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memcache

一、概念

Memcached是danga.com（运营LiveJournal的技术团队）开发的一套分布式内存对象缓存系统，用于在动态系统中减少数据库负载，提升性能。

二、适用场合

1. 分布式应用。由于memcached本身基于分布式的系统，所以尤其适合大型的分布式系统。

2. 数据库前段缓存。数据库常常是网站系统的瓶颈。数据库的大并发量访问，常常造成网站内存溢出。当然我们也可以使用Hibernate的缓存机制。但memcached是基于分布式的，并可独立于网站应用本身，所以更适合大型网站进行应用的拆分。

3. 服务器间数据共享。举例来讲，我们将网站的登录系统、查询系统拆分为两个应用，放在不同的服务器上，并进行集群，那这个时候用户登录后，登录信息如何从登录系统服务器同步到查询系统服务器呢？这时候，我们便可以使用memcached，登录系统将登录信息缓存起来，查询系统便可以获得登录信息，就像获取本地信息一样。

三、不适用场合

那些不需要“分布”的，不需要共享的，或者干脆规模小到只有一台服务器的应用，memcached不会带来任何好处，相反还会拖慢系统效率，因为网络连接同样需要资源

四、安装

这里介绍windows环境的安装。

1. 下载memcache的windows稳定版，解压放某个盘下面，比如在c:\memcached

2. 在cmd下输入 'c:\memcached\memcached.exe -d install' 安装

3. 再输入： 'c:\memcached\memcached.exe -d start' 启动。

以后memcached将作为windows的一个服务每次开机时自动启动。这样服务器端已经安装完毕了。

五、客户端

Memcached本身是使用C开发的，客户端可以是php、C#、或者java。我是做java的，所以这里只介绍基于java的客户端。

我在网上看到基于java的客户端有两个

1. java_memcached-release_2.6.3

1) 简介

这是比较通用的Memcached客户端框架。具体原创不详。

2) 依赖的jar

A. commons-pool-1.5.6.jar

B. java_memcached-release_2.6.3.jar

C. slf4j-api-1.6.1.jar

D. slf4j-simple-1.6.1.jar

2. alisoft-xplatform-asf-cache-2.5.1

1) 简介

这个东东是阿里软件的架构师岑文初进行封装的。里面的注释都是中文的，比较好。

2) 依赖的jar

A. alisoft-xplatform-asf-cache-2.5.1.jar

B. commons-logging-1.0.4.jar

C. hessian-3.0.1.jar

D. log4j-1.2.9.jar

E. stax-api-1.0.1.jar

F. wstx-asl-2.0.2.jar

六、范例

1.基于java_memcached-release_2.6.3
Java代码收藏代码

   1. package com.hl.memcached.cache;
   2.
   3. import java.util.Date;
   4.
   5. import com.danga.MemCached.MemCachedClient;
   6. import com.danga.MemCached.SockIOPool;
   7.
   8. public class MyCache {
   9.     public static void main(String[] args) {
10.         MemCachedClient client=new MemCachedClient();
11.         String [] addr ={"127.0.0.1:11211"};
12.         Integer [] weights = {3};
13.         SockIOPool pool = SockIOPool.getInstance();
14.         pool.setServers(addr);
15.         pool.setWeights(weights);
16.         pool.setInitConn(5);
17.         pool.setMinConn(5);
18.         pool.setMaxConn(200);
19.         pool.setMaxIdle(1000*30*30);
20.         pool.setMaintSleep(30);
21.         pool.setNagle(false);
22.         pool.setSocketTO(30);
23.         pool.setSocketConnectTO(0);
24.         pool.initialize();
25.
26. //      String [] s =pool.getServers();
27.         client.setCompressEnable(true);
28.         client.setCompressThreshold(1000*1024);
29.
30. //      将数据放入缓存
31.         client.set("test2","test2");
32.
33. //      将数据放入缓存,并设置失效时间
34.         Date date=new Date(2000000);
35.         client.set("test1","test1", date);
36.
37. //      删除缓存数据
38. //      client.delete("test1");
39.
40. //      获取缓存数据
41.         String str =(String)client.get("test1");
42.         System.out.println(str);
43.     }
44. }

package com.hl.memcached.cache;

import java.util.Date;

import com.danga.MemCached.MemCachedClient;
import com.danga.MemCached.SockIOPool;

public class MyCache {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MemCachedClient client=new MemCachedClient();
String [] addr ={"127.0.0.1:11211"};
Integer [] weights = {3};
SockIOPool pool = SockIOPool.getInstance();
pool.setServers(addr);
pool.setWeights(weights);
pool.setInitConn(5);
pool.setMinConn(5);
pool.setMaxConn(200);
pool.setMaxIdle(1000*30*30);
pool.setMaintSleep(30);
pool.setNagle(false);
pool.setSocketTO(30);
pool.setSocketConnectTO(0);
pool.initialize();

// String [] s =pool.getServers();
client.setCompressEnable(true);
client.setCompressThreshold(1000*1024);

// 将数据放入缓存
client.set("test2","test2");

