Android Asynchronous Http Client-Android异步网络请求客户端接口

djun100

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1.简介
Android中网络请求一般使用Apache HTTP Client或者采用HttpURLConnect，但是直接使用这两个类库需要写大量的代码才能完成网络post和get请求，而使用android-async-http这个库可以大大的简化操作，它是基于Apache’s HttpClient ，所有的请求都是独立在UI主线程之外，通过回调方法处理请求结果，采用android Handlermessage 机制传递信息。

2.特性
(1)采用异步http请求，并通过匿名内部类处理回调结果
(2)http请求独立在UI主线程之外
(3)采用线程池来处理并发请求
(4)采用RequestParams类创建GET/POST参数
(5)不需要第三方包即可支持Multipart file文件上传
(6)大小只有25kb
(7)自动为各种移动电话处理连接断开时请求重连
(8)超快的自动gzip响应解码支持
(9)使用BinaryHttpResponseHandler类下载二进制文件(如图片)
(10) 使用JsonHttpResponseHandler类可以自动将响应结果解析为json格式
(11)持久化cookie存储，可以将cookie保存到你的应用程序的SharedPreferences中

3.使用方法
(1)到官网http://loopj.com/android-async-http/下载最新的android-async-http-1.4.4.jar，然后将此jar包添加进Android应用程序 libs文件夹
(2)通过import com.loopj.android.http.*;引入相关类
(3)创建异步请求

[java] view plain copy print ?

AsyncHttpClientclient=newAsyncHttpClient();
client.get("http://www.google.com",newAsyncHttpResponseHandler(){
@Override
publicvoidonSuccess(Stringresponse){
System.out.println(response);
}
});

AsyncHttpClient client = new AsyncHttpClient();
client.get("http://www.google.com", new AsyncHttpResponseHandler() {
    @Override
    public void onSuccess(String response) {
        System.out.println(response);
    }
});

4.建议使用静态的Http Client对象
在下面这个例子，我们创建了静态的http client对象，使其很容易连接到Twitter的API

[java] view plain copy print ?

importcom.loopj.android.http.*;
publicclassTwitterRestClient{
privatestaticfinalStringBASE_URL="http://api.twitter.com/1/";
privatestaticAsyncHttpClientclient=newAsyncHttpClient();
publicstaticvoidget(Stringurl,RequestParamsparams,AsyncHttpResponseHandlerresponseHandler){
client.get(getAbsoluteUrl(url),params,responseHandler);
}
publicstaticvoidpost(Stringurl,RequestParamsparams,AsyncHttpResponseHandlerresponseHandler){
client.post(getAbsoluteUrl(url),params,responseHandler);
}
privatestaticStringgetAbsoluteUrl(StringrelativeUrl){
returnBASE_URL+relativeUrl;
}
}

import com.loopj.android.http.*;

public class TwitterRestClient {
  private static final String BASE_URL = "http://api.twitter.com/1/";

  private static AsyncHttpClient client = new AsyncHttpClient();

  public static void get(String url, RequestParams params, AsyncHttpResponseHandler responseHandler) {
      client.get(getAbsoluteUrl(url), params, responseHandler);
  }

  public static void post(String url, RequestParams params, AsyncHttpResponseHandler responseHandler) {
      client.post(getAbsoluteUrl(url), params, responseHandler);
  }

  private static String getAbsoluteUrl(String relativeUrl) {
      return BASE_URL + relativeUrl;
  }
}

然后我们可以很容易的在代码中操作Twitter的API

[java] view plain copy print ?

importorg.json.*;
importcom.loopj.android.http.*;
classTwitterRestClientUsage{
publicvoidgetPublicTimeline()throwsJSONException{
TwitterRestClient.get("statuses/public_timeline.json",null,newJsonHttpResponseHandler(){
@Override
publicvoidonSuccess(JSONArraytimeline){
//Pulloutthefirsteventonthepublictimeline
JSONObjectfirstEvent=timeline.get(0);
StringtweetText=firstEvent.getString("text");
//Dosomethingwiththeresponse
System.out.println(tweetText);
}
});
}
}

import org.json.*;
import com.loopj.android.http.*;

class TwitterRestClientUsage {
    public void getPublicTimeline() throws JSONException {
        TwitterRestClient.get("statuses/public_timeline.json", null, new JsonHttpResponseHandler() {
            @Override
            public void onSuccess(JSONArray timeline) {
                // Pull out the first event on the public timeline
                JSONObject firstEvent = timeline.get(0);
                String tweetText = firstEvent.getString("text");

                // Do something with the response
                System.out.println(tweetText);
            }
        });
    }
}

5. AsyncHttpClient, RequestParams ,AsyncHttpResponseHandler三个类使用方法
(1)AsyncHttpClient
public class AsyncHttpClient extends java.lang.Object
该类通常用在android应用程序中创建异步GET, POST, PUT和DELETE HTTP请求，请求参数通过RequestParams实例创建，响应通过重写匿名内部类 ResponseHandlerInterface的方法处理。
例子：

[java] view plain copy print ?

