`

我使用过的Linux命令之perror - 解释错误代码

阅读更多

我使用过的Linux命令之perror - 解释错误代码

本文链接:http://codingstandards.iteye.com/blog/1127327   (转载请注明出处)

 

用途说明

perror命令是MySQL数据库系统中的一个工具程序,它用于打印C语言中errno错误代码的含义、也可以打印MySQL中存储引擎错误代码的含义。(perror prints a description for a system error code or for a storage engine (table handler) error code.)

 

由于perror是MySQL中的一个工具程序,在没有安装MySQL的机器上就无法执行,本文的示例四将给出大致的源代码供大家参考。

 

常用参数

格式:perror <errno>

打印系统错误代码errno值的含义。

 

格式:perror <Errcode>

打印MySQL数据库系统中定义的错误代码的含义。

 

格式:perror <err1> <err2> ...

打印多个错误代码的含义。

 

man perror 写道
For most system errors, MySQL displays, in addition to an internal text message, the system error code in one
of the following styles:

message ... (errno: #)
message ... (Errcode: #)
 

Linux操作系统中定义的errno值如下所示。

errno.h 写道
#define EPERM 1 /* Operation not permitted */
#define ENOENT 2 /* No such file or directory */
#define ESRCH 3 /* No such process */
#define EINTR 4 /* Interrupted system call */
#define EIO 5 /* I/O error */
#define ENXIO 6 /* No such device or address */
#define E2BIG 7 /* Arg list too long */
#define ENOEXEC 8 /* Exec format error */
#define EBADF 9 /* Bad file number */
#define ECHILD 10 /* No child processes */
#define EAGAIN 11 /* Try again */
#define ENOMEM 12 /* Out of memory */
#define EACCES 13 /* Permission denied */
#define EFAULT 14 /* Bad address */
#define ENOTBLK 15 /* Block device required */
#define EBUSY 16 /* Device or resource busy */
#define EEXIST 17 /* File exists */
#define EXDEV 18 /* Cross-device link */
#define ENODEV 19 /* No such device */
#define ENOTDIR 20 /* Not a directory */
#define EISDIR 21 /* Is a directory */
#define EINVAL 22 /* Invalid argument */
#define ENFILE 23 /* File table overflow */
#define EMFILE 24 /* Too many open files */
#define ENOTTY 25 /* Not a typewriter */
#define ETXTBSY 26 /* Text file busy */
#define EFBIG 27 /* File too large */
#define ENOSPC 28 /* No space left on device */
#define ESPIPE 29 /* Illegal seek */
#define EROFS 30 /* Read-only file system */
#define EMLINK 31 /* Too many links */
#define EPIPE 32 /* Broken pipe */
#define EDOM 33 /* Math argument out of domain of func */
#define ERANGE 34 /* Math result not representable */
#define EDEADLK 35 /* Resource deadlock would occur */
#define ENAMETOOLONG 36 /* File name too long */
#define ENOLCK 37 /* No record locks available */
#define ENOSYS 38 /* Function not implemented */
#define ENOTEMPTY 39 /* Directory not empty */
#define ELOOP 40 /* Too many symbolic links encountered */
#define EWOULDBLOCK EAGAIN /* Operation would block */
#define ENOMSG 42 /* No message of desired type */
#define EIDRM 43 /* Identifier removed */
#define ECHRNG 44 /* Channel number out of range */
#define EL2NSYNC 45 /* Level 2 not synchronized */
#define EL3HLT 46 /* Level 3 halted */
#define EL3RST 47 /* Level 3 reset */
#define ELNRNG 48 /* Link number out of range */
#define EUNATCH 49 /* Protocol driver not attached */
#define ENOCSI 50 /* No CSI structure available */
#define EL2HLT 51 /* Level 2 halted */
#define EBADE 52 /* Invalid exchange */
#define EBADR 53 /* Invalid request descriptor */
#define EXFULL 54 /* Exchange full */
#define ENOANO 55 /* No anode */
#define EBADRQC 56 /* Invalid request code */
#define EBADSLT 57 /* Invalid slot */
#define EDEADLOCK EDEADLK
#define EBFONT 59 /* Bad font file format */
#define ENOSTR 60 /* Device not a stream */
#define ENODATA 61 /* No data available */
#define ETIME 62 /* Timer expired */
#define ENOSR 63 /* Out of streams resources */
