Spring与Struts和JPA集成

这是一个Web Project

首先是web.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee 
	http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
	
	<!-- 指定Spring的配置文件，默认从web根目录下开始寻找配置文件 -->
	<!-- 我们可以通过Spring提供的classpath:前缀指定从类路径下寻找 -->
	<!-- 这里【contextConfigLocation】是固定的 -->
	<!-- 通过ContextLoaderListener类的第53行的new ContextLoader()跳转到ContextLoader.java类中 -->
	<!-- 在ContextLoader.java类的第93行发现CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM的值就是contextConfigLocation -->
	<!-- 这个值就是Spring系统内部使用的，所以是不能更改的，如果修改了的话，那么就找不到Spring的配置文件了 -->
	<context-param>
		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
		<param-value>classpath:beans.xml</param-value>
	</context-param>
	
	<!-- 实例化Spring容器 -->
	<!-- 当应用启动的时候，ContextLoaderListener就会被执行，然后就会读取Spring的相关配置文件 -->
	<!-- 它默认会到//当前Web应用//WebRoot//WEB-INF//目录中查找applicationContext.xml文件 -->
	<listener>
		<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
	</listener>
	
	<!-- 解决乱码问题 -->
	<filter>
		<filter-name>SpringCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
		<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>encoding</param-name>
			<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
		</init-param>
	</filter>
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>SpringCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>
	
	<!-- 解决JPA因EntityManager对象关闭，而导致的延迟加载的例外问题 -->
	<!-- 本工程用到的JPA的实现框架的Jar包，请参考http://blog.csdn.net/jadyer/archive/2010/11/22/6027641.aspx -->
	<filter>
		<filter-name>SpringOpenEntityManagerInViewFilter</filter-name>
		<filter-class>org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter</filter-class>
	</filter>
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>SpringOpenEntityManagerInViewFilter</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>

	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>struts</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>config</param-name>
			<param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>
		</init-param>
		<load-on-startup>0</load-on-startup>
	</servlet>
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>struts</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>
	
	<welcome-file-list>
		<welcome-file>login.jsp</welcome-file>
	</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

然后是位于//WebRoot//WEB-INF//中的struts-config.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC
          "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN"
          "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd">
<struts-config>
	<form-beans>
		<form-bean name="personForm" type="com.jadyer.web.form.PersonForm" />
	</form-beans>
	
	<action-mappings>
		<action path="/person/list" validate="false">
			<forward name="list" path="/WEB-INF/page/personlist.jsp" />
		</action>
		<action path="/person/manage" parameter="method" name="personForm" scope="request" validate="false">
			<forward name="message" path="/WEB-INF/page/message.jsp" />
		</action>
	</action-mappings>
	
	<!-- 在Struts1.x配置文件中添加Spring的请求控制器，它会根据Action的path值到Spring容器中寻找同名bean -->
	<!-- 即把Action交给Spring管理，然后在Action中就可以通过DI注入业务层bean，此时要确保Action的path值与bean的名称相同 -->
	<!-- 注意：不要忘记引入//spring-framework-2.5.6.SEC01//dist//modules//spring-webmvc-struts.jar文件 -->
	<controller>
		<set-property property="processorClass" value="org.springframework.web.struts.DelegatingRequestProcessor" />
	</controller>
</struts-config>

接着是用于收集用户名的login.jsp页面

<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>

<h2>Struts1.2.9和Spring2.5.6和JPA的集成</h2>

<form action="person/manage.do" method="POST">
	<input type="hidden" name="method" value="add">
    人员姓名：<input type="text" name="name"><br/>
    <input type="submit" value="添加人员">
</form>

位于//WebRoot//WEB-INF//page//中的用于显示添加新用户的结果的message.jsp页面

<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>

<font style="color:green;font-size:22px" mce_style="color:green;font-size:22px">${message}</font>
<br/>
<br/>
查看<a href="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/person/list.do">人员列表</a>信息

位于//WebRoot//WEB-INF//page//中的用于显示用户列表的personlist.jsp页面

<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<c:forEach items="${persons}" var="person">
	编号：${person.id}<br/>
	姓名：${person.name}<br/><br/>
</c:forEach>

然后是位于//src//META-INF//中的JPA持久化单元文件persistence.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence
	http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_1_0.xsd"
	version="1.0">
	<persistence-unit name="ssj" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
		<properties>
			<property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle10gDialect" />
			<property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true"/>
			<property name="hibernate.format_sql" value="true"/>
			<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="update"/><!-- 同步数据库的表信息 -->
			<property name="hibernate.max_fetch_depth" value="3" />
			<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value="oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver" />
			<property name="hibernate.connection.username" value="scott" />
			<property name="hibernate.connection.password" value="jadyer" />
			<property name="hibernate.connection.url" value="jdbc:oracle:thin:@127.0.0.1:1521:jadyer" />
		</properties>
	</persistence-unit>
</persistence>

接着是位于src根目录【即classpath下】的beans.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">
           
