创建Oracle数据库

新建数据库步骤：
1.通过运行Oracle Database Configuration Assistant 创建、配置、或删除数据库(在命令行输入dbca也可)；
2.用命令行的方式建立数据库
3.通过运行自定义的批处理脚本（或create_ORACLE_SID.bat(create_ORACLE_SID.sql)）来创建

1.通过运行Oracle Database Configuration Assistant 创建、配置、或删除数据库；
（C:oracleora81binlaunch.exe c:oracleora81assistantsdbca DBAssist.cl）
建议不熟悉创建过程的DBA使用该方法，只需要根据选项“下一步”进行配置，最后生成数据库的创建脚本（建议保留），或者直接创建数据库；
优点：GUI方法使用方便；
缺点：不过创建过程有些慢；

2.用命令行的方式建立数据库

CONNECT / AS SYSDBA
STARTUP PFILE= 'C:oracleadmininit_testorcl.ora' NOMOUNT;
CREATE DATABASE testOrcl DATAFILE '/u02/oracle/testOrcl/system01.dbf' SIZE 100M
LOGFILE GROUP1 ('/u01/oracle/testOrcl/redo1a.log'，
                  '/u02/oracle/testOrcl/redo1b.log') SIZE 500K，
          GROUP2 ('/u01/oracle/testOrcl/redo1a.log'，
                  '/u02/oracle/testOrcl/redo1b.log') SIZE 500K
CHARACTER SET ZHS16CGB231280;

--将数据库直接从未建置状态转换到打开状态
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

--删除数据库(Dropping a Database)
SPOOL C:DROP_DATABASE.BAT
SELECT 'DEL '||NAME 删除数据库相关数据文件 FROM V$DATAFILE;
SELECT 'DEL '||MEMBER 删除数据重构日志文件 FROM V$LOGFILE;
SPOOL OFF;

优点：可以熟悉创建指令，创建原理；
缺点：配置简单，要求熟记命令行指令；

3.通过运行自定义的批处理脚本（或create_ORACLE_SID.bat(create_ORACLE_SID.sql)）来创建
--create_ORACLE_SID.bat
set ORACLE_SID= ORACLE_SID.
del C:ORACLE8IdatabasepwdORACLE_SID.ora
C:ORACLE8Ibinoradim -new -sid ORACLE_SID. -intpwd oracle -startmode manual
   -pfile C:ORACLE8IadminORACLE_SIDpfileinit.ora
C:ORACLE8Ibinsvrmgrl @C:WINNTProfilesAdministratorLbORACLE_SIDrun.sql
C:ORACLE8Ibinsvrmgrl @C:WINNTProfilesAdministratorLbORACLE_SIDrun1.sql
C:ORACLE8Ibinoradim -edit -sid ORACLE_SID -startmode auto

--ORACLE_SIDrun.sql
spool C:ORACLE8IadminORACLE_SIDcreatecreatedb
set echo on
connect INTERNAL/oracle
startup nomount pfile=C:ORACLE8IadminORACLE_SIDpfileinit.ora
CREATE DATABASE ORACLE_SID
LOGFILE 'C:ORACLE8IoradataORACLE_SIDredo01.log' SIZE 1024K，
          'C:ORACLE8IoradataORACLE_SIDredo02.log' SIZE 1024K
MAXLOGFILES 32
MAXLOGMEMBERS 2
MAXLOGHISTORY 1
DATAFILE 'C:ORACLE8IoradataORACLE_SIDsystem01.dbf' SIZE 50M REUSE
MAXDATAFILES 254
MAXINSTANCES 1
CHARACTER SET ZHT16BIG5
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET ZHT16BIG5;
spool off

--ORACLE_SIDrun1.sql
spool C:ORACLE8IadminORACLE_SIDcreatecreatedb1
set echo on
connect INTERNAL/oracle
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 'C:ORACLE8IoradataORACLE_SIDsystem01.dbf' AUTOEXTEND ON;
CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT SYSROL TABLESPACE "SYSTEM" STORAGE (INITIAL 100K NEXT 100K);
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "SYSROL" ONLINE;

REM ********** TABLESPACE FOR ROLLBACK **********
CREATE TABLESPACE RBS DATAFILE 'C:ORACLE8IoradataORACLE_SIDrbs01.dbf' SIZE 12M REUSE
DEFAULT STORAGE ( INITIAL 1024K NEXT 1024K MINEXTENTS 2 MAXEXTENTS 121 PCTINCREASE 0);
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 'C:ORACLE8IoradataORACLE_SIDrbs01.dbf' AUTOEXTEND ON;

REM ********** ALTER SYSTEM TABLESPACE *********
ALTER TABLESPACE SYSTEM
DEFAULT STORAGE ( INITIAL 100K NEXT 100K MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 300 PCTINCREASE 1);

REM ********** TABLESPACE FOR USER **********
CREATE TABLESPACE USERS DATAFILE 'C:ORACLE8IoradataORACLE_SIDusers01.dbf' SIZE 3M REUSE
DEFAULT STORAGE ( INITIAL 50K NEXT 50K MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 121 PCTINCREASE 1);
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 'C:ORACLE8IoradataORACLE_SIDusers01.dbf' AUTOEXTEND ON;

REM ********** TABLESPACE FOR TEMPORARY **********
CREATE TABLESPACE TEMP DATAFILE 'C:ORACLE8IoradataORACLE_SIDtemp01.dbf' SIZE 50M REUSE
DEFAULT STORAGE ( INITIAL 100K NEXT 100K MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 121 PCTINCREASE 0) TEMPORARY;
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 'C:ORACLE8IoradataORACLE_SIDtemp01.dbf' AUTOEXTEND ON;

REM ********** TABLESPACE FOR INDEX **********
CREATE TABLESPACE INDX DATAFILE 'C:ORACLE8IoradataORACLE_SIDindx01.dbf' SIZE 10M REUSE
DEFAULT STORAGE ( INITIAL 50K NEXT 50K MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 121 PCTINCREASE 1);
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 'C:ORACLE8IoradataORACLE_SIDindx01.dbf' AUTOEXTEND ON;

REM ********** TABLESPACE FOR OEM_REPOSITORY **********
CREATE TABLESPACE OEM_REPOSITORY DATAFILE 'C:ORACLE8IoradataORACLE_SIDoemrep01.dbf' SIZE 5M REUSE
AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 25M MAXSIZE 80M
MINIMUM EXTENT 128K
DEFAULT STORAGE ( INITIAL 128K NEXT 128K MINEXTENTS 1
   MAXEXTENTS UNLIMITED PCTINCREASE 0);

CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RB0 TABLESPACE RBS
STORAGE (INITIAL 100K NEXT 250K);
CREATE PUBLIC ROLLBACK SEGMENT RB1 TABLESPACE RBS
STORAGE (INITIAL 100K NEXT 250K);
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RB0" ONLINE;
ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT "RB1" ONLINE;
alter user sys temporary tablespace TEMP;
@C:ORACLE8IRdbmsadmincatalog.sql;
@C:ORACLE8IRdbmsadmincatexp7.sql
@C:ORACLE8IRdbmsadmincatproc.sql
@C:ORACLE8IRdbmsadmincaths.sql
connect system/manager
@C:ORACLE8Idbspupbld.sql
connect INTERNAL/oracle
@C:ORACLE8IRdbmsadminscott.sql
connect INTERNAL/oracle
@C:ORACLE8IRdbmsadmindemo.sql
connect INTERNAL/oracle
alter rollback segment "SYSROL" offline;
spool off

文章引用自：http://hi.baidu.com/honfei/blog/item/c673eb8be1db3e14c9fc7a50.html