#define ENONET 64 /* Machine is not on the network */
#define ENOPKG 65 /* Package not installed */
#define EREMOTE 66 /* Object is remote */
#define ENOLINK 67 /* Link has been severed */
#define EADV 68 /* Advertise error */
#define ESRMNT 69 /* Srmount error */
#define ECOMM 70 /* Communication error on send */
#define EPROTO 71 /* Protocol error */
#define EMULTIHOP 72 /* Multihop attempted */
#define EDOTDOT 73 /* RFS specific error */
#define EBADMSG 74 /* Not a data message */
#define EOVERFLOW 75 /* Value too large for defined data type */
#define ENOTUNIQ 76 /* Name not unique on network */
#define EBADFD 77 /* File descriptor in bad state */
#define EREMCHG 78 /* Remote address changed */
#define ELIBACC 79 /* Can not access a needed shared library */
#define ELIBBAD 80 /* Accessing a corrupted shared library */
#define ELIBSCN 81 /* .lib section in a.out corrupted */
#define ELIBMAX 82 /* Attempting to link in too many shared libraries */
#define ELIBEXEC 83 /* Cannot exec a shared library directly */
#define EILSEQ 84 /* Illegal byte sequence */
#define ERESTART 85 /* Interrupted system call should be restarted */
#define ESTRPIPE 86 /* Streams pipe error */
#define EUSERS 87 /* Too many users */
#define ENOTSOCK 88 /* Socket operation on non-socket */
#define EDESTADDRREQ 89 /* Destination address required */
#define EMSGSIZE 90 /* Message too long */
#define EPROTOTYPE 91 /* Protocol wrong type for socket */
#define ENOPROTOOPT 92 /* Protocol not available */
#define EPROTONOSUPPORT 93 /* Protocol not supported */
#define ESOCKTNOSUPPORT 94 /* Socket type not supported */
#define EOPNOTSUPP 95 /* Operation not supported on transport endpoint */
#define EPFNOSUPPORT 96 /* Protocol family not supported */
#define EAFNOSUPPORT 97 /* Address family not supported by protocol */
#define EADDRINUSE 98 /* Address already in use */
#define EADDRNOTAVAIL 99 /* Cannot assign requested address */
#define ENETDOWN 100 /* Network is down */
#define ENETUNREACH 101 /* Network is unreachable */
#define ENETRESET 102 /* Network dropped connection because of reset */
#define ECONNABORTED 103 /* Software caused connection abort */
#define ECONNRESET 104 /* Connection reset by peer */
#define ENOBUFS 105 /* No buffer space available */
#define EISCONN 106 /* Transport endpoint is already connected */
#define ENOTCONN 107 /* Transport endpoint is not connected */
#define ESHUTDOWN 108 /* Cannot send after transport endpoint shutdown */
#define ETOOMANYREFS 109 /* Too many references: cannot splice */
#define ETIMEDOUT 110 /* Connection timed out */
#define ECONNREFUSED 111 /* Connection refused */
#define EHOSTDOWN 112 /* Host is down */
#define EHOSTUNREACH 113 /* No route to host */
#define EALREADY 114 /* Operation already in progress */
#define EINPROGRESS 115 /* Operation now in progress */
#define ESTALE 116 /* Stale NFS file handle */
#define EUCLEAN 117 /* Structure needs cleaning */
#define ENOTNAM 118 /* Not a XENIX named type file */
#define ENAVAIL 119 /* No XENIX semaphores available */
#define EISNAM 120 /* Is a named type file */
#define EREMOTEIO 121 /* Remote I/O error */
#define EDQUOT 122 /* Quota exceeded */
#define ENOMEDIUM 123 /* No medium found */
#define EMEDIUMTYPE 124 /* Wrong medium type */
 

 

 

使用示例

示例一 打印错误代码的含义

[root@jfht ~]# perror 1
OS error code   1:  Operation not permitted

#define EPERM 1 /* Operation not permitted */
[root@jfht ~]# perror 13 64
OS error code  13:  Permission denied
OS error code  64:  Machine is not on the network