AsyncHttpClientclient=newAsyncHttpClient();
client.get("http://www.google.com",newResponseHandlerInterface(){
@Override
publicvoidonSuccess(Stringresponse){
System.out.println(response);
}
});

AsyncHttpClient client = new AsyncHttpClient();
 client.get("http://www.google.com", new ResponseHandlerInterface() {
     @Override
     public void onSuccess(String response) {
         System.out.println(response);
     }
 });

(2)RequestParams
public class RequestParams extends java.lang.Object
用于创建AsyncHttpClient实例中的请求参数(包括字符串或者文件)的集合
例子：

[java] view plain copy print ?

RequestParamsparams=newRequestParams();
params.put("username","james");
params.put("password","123456");
params.put("email","my@email.com");
params.put("profile_picture",newFile("pic.jpg"));//UploadaFile
params.put("profile_picture2",someInputStream);//UploadanInputStream
params.put("profile_picture3",newByteArrayInputStream(someBytes));//Uploadsomebytes
Map<String,String>map=newHashMap<String,String>();
map.put("first_name","James");
map.put("last_name","Smith");
params.put("user",map);//urlparams:"user[first_name]=James&user[last_name]=Smith"
Set<String>set=newHashSet<String>();//unorderedcollection
set.add("music");
set.add("art");
params.put("like",set);//urlparams:"like=music&like=art"
List<String>list=newArrayList<String>();//Orderedcollection
list.add("Java");
list.add("C");
params.put("languages",list);//urlparams:"languages[]=Java&languages[]=C"
String[]colors={"blue","yellow"};//Orderedcollection
params.put("colors",colors);//urlparams:"colors[]=blue&colors[]=yellow"
List<Map<String,String>>listOfMaps=newArrayList<Map<String,String>>();
Map<String,String>user1=newHashMap<String,String>();
user1.put("age","30");
user1.put("gender","male");
Map<String,String>user2=newHashMap<String,String>();
user2.put("age","25");
user2.put("gender","female");
listOfMaps.add(user1);
listOfMaps.add(user2);
params.put("users",listOfMaps);//urlparams:"users[][age]=30&users[][gender]=male&users[][age]=25&users[][gender]=female"
AsyncHttpClientclient=newAsyncHttpClient();
client.post("http://myendpoint.com",params,responseHandler);

RequestParams params = new RequestParams();
 params.put("username", "james");
 params.put("password", "123456");
 params.put("email", "my@email.com");
 params.put("profile_picture", new File("pic.jpg")); // Upload a File
 params.put("profile_picture2", someInputStream); // Upload an InputStream
 params.put("profile_picture3", new ByteArrayInputStream(someBytes)); // Upload some bytes

 Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
 map.put("first_name", "James");
 map.put("last_name", "Smith");
 params.put("user", map); // url params: "user[first_name]=James&user[last_name]=Smith"

 Set<String> set = new HashSet<String>(); // unordered collection
 set.add("music");
 set.add("art");
 params.put("like", set); // url params: "like=music&like=art"

 List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>(); // Ordered collection
 list.add("Java");
 list.add("C");
 params.put("languages", list); // url params: "languages[]=Java&languages[]=C"

 String[] colors = { "blue", "yellow" }; // Ordered collection
 params.put("colors", colors); // url params: "colors[]=blue&colors[]=yellow"

 List<Map<String, String>> listOfMaps = new ArrayList<Map<String, String>>();
 Map<String, String> user1 = new HashMap<String, String>();
 user1.put("age", "30");
 user1.put("gender", "male");
 Map<String, String> user2 = new HashMap<String, String>();
 user2.put("age", "25");
 user2.put("gender", "female");
 listOfMaps.add(user1);
 listOfMaps.add(user2);
 params.put("users", listOfMaps); // url params: "users[][age]=30&users[][gender]=male&users[][age]=25&users[][gender]=female"

 AsyncHttpClient client = new AsyncHttpClient();
 client.post("http://myendpoint.com", params, responseHandler);

(3)public class AsyncHttpResponseHandler extends java.lang.Object implements ResponseHandlerInterface
用于拦截和处理由AsyncHttpClient创建的请求。在匿名类AsyncHttpResponseHandler中的重写 onSuccess(int, org.apache.http.Header[], byte[])方法用于处理响应成功的请求。此外，你也可以重写 onFailure(int, org.apache.http.Header[], byte[], Throwable), onStart(), onFinish(), onRetry() 和onProgress(int, int)方法
例子：

[java] view plain copy print ?

