ubuntu下安装mysql（二进制）到自定义目录

一，安装
1, 下载 mysql二进制文件： http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/ 页面，选择linux generic ，然后选择最后一个 “Linux - Generic (glibc 2.5) (x86, 32-bit), Compressed TAR Archive” 进行下载 （32或者64根据是实际情况）
2, 先创建一个group和一个属于这个组的user
shell> groupadd group1
shell> useradd -r -g group1 user1
3,  解压下载的二进制包， 到自己要放的位置， 如home/user/mysql
4, cd home/user/mysql
5, 赋予操作权限：
   chown -R user1 . 
   chgrp -R group1 .
6, scripts/mysql_install_db --user=user1  为user1安装数据库 （需要libaio包，使用新德里帮忙下一下）
note：如果遇到[ERROR] Can't find messagefile '/usr/share/mysql/errmsg.sys'
那么就把刚刚解压的包中/share/english下的 errmsg.sys 拷贝过去就行
7, 赋权限：（前面加sudo）
   chown -R root . 
   chgrp -R group1 . 
   chown -R root . 
   chown -R user1 data
8,启动mysql后台服务：
  bin/mysqld_safe --user=user1 &
note：可能遇到 bin/mysqld: Can't change dir to '/var/lib/mysql/'的错误，
这个要修改解压包下的my.cnf 加上basedir和datadir 便可。
如果没有报错，那么就是服务器的启动成功。
测试一下：
新开一个terminal，
cd home/user/mysql/bin
./mysqladmin version
正确的话 就会显示版本信息之类的 并且没有其他错误报出。

二，增加安全性
cd home/user/mysql
bin/mysql_secure_installation
note:如果这里出现这么个错误：
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock'
那么将/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock 建立一个link到 /tmp/mysql.sock就可以解决
然后具体步骤的一些 信息如下：
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL
root user without the proper authorisation.

Set root password? [Y/n] y
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!

By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
... Success!

By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
... Success!

三，便利设置
1,将mysql的路径加到环境变量中去：
sudo gedit /etc/profile
然后加入：
1, export MYSQL_HOME=home/user/mysql;
2,在PATH=XX后面加入 :$MYSQL_HOME/bin