#define EACCES 13 /* Permission denied */

#define ENONET 64 /* Machine is not on the network */
[root@jfht ~]#

补充一个:既是操作系统errno,也是MySQL错误代码的。

[root@jfht ~]# perror 121
OS error code 121:  Remote I/O error
MySQL error code 121: Duplicate key on write or update

 

示例二 打印不存在的错误代码的含义

要注意的是,perror似乎并不能打印SQL执行时所报的错误代码的含义。

mysql> select;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version
 for the right syntax to use near '' at line 1、

 

[root@jfht ~]# perror 42000
Illegal error code: 42000
[root@jfht ~]# perror 1064
Illegal error code: 1064
[root@jfht ~]#

 

示例三 枚举所有错误代码

[root@jfht ~]# for i in $(seq 1 10000); do perror $i; done >10000.txt 2>/dev/null
[root@jfht ~]# cat 10000.txt
OS error code   1:  Operation not permitted
OS error code   2:  No such file or directory
OS error code   3:  No such process
OS error code   4:  Interrupted system call
OS error code   5:  Input/output error
OS error code   6:  No such device or address
OS error code   7:  Argument list too long
OS error code   8:  Exec format error
OS error code   9:  Bad file descriptor
OS error code  10:  No child processes
OS error code  11:  Resource temporarily unavailable
OS error code  12:  Cannot allocate memory
OS error code  13:  Permission denied
OS error code  14:  Bad address
OS error code  15:  Block device required
OS error code  16:  Device or resource busy
OS error code  17:  File exists
OS error code  18:  Invalid cross-device link
OS error code  19:  No such device
OS error code  20:  Not a directory
OS error code  21:  Is a directory
OS error code  22:  Invalid argument
OS error code  23:  Too many open files in system
OS error code  24:  Too many open files
OS error code  25:  Inappropriate ioctl for device
OS error code  26:  Text file busy
OS error code  27:  File too large
OS error code  28:  No space left on device
OS error code  29:  Illegal seek
OS error code  30:  Read-only file system
OS error code  31:  Too many links
OS error code  32:  Broken pipe
OS error code  33:  Numerical argument out of domain
OS error code  34:  Numerical result out of range
OS error code  35:  Resource deadlock avoided
OS error code  36:  File name too long
OS error code  37:  No locks available
OS error code  38:  Function not implemented
OS error code  39:  Directory not empty
OS error code  40:  Too many levels of symbolic links
OS error code  42:  No message of desired type
OS error code  43:  Identifier removed
OS error code  44:  Channel number out of range
OS error code  45:  Level 2 not synchronized
OS error code  46:  Level 3 halted
OS error code  47:  Level 3 reset
OS error code  48:  Link number out of range
OS error code  49:  Protocol driver not attached
OS error code  50:  No CSI structure available
OS error code  51:  Level 2 halted
OS error code  52:  Invalid exchange
OS error code  53:  Invalid request descriptor
OS error code  54:  Exchange full
OS error code  55:  No anode
OS error code  56:  Invalid request code
OS error code  57:  Invalid slot
OS error code  59:  Bad font file format
OS error code  60:  Device not a stream
OS error code  61:  No data available
OS error code  62:  Timer expired
OS error code  63:  Out of streams resources
OS error code  64:  Machine is not on the network
OS error code  65:  Package not installed
OS error code  66:  Object is remote
OS error code  67:  Link has been severed
OS error code  68:  Advertise error
OS error code  69:  Srmount error
OS error code  70:  Communication error on send
OS error code  71:  Protocol error
OS error code  72:  Multihop attempted
OS error code  73:  RFS specific error
OS error code  74:  Bad message
OS error code  75:  Value too large for defined data type
OS error code  76:  Name not unique on network
OS error code  77:  File descriptor in bad state
OS error code  78:  Remote address changed
OS error code  79:  Can not access a needed shared library
OS error code  80:  Accessing a corrupted shared library
OS error code  81:  .lib section in a.out corrupted
OS error code  82:  Attempting to link in too many shared libraries
OS error code  83:  Cannot exec a shared library directly
OS error code  84:  Invalid or incomplete multibyte or wide character
OS error code  85:  Interrupted system call should be restarted
OS error code  86:  Streams pipe error
OS error code  87:  Too many users
OS error code  88:  Socket operation on non-socket
OS error code  89:  Destination address required
OS error code  90:  Message too long
OS error code  91:  Protocol wrong type for socket
OS error code  92:  Protocol not available
OS error code  93:  Protocol not supported
OS error code  94:  Socket type not supported
OS error code  95:  Operation not supported
OS error code  96:  Protocol family not supported
OS error code  97:  Address family not supported by protocol
OS error code  98:  Address already in use
OS error code  99:  Cannot assign requested address
OS error code 100:  Network is down
