[Maven学习笔记九]Maven发布web项目

基于Maven的web项目的标准项目结构

user-project

    user-core

    user-service

    user-web

       src

          main

              java

                Java源代码包括Servlet等

          webapp //名字必须是webapp且在src目录下

              WEB-INF

                   web.xml

                   javascript

                       js文件

                   css

                       css文件

                   html

                       html文件

       target

           classes

      pom.xml

 

在下面的叙述中，没有依照上面的标准结构，而是使用Intellij Idea创建基于Maven的web项目时，创建的目录结构

user-project

    user-core

    user-service

    user-web

       src

          main

              java

                Java源代码包括Servlet等

      web//名称任意，放在跟src平级目录下

           WEB-INF

                web.xml

                javascript

                   js文件

               css

                  css文件

               html

                  html文件

       target

           classes

      pom.xml

 

 

 说明：

1. user-web是maven模块，它的src/main目录下包含了一个web目录，web目录下包含WEB-INF/web.xml这个web工程的标准结构(不包含classes和lib)，在web目录下可以建立javascript，css和html这些webui元素的目录或者直接在web目录下放置js，html和css文件，差别在于代码中引用这些文件的路径不一样

2. 为什么基于Maven的标准web项目，web目录会放置到src/main目录下? 这是相对于maven-jetty-plugin而言的，因为maven-jetty-plugin默认是到src/main/webapp寻找web-app(webAppSourceDirectory默认是src/main/webapp)，所以，默认情况下是把webapp放置到src/main目录下

 

maven-jetty-plugin

 使用maven-jetty-plugin可以使得我们实现在开发过程过程中以debug方式启动，进行调试和修改的热替换，因此，我们在开发过程中通常使用maven-jetty-plugin来启动我们的web项目

maven-jetty-plugin的地址http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/documentation/current/jetty-maven-plugin.html

 

在user-web模块的pom.xml中添加如下配置：

 

<build>
        <plugins>
            <!--jetty plugin to manage embedded jetty-->
            <!--No goal  is specified-->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-jetty-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>6.1.26</version>
                <configuration>
                    <connectors>
                        <connector implementation="org.mortbay.jetty.nio.SelectChannelConnector">
                            <port>8668</port>
                            <maxIdleTime>30000</maxIdleTime>
                        </connector>
                    </connectors>
                    <webAppSourceDirectory>${project.basedir}/web
                    </webAppSourceDirectory>
                    <contextPath>/user</contextPath>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

 

 

运行jetty:run之后，jetty的启动日志：

 

 

/software/devsoftware/jdk1.7.0_55/bin/java -Dmaven.home=/software/devsoftware/apache-maven-3.2.1 -Dclassworlds.conf=/software/devsoftware/apache-maven-3.2.1/bin/m2.conf -Didea.launcher.port=7534 -Didea.launcher.bin.path=/software/devsoftware/idea-IU-135.690/bin -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath /software/devsoftware/apache-maven-3.2.1/boot/plexus-classworlds-2.5.1.jar:/software/devsoftware/idea-IU-135.690/lib/idea_rt.jar com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain org.codehaus.classworlds.Launcher -Didea.version=13.1.2 org.mortbay.jetty:maven-jetty-plugin:6.1.7:run
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] Using the builder org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.builder.singlethreaded.SingleThreadedBuilder with a thread count of 1
[INFO]                                                                         
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building user.web 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] >>> maven-jetty-plugin:6.1.7:run (default-cli) @ user.web >>>
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ user.web ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Copying 0 resource
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ user.web ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ user.web ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory ~/development/learnmaven/user.manager/user.web/src/test/resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ user.web ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO] 
[INFO] <<< maven-jetty-plugin:6.1.7:run (default-cli) @ user.web <<<
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-jetty-plugin:6.1.7:run (default-cli) @ user.web ---
[INFO] Configuring Jetty for project: user.web
[INFO] Webapp source directory = ~/development/learnmaven/user.manager/user.web/web
[INFO] web.xml file = ~/development/learnmaven/user.manager/user.web/web/WEB-INF/web.xml
[INFO] Classes = ~/development/learnmaven/user.manager/user.web/target/classes
[INFO] Logging to org.slf4j.impl.SimpleLogger(org.mortbay.log) via org.mortbay.log.Slf4jLog
[INFO] Context path = /user
[INFO] Tmp directory =  determined at runtime
[INFO] Web defaults = org/mortbay/jetty/webapp/webdefault.xml
[INFO] Web overrides =  none
[INFO] Webapp directory = ~/development/learnmaven/user.manager/user.web/web
[INFO] Starting jetty 6.1.7 ...
[INFO] jetty-6.1.7
[INFO] No Transaction manager found - if your webapp requires one, please configure one.
[INFO] Started SelectChannelConnector@0.0.0.0:8668
[INFO] Started Jetty Server

 

 从启动日志中可以看到：

1.Jetty已经启动，并且在8668端口监听

2.~/development/learnmaven/user.manager/user.web/web/WEB-INF目录下仅有1个web.xml文件，并没有classes和lib目录，那么Jetty到哪里找项目的classes?从日志中，我们看到有条日志信息：Classes = ~/development/learnmaven/user.manager/user.web/target/classes，表示jetty把这个目录作为classpath的一部分将项目的classes加入进来，而不是通过WEB-INF/classes。

日志输出中，也包括了web.xml文件的路径web.xml file =~/development/learnmaven/user.manager/user.web/web/WEB-INF/web.xml。

3.项目中把web目录放置在项目跟目录下(跟src同级)，而Jetty默认要找的路径是src/main/webapp,因此，需要在Jetty插件中指定web应用的目录，如日志：

Webapp source directory = ~/development/learnmaven/user.project/user.web/web

 

访问web页面

1.http://localhost:8668/user/index.jsp

2.http://localhost:8668/user/servlets/userservlet