Nginx 反向代理+Varnish 技术

Nginx 反向代理+Varnish 技术

转载了峰哥的劳动成果！！！  

一、             Nginx 反向代理

 

1、 安装条件：

Nginx: http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.6.32.tar.gz

SSL: http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-0.9.8g.tar.gz

Pcre: ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.7.tar.gz

Zlib: http://www.zlib.net/zlib-1.2.3.tar.gz

 

2、 安装：

l         Ssl安装：

 

 

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle oracle]# tar -zxvf openssl-0.9.8g.tar.gz

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle oracle]# cd openssl-0.9.8g

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle openssl-0.9.8g]#./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl/

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle openssl-0.9.8g]# make

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle openssl-0.9.8g]# make install

 

 

l         Pcre 安装：

 

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle oracle]# tar -zxvf pcre-7.7.tar.gz

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle oracle]# cd pcre-7.7

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle pcre-7.7]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle pcre-7.7]# make

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle pcre-7.7]# make install

 

Make 时报错：

libtool: ignoring unknown tag CXX

libtool: unrecognized option `-DHAVE_CONFIG_H'

Try `libtool --help' for more information.

make[1]: *** [pcrecpp.lo] Error 1

make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/beijing/pcre-7.7'

make: *** [all] Error 2

 

原因：

pcre-7.7 configuration summary:

 

    Install prefix .................. : /usr/local/pcre

    C preprocessor .................. : gcc -E

    C compiler ...................... : gcc

    C++ preprocessor ................ :

    C++ compiler .................... :

    Linker .......................... : /usr/bin/ld

    C preprocessor flags ............ :

    C compiler flags ................ : -O2

    C++ compiler flags .............. :

    Linker flags .................... :

    Extra libraries ................. :

没有装GCC C++包：

gcc-c++-3.4.6-8.i386.rpm libstdc++-devel-3.4.6-8.i386.rpm

 

 

l         Zlib 安装：

 

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle oracle]# tar -zxvf zlib-1.2.3.tar.gz

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle oracle]# cd zlib-1.2.3

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle zlib-1.2.3]#

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle zlib-1.2.3]# make

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle zlib-1.2.3]# make install

 

 

l         Nginx 安装：

 

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle oracle]# tar -zxvf nginx-0.6.32.tar.gz

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle oracle]# cd nginx-0.6.32

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle nginx-0.6.32]# ./configure  --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=/root/pcre-7.7 --with-zlib=/root/zlib-1.2.3 --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-openssl=/root/openssl-0.9.8g

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle nginx-0.6.32]# make

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle nginx-0.6.32]# make install

 

 

 

3、 配置：

 

 

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle oracle]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

user  nobody nobody;

worker_processes  30;

error_log  logs/error.log notice;

pid        logs/nginx.pid;

events {

        use epoll;

        worker_connections      40960;

         }

http {

         include       mime.types;

         default_type  application/octet-stream;

         log_format main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] '

                                                '"$request" $status $bytes_sent '

                                                '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" '

                                                '"$gzip_ratio"';

         keepalive_timeout  150;

         server_names_hash_bucket_size  64;

 

upstream cache {

         ip_hash;

         server 10.167.26.166:8080;   //varnish server 1

         server 10.167.26.3;

          }

 

server {

         listen               10.167.26.5:80;

         server_name    cacti.chinarenservice.com;

         access_log  logs/cacti.wizardial.com.access.log  main;

         location / {

                        proxy_pass      http://cache;

                        proxy_redirect        http://cacti.chinarenservice.com/ /;

                        proxy_set_header        Host $host;

                        proxy_set_header        X-Real-IP $remote_addr;

                        proxy_set_header        X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

                     proxy_set_header        X-Is-EDU  0;

                     client_max_body_size 50m;
                          client_body_buffer_size 256k;
                          proxy_connect_timeout 10;
                          proxy_send_timeout 15;
                          proxy_read_timeout 15;
                          proxy_buffer_size 4k;
                          proxy_buffers 4 32k;
                          proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
                          proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;

                          }

        }

 

server {

         listen  10.167.26.5:81;

         server_name nginxstatus.chinarenservice.com 10.167.26.5;

         location /NginxStatus {

                 stub_status on;

                 access_log   off;

                 allow   210.22.7.147;

                 allow    127.0.0.1;

                 deny all;

              }

      }

         }

 

 

以上配置为nginx 做反向代理，监听10.167.26.5:80的IP，接收cacti.wizardial.com 的域名请求，转发到后端varnish缓存服务器

 

4、 优化：

l         修改open files数

显示open files数

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle oracle]# ulimit -a

 

core file size          (blocks, -c) 0

data seg size           (kbytes, -d) unlimited

file size               (blocks, -f) unlimited

pending signals                 (-i) 1024

max locked memory       (kbytes, -l) 32

max memory size         (kbytes, -m) unlimited

open files                      (-n) 1024

 

……

 

修改open files数

 

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle oracle]# ulimit -n 8192

 

l         优化Linux内核参数

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle oracle]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

 

在末尾增加以下内容：

net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30

net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300

net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000

 

使配置立即生效：

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle oracle]# /sbin/sysctl -p

 

 

l         不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置

 

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle oracle]# kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`

 

 

l          

 

5、   

 

二、             Varnish 缓存

 