OS error code 101:  Network is unreachable
OS error code 102:  Network dropped connection on reset
OS error code 103:  Software caused connection abort
OS error code 104:  Connection reset by peer
OS error code 105:  No buffer space available
OS error code 106:  Transport endpoint is already connected
OS error code 107:  Transport endpoint is not connected
OS error code 108:  Cannot send after transport endpoint shutdown
OS error code 109:  Too many references: cannot splice
OS error code 110:  Connection timed out
OS error code 111:  Connection refused
OS error code 112:  Host is down
OS error code 113:  No route to host
OS error code 114:  Operation already in progress
OS error code 115:  Operation now in progress
OS error code 116:  Stale NFS file handle
OS error code 117:  Structure needs cleaning
OS error code 118:  Not a XENIX named type file
OS error code 119:  No XENIX semaphores available
OS error code 120:  Is a named type file
MySQL error code 120: Didn't find key on read or update
OS error code 121:  Remote I/O error
MySQL error code 121: Duplicate key on write or update
OS error code 122:  Disk quota exceeded
MySQL error code 122: Internal (unspecified) error in handler
OS error code 123:  No medium found
MySQL error code 123: Someone has changed the row since it was read (while the table was locked to prevent it)
OS error code 124:  Wrong medium type
MySQL error code 124: Wrong index given to function
OS error code 125:  Operation canceled
MySQL error code 125: Undefined handler error 125
OS error code 126:  Required key not available
MySQL error code 126: Index file is crashed
OS error code 127:  Key has expired
MySQL error code 127: Record file is crashed
OS error code 128:  Key has been revoked
MySQL error code 128: Out of memory in engine
OS error code 129:  Key was rejected by service
MySQL error code 129: Undefined handler error 129
OS error code 130:  Owner died
MySQL error code 130: Incorrect file format
OS error code 131:  State not recoverable
MySQL error code 131: Command not supported by database
MySQL error code 132: Old database file
MySQL error code 133: No record read before update
MySQL error code 134: Record was already deleted (or record file crashed)
MySQL error code 135: No more room in record file
MySQL error code 136: No more room in index file
MySQL error code 137: No more records (read after end of file)
MySQL error code 138: Unsupported extension used for table
MySQL error code 139: Too big row
MySQL error code 140: Wrong create options
MySQL error code 141: Duplicate unique key or constraint on write or update
MySQL error code 142: Unknown character set used in table
MySQL error code 143: Conflicting table definitions in sub-tables of MERGE table
MySQL error code 144: Table is crashed and last repair failed
MySQL error code 145: Table was marked as crashed and should be repaired
MySQL error code 146: Lock timed out; Retry transaction
MySQL error code 147: Lock table is full;  Restart program with a larger locktable
MySQL error code 148: Updates are not allowed under a read only transactions
MySQL error code 149: Lock deadlock; Retry transaction
MySQL error code 150: Foreign key constraint is incorrectly formed
MySQL error code 151: Cannot add a child row
MySQL error code 152: Cannot delete a parent row
MySQL error code 153: No savepoint with that name
MySQL error code 154: Non unique key block size
MySQL error code 155: The table does not exist in engine
MySQL error code 156: The table already existed in storage engine
MySQL error code 157: Could not connect to storage engine
MySQL error code 158: Unexpected null pointer found when using spatial index
MySQL error code 159: The table changed in storage engine
MySQL error code 160: There's no partition in table for the given value
MySQL error code 161: Row-based binlogging of row failed
MySQL error code 162: Index needed in foreign key constraint
MySQL error code 163: Upholding foreign key constraints would lead to a duplicate key error in some other table
MySQL error code 164: Table needs to be upgraded before it can be used
MySQL error code 165: Table is read only
MySQL error code 166: Failed to get next auto increment value
MySQL error code 167: Failed to set row auto increment value
MySQL error code 168: Unknown (generic) error from engine
MySQL error code 169: Record is the same
MySQL error code 170: It is not possible to log this statement
MySQL error code 171: The event was corrupt, leading to illegal data being read
MySQL error code 172: The table is of a new format not supported by this version
MySQL error code 173: The event could not be processed no other hanlder error happened
MySQL error code 174: Got a fatal error during initialzaction of handler
MySQL error code 175: File to short; Expected more data in file
MySQL error code 176: Read page with wrong checksum
MySQL error code 177: Too many active concurrent transactions
[root@jfht ~]#