AsyncHttpClientclient=newAsyncHttpClient();
client.get("http://www.google.com",newAsyncHttpResponseHandler(){
@Override
publicvoidonStart(){
//Initiatedtherequest
}
@Override
publicvoidonSuccess(intstatusCode,Header[]headers,byte[]responseBody){
//Successfullygotaresponse
}
@Override
publicvoidonFailure(intstatusCode,Header[]headers,byte[]responseBody,Throwableerror)
{
//Responsefailed:(
}
@Override
publicvoidonRetry(){
//Requestwasretried
}
@Override
publicvoidonProgress(intbytesWritten,inttotalSize){
//Progressnotification
}
@Override
publicvoidonFinish(){
//Completedtherequest(eithersuccessorfailure)
}
});

AsyncHttpClient client = new AsyncHttpClient();
 client.get("http://www.google.com", new AsyncHttpResponseHandler() {
     @Override
     public void onStart() {
         // Initiated the request
     }

     @Override
     public void onSuccess(int statusCode, Header[] headers, byte[] responseBody) {
         // Successfully got a response
     }

     @Override
     public void onFailure(int statusCode, Header[] headers, byte[] responseBody, Throwable error)
 {
         // Response failed :(
     }

     @Override
     public void onRetry() {
         // Request was retried
     }

     @Override
     public void onProgress(int bytesWritten, int totalSize) {
         // Progress notification
     }

     @Override
     public void onFinish() {
         // Completed the request (either success or failure)
     }
 });

6.利用PersistentCookieStore持久化存储cookie
PersistentCookieStore类用于实现Apache HttpClient的CookieStore接口，可以自动的将cookie保存到Android设备的SharedPreferences中，如果你打算使用cookie来管理验证会话，这个非常有用，因为用户可以保持登录状态，不管关闭还是重新打开你的app
(1)首先创建 AsyncHttpClient实例对象

[java] view plain copy print ?

AsyncHttpClientmyClient=newAsyncHttpClient();

AsyncHttpClient myClient = new AsyncHttpClient();

(2)将客户端的cookie保存到PersistentCookieStore实例对象,带有activity或者应用程序context的构造方法

[java] view plain copy print ?

PersistentCookieStoremyCookieStore=newPersistentCookieStore(this);
myClient.setCookieStore(myCookieStore);

PersistentCookieStore myCookieStore = new PersistentCookieStore(this);
myClient.setCookieStore(myCookieStore);

(3)任何从服务器端获取的cookie都会持久化存储到myCookieStore中，添加一个cookie到存储中，只需要构造一个新的cookie对象，并且调用addCookie方法

[java] view plain copy print ?

BasicClientCookienewCookie=newBasicClientCookie("cookiesare","awesome");
newCookie.setVersion(1);
newCookie.setDomain("mydomain.com");
newCookie.setPath("/");
myCookieStore.addCookie(newCookie);

BasicClientCookie newCookie = new BasicClientCookie("cookiesare", "awesome");
newCookie.setVersion(1);
newCookie.setDomain("mydomain.com");
newCookie.setPath("/");
myCookieStore.addCookie(newCookie);

7.利用RequestParams上传文件
类RequestParams支持multipart file 文件上传
(1)在RequestParams 对象中添加InputStream用于上传

[java] view plain copy print ?

InputStreammyInputStream=blah;
RequestParamsparams=newRequestParams();
params.put("secret_passwords",myInputStream,"passwords.txt");

InputStream myInputStream = blah;
RequestParams params = new RequestParams();
params.put("secret_passwords", myInputStream, "passwords.txt");

(2)添加文件对象用于上传

[java] view plain copy print ?

FilemyFile=newFile("/path/to/file.png");
RequestParamsparams=newRequestParams();
try{
params.put("profile_picture",myFile);
}catch(FileNotFoundExceptione){}

File myFile = new File("/path/to/file.png");
RequestParams params = new RequestParams();
try {
    params.put("profile_picture", myFile);
} catch(FileNotFoundException e) {}

(3)添加字节数组用于上传

[java] view plain copy print ?

byte[]myByteArray=blah;
RequestParamsparams=newRequestParams();
params.put("soundtrack",newByteArrayInputStream(myByteArray),"she-wolf.mp3");

byte[] myByteArray = blah;
RequestParams params = new RequestParams();
params.put("soundtrack", new ByteArrayInputStream(myByteArray), "she-wolf.mp3");

8.用BinaryHttpResponseHandler下载二进制数据

[java] view plain copy print ?

BinaryHttpResponseHandler用于获取二进制数据如图片和其他文件
AsyncHttpClientclient=newAsyncHttpClient();
String[]allowedContentTypes=newString[]{"image/png","image/jpeg"};
client.get("http://example.com/file.png",newBinaryHttpResponseHandler(allowedContentTypes){
@Override
publicvoidonSuccess(byte[]fileData){
//Dosomethingwiththefile
}
});

BinaryHttpResponseHandler用于获取二进制数据如图片和其他文件
AsyncHttpClient client = new AsyncHttpClient();
String[] allowedContentTypes = new String[] { "image/png", "image/jpeg" };
client.get("http://example.com/file.png", new BinaryHttpResponseHandler(allowedContentTypes) {
    @Override
    public void onSuccess(byte[] fileData) {
        // Do something with the file
    }
});

参考资料：http://loopj.com/android-async-http/

转自：http://blog.csdn.net/hil2000/article/details/13949513

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