   
  having count(tablespace_name)>10;   
  alter tablespace name coalesce;   
  alter table name deallocate unused;   
  create or replace view ts_blocks_v as   
  select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,'free space' segment_name from dba_free_space   
  union all   
  select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,segment_name from dba_extents;   
  select * from ts_blocks_v;   
  select tablespace_name,sum(bytes),max(bytes),count(block_id) from dba_free_space   
  group by tablespace_name;   
    
  26.查看有哪些实例在运行:   
  select * from v$active_instances;  
其它:  
    设置一列的宽度:col colname format a10;  
    设置一页的行数:set pagesize 50; 
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