 

示例四 perror大体的C语言代码

[root@centos55 ~]# perror
-bash: perror: command not found
[root@centos55 ~]#

[root@centos55 ~]# cat >perror.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
        if (argc == 1)
        {
                fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <errno> [<errno> ...]\n", argv[0]);
                exit(1);
        }
        else
        {
                int i;
                for (i = 1; i < argc; ++i)
                {
                        int ec = strtoul(argv[i], 0, 0);
                        fprintf(stdout, "OS error code %d: %s\n", ec, strerror(ec));
                }
                exit(0);
        }
}


[root@centos55 ~]# gcc -Wall -o /usr/bin/perror perror.c
[root@centos55 ~]# perror 1                             
OS error code 1: Operation not permitted
[root@centos55 ~]#

注:该源代码无法对非法的错误代码进行判断。perror程序在提供的错误代码非法时会在标准错误设备上输出信息,而不是标准输出设备。

 

问题思考

相关资料

【1】MySQL中文手册  perror — Explain Error Codes

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/perror.html

 

 

返回 我使用过的Linux命令系列总目录

 

1
1
分享到:
评论
2 楼 codingstandards 2011-11-08  
superlittlefish 写道
能给一下perror 源代码的url  ?

可到mysql的源码中找一下,上面的perror.c是我自己写的
1 楼 superlittlefish 2011-11-08  
能给一下perror 源代码的url  ?

相关推荐

    linux 编程教程 -- linux下编程入门

    - 命令行界面:掌握基本的Linux命令,如ls、cd、mkdir、rm、cp、mv等。 - Shell脚本:了解Bash shell,编写简单的shell脚本执行自动化任务。 2. **开发环境设置** - 编译器与解释器:安装并配置C/C++的GCC/G++, ...

    Linux常用C函数和Linux命令大全

    文件`Linux命令大全.chm`和`Linux常用C函数.chm`是很好的参考资料,它们可能包含了更详细的函数解释、示例代码和命令用法。CHM文件是Windows的帮助文档格式,其中包含丰富的索引和搜索功能,方便你快速查找和学习所...

    linux-centos7.6代码,c语言

    8. **错误处理**:C语言使用`errno`全局变量记录错误信息,`perror`函数将`errno`对应的错误信息输出到标准错误流。对于自定义错误处理,可以使用`assert`宏进行断言检查。 9. **信号处理**:C语言中的`signal`函数...

    Linux_C编程实战--源代码和13章的内容

    8. **错误处理和调试**:在Linux下,`perror()`和`strerror()`帮助开发者打印和解释错误码,`gdb`调试器是调试C程序的强大工具,学习如何使用它们能提高开发效率。 9. **权限和文件系统**:理解Linux的用户和组概念...

    linux下所有命令的源码

    4. **错误处理**:命令通常使用`perror()`, `fprintf(stderr, ...)`等方式报告错误,通过查看这部分代码,我们可以了解如何优雅地处理异常情况。 5. **系统调用**:如`fork()`, `execve()`, `waitpid()`等,这些都...

    linux-ls命令实现-c开发

    在 Linux 系统中,`ls` 命令是最常用的文件管理命令之一,它用于列出指定目录中的文件和子目录列表。本文将详细介绍如何使用 C 语言来实现一个基本的 `ls` 命令,包括如何处理 `-a` 和 `-l` 参数。 #### 代码分析与...