// 将数据放入缓存,并设置失效时间
Date date=new Date(2000000);
client.set("test1","test1", date);

// 删除缓存数据
// client.delete("test1");

// 获取缓存数据
String str =(String)client.get("test1");
System.out.println(str);
}
}

2.   基于alisoft-xplatform-asf-cache-2.5.1

1) 配置memcached.xml

Xml代码收藏代码

   1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   2. <memcached>
   3.     
   4.     <client name="mclient_0" compressEnable="true" defaultEncoding="UTF-8"
   5.         socketpool="pool_0">
   6.         
   7.         <errorHandler>com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.memcached.MemcachedErrorHandler
   8.         </errorHandler>
   9.     </client>
10.
11.     
17.     <socketpool name="pool_0" maintSleep="5000" socketTO="3000"
18.         failover="true" aliveCheck="true" initConn="5" minConn="5" maxConn="250"
19.         nagle="false">
20.         
21.         <servers>127.0.0.1:11211</servers>
22.         
28.     </socketpool>
29. </memcached>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<memcached>

<client name="mclient_0" compressEnable="true" defaultEncoding="UTF-8"
socketpool="pool_0">

<errorHandler>com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.memcached.MemcachedErrorHandler
</errorHandler>
</client>


<socketpool name="pool_0" maintSleep="5000" socketTO="3000"
failover="true" aliveCheck="true" initConn="5" minConn="5" maxConn="250"
nagle="false">

<servers>127.0.0.1:11211</servers>

</socketpool>
</memcached>

2) 测试类

Java代码收藏代码

   1. package com.hl.memcached.client.test;
   2.
   3. import java.util.ArrayList;
   4. import java.util.List;
   5.
   6. import com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.ICacheManager;
   7. import com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.IMemcachedCache;
   8. import com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.memcached.CacheUtil;
   9. import com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.memcached.MemcachedCacheManager;
10. import com.hl.memcached.cache.client.TestBean;
11.
12. public class ClientTest {
13.
14.     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
15.     public static void main(String[] args) {
16.         ICacheManager<IMemcachedCache> manager;
17.         manager = CacheUtil.getCacheManager(IMemcachedCache.class,
18.                 MemcachedCacheManager.class.getName());
19.         manager.setConfigFile("memcached.xml");
20.         manager.start();
21.         try {
22.             IMemcachedCache cache = manager.getCache("mclient_0");
23.             cache.put("key", "value");
24.             System.out.println(cache.get("key"));
25.         } finally {
26.             manager.stop();
27.         }
28.     }
29.
30. }

package com.hl.memcached.client.test;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.ICacheManager;
import com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.IMemcachedCache;
import com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.memcached.CacheUtil;
import com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.memcached.MemcachedCacheManager;
import com.hl.memcached.cache.client.TestBean;

public class ClientTest {

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static void main(String[] args) {
ICacheManager<IMemcachedCache> manager;
manager = CacheUtil.getCacheManager(IMemcachedCache.class,
MemcachedCacheManager.class.getName());
manager.setConfigFile("memcached.xml");
manager.start();
try {
IMemcachedCache cache = manager.getCache("mclient_0");
cache.put("key", "value");
System.out.println(cache.get("key"));
} finally {
manager.stop();
}
}

}

七、使用memcached缓存java bean自定义对象

Memcached可以缓存String，也可以缓存自定义java bean。但必须是可序列化的java bean（implements Serializable即可）

1.         基于java_memcached-release_2.6.3

测试用java bean

Java代码收藏代码

   1. package com.hl.memcached.cache.client;
   2.
   3. import java.io.Serializable;
   4.
   5. public class TestBean implements Serializable{
   6.     private static final long serialVersionUID = 5344571864700659321L;
   7.
   8.     private String name;
   9.     private Integer age;
10.     //get、set方法略
11. }

package com.hl.memcached.cache.client;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class TestBean implements Serializable{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 5344571864700659321L;

private String name;
private Integer age;
//get、set方法略
}

MyCache.java 代码

Java代码收藏代码

   1. package com.hl.memcached.cache;
   2.
   3. import java.util.Date;
   4.
   5. import com.danga.MemCached.MemCachedClient;
   6. import com.danga.MemCached.SockIOPool;
   7.
   8. public class MyCache {
   9.     public static void main(String[] args) {
10.         MemCachedClient client=new MemCachedClient();
11.         String [] addr ={"127.0.0.1:11211"};
12.         Integer [] weights = {3};
13.         SockIOPool pool = SockIOPool.getInstance();
14.         pool.setServers(addr);
15.         pool.setWeights(weights);
16.         pool.setInitConn(5);
17.         pool.setMinConn(5);
18.         pool.setMaxConn(200);
19.         pool.setMaxIdle(1000*30*30);
20.         pool.setMaintSleep(30);
21.         pool.setNagle(false);
22.         pool.setSocketTO(30);
23.         pool.setSocketConnectTO(0);
24.         pool.initialize();
25.
26. //      String [] s =pool.getServers();
27.         client.setCompressEnable(true);
28.         client.setCompressThreshold(1000*1024);
29.
30. //      将数据放入缓存
31.         TestBean bean=new TestBean();
32.         bean.setName("name1");
33.         bean.setAge(25);
34.         client.add("bean1", bean);
35.
36. //      获取缓存数据
37.         TestBean beanClient=(TestBean)client.get("bean1");
38.         System.out.println(beanClient.getName());
39.     }
40. }