Varnish优点：
　　1、Varnish采用了“Visual Page Cache”技术，在内存的利用上，Varnish比Squid具有优势，它避免了Squid频繁在内存、磁盘中交换文件，性能要比Squid高。
　　2、Varnish的稳定性非常好

　　3、通过Varnish管理端口，可以使用正则表达式快速、批量地清除部分缓存，这一点是Squid不能具备的。

 

Varnish网站缓存加速器安装：
　　1、创建www用户和组，以及Varnish缓存文件存放目录（/var/InfiNET/cache）：

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle oracle]# /usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48
[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle oracle]# /usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www
[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle oracle]# mkdir -p /var/InfiNET/cache
[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle oracle]# chmod +w /var/InfiNET/cache
[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle oracle]# chown -R www:www /var/InfiNET/cache

　　2、创建Varnish日志目录（/var/logs/）：

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle oracle]# mkdir -p /usr/local/varnish/logs

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle oracle]# chmod +w /usr/local/varnish/logs

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle oracle]# chown -R www:www /usr/local/varnish/logs

　　3、编译安装varnish：

下载：

http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=155816&package_id=173643&release_id=563022

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle oracle]# wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/varnish/varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle oracle]# tar zxvf varnish-1.1.2.tar.gz
[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle oracle]# cd varnish-1.1.2
[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle oracle]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle oracle]# make && make install

 

./configure -enable-debugging-symbols -enable-developer-warnings -enable-dependency-tracking --prefix=/usr/local/varnish
注意,我在进行make步骤时,出现如下错误: 
"varnishhist.c:35:20: error: curses.h: No such file or directory" 
造成该问题的原因是因为系统中少了ncurses-devel包

　　4、创建Varnish配置文件：

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle oracle]# vi /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf

backend myblogserver { 
       set backend.host = "10.167.26.3"; 
       set backend.port = "80"; 
}

acl purge {
       "localhost";
       "127.0.0.1";
       "10.167.0.0"/16;

"210.22.7.147"/32;
}

sub vcl_recv {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
                       error 405 "Not allowed.";
               }
               lookup;
       }

       if (req.http.host ~ "^cacti.chinarenservice.com") {
               set req.backend = mymonitorserver; 
               if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
                       pipe;
               }
               else {
                       lookup;
               }
       }
       else {
               error 404 "Zhang Yan Cache Server"; 
               lookup;
       }
}

sub vcl_hit {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               set obj.ttl = 0s;
               error 200 "Purged.";
       }
}

sub vcl_miss {
       if (req.request == "PURGE") {
               error 404 "Not in cache.";
       }
}

sub vcl_fetch {
       if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ "\.(txt|js|gif|jpg||jpeg|tom|swf|css)$") {
               set obj.ttl = 3600s;
       }
       else {
               set obj.ttl = 30d;
       }
}

　　对以上配置文件解释一下：
　　(1)、Varnish通过反向代理请求后端IP为10.167.26.3，端口为80的apache服务器；
　　(2)、Varnish允许localhost、127.0.0.1、10.167.0.***源IP通过PURGE方法清除缓存；
　　(3)、Varnish对域名为cacti.chinarenservice.com的请求进行处理，非cacti.chinarenservice.com域名的请求则返回“freeke Cache Server”；
　　(4)、Varnish对HTTP协议中的GET、HEAD请求进行缓存，对POST请求透过，让其直接访问后端Web服务器。之所以这样配置，是因为POST请求一般是发送数据给服务器的，需要服务器接收、处理，所以不缓存；
　　(5)、Varnish对以.txt和.js等结尾的URL缓存时间设置1小时，对其他的URL缓存时间设置为30天。

　　5、启动Varnish

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle oracle]# limit -SHn 51200

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle oracle]# /usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/InfiNET/cache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/InfiNET/cache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on

　　6、启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件：

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle oracle]# /usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/InfiNET/cache -w /usr/local/varnish/logs/varnish.log &

　　7、配置开机自动启动Varnish

[root@RedhatAS4U4-Oracle oracle]# vi /etc/rc.local

ulimit -SHn 51200

/usr/local/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /var/InfiNET/cache -f /usr/local/varnish/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s file,/var/InfiNET/cache/varnish_cache.data,1G -g www -u www -w 30000,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -p client_http11=on

/usr/local/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /var/InfiNET/cache -w /usr/local/varnish/logs/varnish.log &

 

FAQ:

1、 配置 泛域名 的主机

很多二级域名，比如 xx.chinarenservice.com    ，一个一个加好麻烦。。。squid 或者nginx 都支持.chinarenservice.com 的

 

if (req.http.host ~ "^www.chinarenservice.com") {
改成
if (req.http.host ~ ".chinarenservice.com") {

 

 

2、 附varnish多站点配置

 

backend www {

       set backend.host = "www.chinarenservice.com";

       set backend.port = "80";

         }

backend blog {

       set backend.host = "blog.chinarenservice.com";

       set backend.port = "80";

         }

backend image {

      set backend.host = "image.chinarenservice.com";

      set backend.port = "80";

         }

sub vcl_recv {

      if (req.http.host ~ "^(www.)?chinarenservice.com$") {

            set req.http.host = "www.chinarenservice.com";

            set req.backend = www;

      } elsif (req.http.host ~ "^blog.chinarenservice.com$") {

            set req.backend = blog;

      } elsif (req.http.host ~ "^image.chinarenservice.com$") {

            set req.backend = image;

      } else {

            error 404 "Unknown host";

}