UNIX编程(13)-守护进程

1.守护进程的编程规则

1）用umask将文件模式创建屏蔽字设置为0

2）调用fork,然后使父进程退出

3）调用setsid创建一个新会话

4）将当前工作目录更改为根目录

5）关闭不再需要的的文件描述符

6）某些守护进程打开/dev/null使其具有文件描述符0,1,2,

例：初始化一个守护进程

 

 

#include "apue.h"
#include <syslog.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>

void
daemonize(const char *cmd)
{
    int                 i, fd0, fd1, fd2;
    pid_t               pid;
    struct rlimit       rl;
    struct sigaction    sa;
    /*
     * Clear file creation mask.
     */
    umask(0);

    /*
     * Get maximum number of file descriptors.
     */
    if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) < 0)
        err_quit("%s: can't get file limit", cmd);

    /*
     * Become a session leader to lose controlling TTY.
     */
    if ((pid = fork()) < 0)
        err_quit("%s: can't fork", cmd);
    else if (pid != 0) /* parent */
        exit(0);
    setsid();

    /*
     * Ensure future opens won't allocate controlling TTYs.
     */
    sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
    sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
    sa.sa_flags = 0;
    if (sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa, NULL) < 0)
        err_quit("%s: can't ignore SIGHUP");
    if ((pid = fork()) < 0)
        err_quit("%s: can't fork", cmd);
    else if (pid != 0) /* parent */
        exit(0);

    /*
     * Change the current working directory to the root so
     * we won't prevent file systems from being unmounted.
     */
    if (chdir("/") < 0)
        err_quit("%s: can't change directory to /");

    /*
     * Close all open file descriptors.
     */
    if (rl.rlim_max == RLIM_INFINITY)
        rl.rlim_max = 1024;
    for (i = 0; i < rl.rlim_max; i++)
        close(i);

    /*
     * Attach file descriptors 0, 1, and 2 to /dev/null.
     */
    fd0 = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
    fd1 = dup(0);
    fd2 = dup(0);

    /*
     * Initialize the log file.
     */
    openlog(cmd, LOG_CONS, LOG_DAEMON);
    if (fd0 != 0 || fd1 != 1 || fd2 != 2) {
        syslog(LOG_ERR, "unexpected file descriptors %d %d %d",
          fd0, fd1, fd2);
        exit(1);
    }
}

2.出错记录

使用syslog设施产生日志

有三种方法产生日志信息：

1）内核调用log函数

2）调用syslog函数以产生日志消息

3）用网络程序发送到其他主机的514端口

 

syslogd守护进程读取三种格式的日志信息,此守护进程在启动时读一个配置文件，/etc/syslog.conf，该文件决定了不同种类的消息送向何处。

 

#include <syslog.h>

void openlog(const char *ident, int option, int
facility);

void syslog(int priority, const char *format, ...);

void closelog(void);

int setlogmask(int maskpri);

 

Returns: previous log priority mask value

 

3.单实例守护进程

 

使用文件和记录锁保证只运行守护进程的一个副本

#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <syslog.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

#define LOCKFILE "/var/run/daemon.pid"
#define LOCKMODE (S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IROTH)

extern int lockfile(int);

int
already_running(void)
{
    int     fd;
    char    buf[16];

    fd = open(LOCKFILE, O_RDWR|O_CREAT, LOCKMODE);
    if (fd < 0) {
        syslog(LOG_ERR, "can't open %s: %s", LOCKFILE, strerror(errno));
        exit(1);
    }
    if (lockfile(fd) < 0) {
        if (errno == EACCES || errno == EAGAIN) {
            close(fd);
            return(1);
        }
        syslog(LOG_ERR, "can't lock %s: %s", LOCKFILE, strerror(errno));
        exit(1);
    }
    ftruncate(fd, 0);
    sprintf(buf, "%ld", (long)getpid());
    write(fd, buf, strlen(buf)+1);
    return(0);
}

 4.守护进程的惯例

例：守护进程重新读配置文件

#include "apue.h"
#include <pthread.h>
#include <syslog.h>

sigset_t    mask;

extern int already_running(void);

void
reread(void)
{
    /* ... */
}

void *
thr_fn(void *arg)
{
    int err, signo;

    for (;;) {
        err = sigwait(&mask, &signo);
        if (err != 0) {
            syslog(LOG_ERR, "sigwait failed");
            exit(1);
        }

        switch (signo) {
        case SIGHUP:
            syslog(LOG_INFO, "Re-reading configuration file");
            reread();
            break;

        case SIGTERM:
            syslog(LOG_INFO, "got SIGTERM; exiting");
            exit(0);

        default:
            syslog(LOG_INFO, "unexpected signal %d\n", signo);
        }
    }
    return(0);
}

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int                 err;
    pthread_t           tid;
    char                *cmd;
    struct sigaction    sa;

    if ((cmd = strrchr(argv[0], '/')) == NULL)
        cmd = argv[0];
    else
        cmd++;

    /*
     * Become a daemon.
     */
    daemonize(cmd);

    /*
     * Make sure only one copy of the daemon is running.
     */
    if (already_running()) {
        syslog(LOG_ERR, "daemon already running");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Restore SIGHUP default and block all signals.
     */
    sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
    sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
    sa.sa_flags = 0;
    if (sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa, NULL) < 0)
        err_quit("%s: can't restore SIGHUP default");
    sigfillset(&mask);
    if ((err = pthread_sigmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, NULL)) != 0)
        err_exit(err, "SIG_BLOCK error");

    /*
     * Create a thread to handle SIGHUP and SIGTERM.
     */
    err = pthread_create(&tid, NULL, thr_fn, 0);
    if (err != 0)
        err_exit(err, "can't create thread");
    /*
     * Proceed with the rest of the daemon.
     */
    /* ... */
    exit(0);
}

 

另外一种实现

 

#include "apue.h"
#include <syslog.h>
#include <errno.h>

extern int lockfile(int);
extern int already_running(void);

void
reread(void)
{
    /* ... */
}

void
sigterm(int signo)
{
    syslog(LOG_INFO, "got SIGTERM; exiting");
    exit(0);
}

void
sighup(int signo)
{
    syslog(LOG_INFO, "Re-reading configuration file");
    reread();
}
int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    char                *cmd;
    struct sigaction    sa;
    if ((cmd = strrchr(argv[0], '/')) == NULL)
        cmd = argv[0];
    else
        cmd++;

    /*
     * Become a daemon.
     */
    daemonize(cmd);

    /*
     * Make sure only one copy of the daemon is running.
     */
    if (already_running()) {
        syslog(LOG_ERR, "daemon already running");
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Handle signals of interest.
     */
    sa.sa_handler = sigterm;
    sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
    sigaddset(&sa.sa_mask, SIGHUP);
    sa.sa_flags = 0;
    if (sigaction(SIGTERM, &sa, NULL) < 0) {
        syslog(LOG_ERR, "can't catch SIGTERM: %s", strerror(errno));
        exit(1);
    }
    sa.sa_handler = sighup;
    sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
    sigaddset(&sa.sa_mask, SIGTERM);
    sa.sa_flags = 0;
    if (sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa, NULL) < 0) {
        syslog(LOG_ERR, "can't catch SIGHUP: %s", strerror(errno));
        exit(1);
    }

    /*
     * Proceed with the rest of the daemon.
     */
    /* ... */
    exit(0);
}