package com.hl.memcached.cache;

import java.util.Date;

import com.danga.MemCached.MemCachedClient;
import com.danga.MemCached.SockIOPool;

public class MyCache {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MemCachedClient client=new MemCachedClient();
String [] addr ={"127.0.0.1:11211"};
Integer [] weights = {3};
SockIOPool pool = SockIOPool.getInstance();
pool.setServers(addr);
pool.setWeights(weights);
pool.setInitConn(5);
pool.setMinConn(5);
pool.setMaxConn(200);
pool.setMaxIdle(1000*30*30);
pool.setMaintSleep(30);
pool.setNagle(false);
pool.setSocketTO(30);
pool.setSocketConnectTO(0);
pool.initialize();

// String [] s =pool.getServers();
client.setCompressEnable(true);
client.setCompressThreshold(1000*1024);

// 将数据放入缓存
TestBean bean=new TestBean();
bean.setName("name1");
bean.setAge(25);
client.add("bean1", bean);

// 获取缓存数据
TestBean beanClient=(TestBean)client.get("bean1");
System.out.println(beanClient.getName());
}
}

2.         基于alisoft-xplatform-asf-cache-2.5.1

Java代码收藏代码

   1. package com.hl.memcached.client.test;
   2.
   3. import java.util.ArrayList;
   4. import java.util.List;
   5.
   6. import com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.ICacheManager;
   7. import com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.IMemcachedCache;
   8. import com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.memcached.CacheUtil;
   9. import com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.memcached.MemcachedCacheManager;
10. import com.hl.memcached.cache.client.TestBean;
11.
12. public class ClientTest {
13.
14.     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
15.     public static void main(String[] args) {
16.         ICacheManager<IMemcachedCache> manager;
17.         manager = CacheUtil.getCacheManager(IMemcachedCache.class,
18.                 MemcachedCacheManager.class.getName());
19.         manager.setConfigFile("memcached.xml");
20.         manager.start();
21.         try {
22.             IMemcachedCache cache = manager.getCache("mclient_0");
23.
24.             TestBean bean=new TestBean();
25.             bean.setName("name1");
26.             bean.setAge(25);
27.             cache.put("bean", bean);
28.             TestBean beanClient=(TestBean)cache.get("bean");
29.             System.out.println(beanClient.getName());
30.
31.             List<TestBean> list=new ArrayList<TestBean>();
32.             list.add(bean);
33.             cache.put("beanList", list);
34.             List<TestBean> listClient=(List<TestBean>)cache.get("beanList");
35.             if(listClient.size()>0){
36.                 TestBean bean4List=listClient.get(0);
37.                 System.out.println(bean4List.getName());
38.             }
39.         } finally {
40.             manager.stop();
41.         }
42.     }
43.
44. }

package com.hl.memcached.client.test;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.ICacheManager;
import com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.IMemcachedCache;
import com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.memcached.CacheUtil;
import com.alisoft.xplatform.asf.cache.memcached.MemcachedCacheManager;
import com.hl.memcached.cache.client.TestBean;

public class ClientTest {

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static void main(String[] args) {
ICacheManager<IMemcachedCache> manager;
manager = CacheUtil.getCacheManager(IMemcachedCache.class,
MemcachedCacheManager.class.getName());
manager.setConfigFile("memcached.xml");
manager.start();
try {
IMemcachedCache cache = manager.getCache("mclient_0");

TestBean bean=new TestBean();
bean.setName("name1");
bean.setAge(25);
cache.put("bean", bean);
TestBean beanClient=(TestBean)cache.get("bean");
System.out.println(beanClient.getName());

List<TestBean> list=new ArrayList<TestBean>();
list.add(bean);
cache.put("beanList", list);
List<TestBean> listClient=(List<TestBean>)cache.get("beanList");
if(listClient.size()>0){
TestBean bean4List=listClient.get(0);
System.out.println(bean4List.getName());
}
} finally {
manager.stop();
}
}

}

八、参考资料：

http://blog.developers.api.sina.com.cn/?p=124

http://www.infoq.com/cn/articles/memcached-java

九、源代码及资料见附件

    * java_memcached-release_2.6.3资料.rar (191.4 KB)
    * 下载次数: 83

    * alisoft-xplatform-asf-cache-2.5.1-src资料.rar (1.3 MB)
    * 下载次数: 105

    * memcached-1.2.1-win32安装文件.rar (82.6 KB)
    * 下载次数: 55

    * memcached-1.4.13源代码.gz (313.2 KB)
    * 下载次数: 63

    * demo.rar (1006.6 KB)
    * 下载次数: 104

                     转摘自http://my249645546.iteye.com/blog/1420061

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