	<!-- Spring2.5中使用注解装配属性 -->
	<!-- 可参考我的文章：http://blog.csdn.net/jadyer/archive/2010/11/27/6038604.aspx -->
	<context:annotation-config />
	
	<!-- EntityManagerFactory与SessionFactory的作用是比较相似的 -->
	<bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalEntityManagerFactoryBean">
		<!-- 这里的value就是//src//META-INF//persistence.xml中配置的持久化单元名称 -->
		<property name="persistenceUnitName" value="ssj" />
	</bean>
	
	<!-- 配置Spring针对JPA所封装的事务管理器 -->
	<bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
		<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" />
	</bean>
	<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager" />
	
	<bean id="personService" class="com.jadyer.service.impl.PersonServiceImpl" />
	
	<bean name="/person/list" class="com.jadyer.web.action.PersonAction" />
	<bean name="/person/manage" class="com.jadyer.web.action.PersonManageAction" />
</beans>

用到的数据库实体类Person.java

package com.jadyer.model;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;

@Entity
public class Person{
	private Integer id;
	private String name;
	
	public Person(){} //保留无参的构造函数
	
	public Person(String name){
		this.name = name;
	}

	@Id @GeneratedValue //默认根据数据库方言决定主键值的生成策略
	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	
	@Column(length=10,nullable=false)
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	@Override
	public int hashCode() {
		final int prime = 31;
		int result = 1;
		result = prime * result + ((id == null) ? 0 : id.hashCode());
		return result;
	}
	//建议大家重载hashCode()和equals()方法
	//重载时根据实体的标识，即id来判断两个对象是否相等
	@Override
	public boolean equals(Object obj) {
		if (this == obj)
			return true;
		if (obj == null)
			return false;
		if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
			return false;
		final Person other = (Person) obj;
		if (id == null) {
			if (other.id != null)
				return false;
		} else if (!id.equals(other.id))
			return false;
		return true;
	}
}

用到的服务层接口以及实现类

package com.jadyer.service;
import java.util.List;
import com.jadyer.model.Person;
public interface PersonService {
	public void save(Person person);
	public List<Person> getPersons();
}

/**
 * 上面的PersonService是服务层的接口
 * 下面的PersonServiceBean是服务层接口的实现类
 */


package com.jadyer.service.impl;

import java.util.List;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import com.jadyer.model.Person;
import com.jadyer.service.PersonService;

@Transactional
public class PersonServiceImpl implements PersonService {
	//使用@PersistenceContext注解注入EntityManager对象，它由JAP规范所提供，并且Spring对它也支持
	@PersistenceContext
	EntityManager em;
	
	public void save(Person person){
		em.persist(person);
	}

	//查询，无需开启事务
	@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.NOT_SUPPORTED, readOnly=true)
	public List<Person> getPersons(){
		return em.createQuery("select o from Person o").getResultList();
	}
}

接着是Struts1.x中用于收集前台表单信息的ActionForm类

package com.jadyer.web.formbean;

import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;

public class PersonForm extends ActionForm {
	private Integer id;
	private String name;
	/* 两个属性的setter和getter略 */
}

然后是Struts1.x中用于添加用户的Action类

package com.jadyer.web.action;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import org.apache.struts.actions.DispatchAction;

import com.jadyer.model.Person;
import com.jadyer.service.PersonService;
import com.jadyer.web.formbean.PersonForm;

public class PersonManageAction extends DispatchAction {
	@Resource //关于@Resource注解的资料，请参考我的文章：http://blog.csdn.net/jadyer/archive/2010/11/27/6038604.aspx
	PersonService personService;

	public ActionForward add(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
			HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws Exception {
		PersonForm formbean = (PersonForm)form;
		personService.save(new Person(formbean.getName()));
		
		request.setAttribute("message", "添加人员成功");
		
		return mapping.findForward("message");
	}
}

最后是Struts1.x中用于显示用户列表的Action类

package com.jadyer.web.action;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;

import com.jadyer.service.PersonService;

public class PersonAction extends Action {
	@Resource
	PersonService personService;

	@Override
	public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
			HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws Exception {
		request.setAttribute("persons", personService.getPersons());
		return mapping.findForward("list");
	}
}

另外附上使用JUnit4编写的单元测试类PersonServiceTest.java

package com.jadyer.junit;

import java.util.List;

import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.jadyer.model.Person;
import com.jadyer.service.PersonService;

public class PersonServiceTest {
	private static PersonService personService;

	@BeforeClass
	public static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {
		try {
			ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
			personService = (PersonService) context.getBean("personService");
		} catch (RuntimeException e) {
			e.printStackTrace(); //若出错，则打印提示信息到控制台。否则它是不会打印到控制台上的
		}
	}

	@Test
	public void testSave() {
		personService.save(new Person("张起灵"));
		personService.save(new Person("汪藏海"));
		personService.save(new Person("铁面生"));
	}

	@Test
	public void testGetPersons() {
		List<Person> persons = personService.getPersons();
		for(Person person : persons){
			System.out.println(person.getName());
		}
	}
}