    Linux下C编程_源代码

    8. **错误处理**:使用errno和perror处理系统错误。 9. **标准库函数**:如数学运算(math.h)、字符串处理(string.h)、内存操作(string.h)等。 10. **位操作**:理解位运算符并学会在实际问题中应用。 通过...

    linux-FTP客户端(纯C代码)

    例如,使用fopen()和fwrite()函数进行文件读写,strtok()和strncpy()处理字符串,以及errno和perror()进行错误检测和报告。 5. **控制流和数据流**:FTP客户端需要维护两个TCP连接:一个用于控制命令的交换,另一个...

    精通LinuxC编程源代码

    在“精通Linux C编程源代码”这个主题中,我们探讨的是如何在Linux操作系统环境下使用C语言进行高效且灵活的程序开发。C语言是系统级编程的基石,而在Linux这一开源操作系统上,C语言更是得到了广泛的应用,从内核...

    【Linux环境编程入门】三、第一个程序 - 源代码

    通常使用`errno`全局变量和`perror()`函数来报告错误,或通过返回值检查来检测函数调用是否成功。 10. **调试技巧**:`gdb`是Linux下的一个强大的调试工具,可以帮助你定位和修复程序中的错误。通过设置断点、单步...

    学习linux环境下c程序的示例代码.zip

    在Linux环境下进行C语言编程是许多开发者的基础技能之一。这个名为“学习linux环境下c程序的示例代码.zip”的压缩包,显然包含了一些用于教学或自我实践的C语言代码示例,旨在帮助用户理解和掌握在Linux操作系统中...

    Linux-C时钟传送程序源代码

    程序可能会遇到网络连接问题、数据传输错误、内存分配失败等问题,需要使用`perror`或`fprintf(stderr,...)`来打印错误信息,并适当地使用异常处理机制。 6. **多线程编程**:发送端和接收端可能分别运行在不同的...

    linux c 程序设计大全(源代码).rar

    8. **错误处理**:使用errno和perror来捕获和报告运行时错误。 9. **线程与并发**:多线程编程,使用pthread库创建、同步和通信。 10. **信号处理**:如何捕捉和响应系统信号,如SIGINT、SIGTERM等。 11. **位...

    linux C实战

    - **错误处理**:理解错误处理机制,如使用`errno`和`perror`来捕获和报告错误。 - **位运算**:介绍位运算符,以及在低级编程中的应用。 4. **Linux系统编程**: - **系统调用**:讲解如何使用系统调用,如`...

    Linux下C编程_源代码.zip

    8. **错误处理**:在Linux下编程,需要学会正确处理各种错误,如使用perror()打印错误信息,检查返回值以确定函数调用是否成功。 9. **Makefile**:在大型项目中,Makefile是必不可少的,它定义了如何编译、链接源...

    Linux高级编程-补充.pdfLinux高级编程-补充.pdf

    根据提供的文档信息,我们可以归纳出以下关键知识点,主要围绕Linux高级编程中的几个核心概念和技术细节展开。 ### 文件描述符管理 #### 文件描述符的特点 - **文件描述符**:在Unix/Linux系统中,每一个打开的...

    linux-transmit-file.rar_UNIX_file linux_unix file

    8. **错误处理**:在编写这样的程序时,必须充分考虑错误处理,比如网络中断、文件不存在等情况,通过`errno`和`perror`函数来捕获和显示错误信息。 9. **安全性**:考虑到网络安全,可能需要对数据进行加密传输,...

    Linux下C编程_源代码.rar

    学会使用`errno`、`perror`等来捕获和处理错误,可以提高程序的健壮性。 9. **线程与并发**:Linux提供了pthread库,用于实现多线程编程。理解和掌握线程创建、同步、互斥锁等概念,可以编写出高效的并发程序。 10...

    linux上用c语言写的简易日历

    可能会使用`errno`全局变量和`perror()`函数来报告系统错误,或者自定义错误处理机制。 9. **代码组织**: 为了使代码易于理解和维护,程序通常被组织成多个函数,每个函数负责特定任务,如计算星期几、打印月份...

Global site tag (gtag.js) - Google Analytics