ORACLE系统表处理

本文来自：http://shadamu.blogbus.com/logs/52351373.html1.取得指定用户的所有表名：

SELECT OWNER  AS "对象所有者",OBJECT_NAME AS "表名",OBJECT_ID AS "对象编号" from dba_objects where owner = 'RAXNYB' AND OBJECT_TYPE = 'TABLE' ORDER BY OWNER,OBJECT_TYPE;  
或  
OWNER  AS "对象所有者",TABLE_NAME AS "表名" from DBA_TABLES where owner = 'RAXNYB'  ORDER BY OWNER,TABLE_NAME; 

SELECT OWNER  AS "对象所有者",OBJECT_NAME AS "表名",OBJECT_ID AS "对象编号" from dba_objects where owner = 'RAXNYB' AND OBJECT_TYPE = 'TABLE' ORDER BY OWNER,OBJECT_TYPE;
或
OWNER  AS "对象所有者",TABLE_NAME AS "表名" from DBA_TABLES where owner = 'RAXNYB'  ORDER BY OWNER,TABLE_NAME;


2.取得指定用户的所有视图名称：

SELECT OWNER  AS "对象所有者",VIEW_NAME AS "视图名称" from DBA_VIEWS  where owner = 'RAXNYB'  ORDER BY OWNER,VIEW_NAME; 

SELECT OWNER  AS "对象所有者",VIEW_NAME AS "视图名称" from DBA_VIEWS  where owner = 'RAXNYB'  ORDER BY OWNER,VIEW_NAME;


oracle系统表查询

1.用户：

select username from dba_users; 

select username from dba_users;

改口令

alter user spgroup identified by spgtest;  

alter user spgroup identified by spgtest;


2.表空间:

select * from dba_data_files;   
select * from dba_tablespaces;//表空间   
select tablespace_name,sum(bytes), sum(blocks) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name;//空闲表空间   
select * from dba_data_files where tablespace_name='RBS';//表空间对应的数据文件   
select * from dba_segments where tablespace_name='INDEXS';  

select * from dba_data_files;
select * from dba_tablespaces;//表空间
select tablespace_name,sum(bytes), sum(blocks) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name;//空闲表空间
select * from dba_data_files where tablespace_name='RBS';//表空间对应的数据文件
select * from dba_segments where tablespace_name='INDEXS';


3.数据库对象

select * from dba_objects;   
 
CLUSTER、DATABASE LINK、FUNCTION、INDEX、LIBRARY、PACKAGE、PACKAGE BODY、PROCEDURE、SEQUENCE、SYNONYM、TABLE、TRIGGER、TYPE、UNDEFINED、VIEW。 

select * from dba_objects;

CLUSTER、DATABASE LINK、FUNCTION、INDEX、LIBRARY、PACKAGE、PACKAGE BODY、PROCEDURE、SEQUENCE、SYNONYM、TABLE、TRIGGER、TYPE、UNDEFINED、VIEW。


4.表

select * from dba_tables;   
 
select extent_id,bytes from dba_extents where segment_name='CUSTOMERS' and segment_type='TABLE' order by extent_id;//表使用的extent的信息。segment_type='ROLLBACK'查看回滚段的空间分配信息  
 
select distinct table_name from user_tab_columns where column_name='SO_TYPE_ID';  

select * from dba_tables;

select extent_id,bytes from dba_extents where segment_name='CUSTOMERS' and segment_type='TABLE' order by extent_id;//表使用的extent的信息。segment_type='ROLLBACK'查看回滚段的空间分配信息

select distinct table_name from user_tab_columns where column_name='SO_TYPE_ID';


5.索引

select * from dba_indexes;//索引，包括主键索引  
select * from dba_ind_columns;//索引列  
select i.index_name,i.uniqueness,c.column_name  
from user_indexes i,user_ind_columns c  
where i.index_name=c.index_name  
and i.table_name ='ACC_NBR';//联接使用 

select * from dba_indexes;//索引，包括主键索引
select * from dba_ind_columns;//索引列
select i.index_name,i.uniqueness,c.column_name
from user_indexes i,user_ind_columns c
where i.index_name=c.index_name
and i.table_name ='ACC_NBR';//联接使用


6.序列

select * from dba_sequences; 

select * from dba_sequences;

7.视图

select * from dba_views  
select * from all_views  
text字段 可用于查询视图生成的脚本 

select * from dba_views
select * from all_views
text字段 可用于查询视图生成的脚本


8.聚簇

select * from dba_clusters 

select * from dba_clusters

9.快照

select * from dba_snapshots 

select * from dba_snapshots
快照、分区应存在相应的表空间

10.同义词

select * from dba_synonyms 

select * from dba_synonyms
//if owner is PUBLIC,then the synonyms is a public synonym.
//if owner is one of users,then the synonyms is a private synonym

11.数据库链

select * from dba_db_links 

select * from dba_db_links
在spbase下建数据库链:

create database link dbl_spnew   
connect to spnew identified by spnew using 'jhhx';  
 
insert into acc_nbr@dbl_spnew select * from acc_nbr where nxx_nbr='237' and line_nbr='8888';  

create database link dbl_spnew
connect to spnew identified by spnew using 'jhhx';

insert into acc_nbr@dbl_spnew select * from acc_nbr where nxx_nbr='237' and line_nbr='8888';


12.触发器

select * from dba_trigers; 

select * from dba_trigers;

存储过程，函数从dba_objects查找
其文本：select text from user_source where name='BOOK_SP_EXAMPLE';
建立出错：select * from user_errors
oracle总是将存储过程，函数等软件放在SYSTEM表空间。

13.约束
（1）约束是和表关联的，可在create table或alter table table_name add/drop/modify来建立、修改、删除约束.
　　可以临时禁止约束，如：

alter table book_example disable constraint book_example_1;  
alter table book_example enable constraint book_example_1;  

alter table book_example disable constraint book_example_1;
alter table book_example enable constraint book_example_1;

（2）主键和外键被称为表约束，而not null和unique之类的约束被称为列约束。通常将主键和外键作为单独的命名约束放在字段列表下面，而列约束可放在列定义的同一行，这样更具有可读性
（3）列约束可从表定义看出，即describe;表约束即主键和外键，可从dba_constraints和dba_cons_columns 查。

select * from user_constraints where table_name='BOOK_EXAMPLE';   
select owner,CONSTRAINT_NAME,TABLE_NAME from user_constraints where constraint_type='R' order by table_name;  

select * from user_constraints where table_name='BOOK_EXAMPLE';
select owner,CONSTRAINT_NAME,TABLE_NAME from user_constraints where constraint_type='R' order by table_name;

（4）定义约束可以无名（系统自动生成约束名）和自己定义约束名（特别是主键、外键） 如：

create table book_example (identifier number not null);   
create table book_example (identifier number constranit book_example_1 not null);  

create table book_example (identifier number not null);
create table book_example (identifier number constranit book_example_1 not null);


14、回滚段：
在所有的修改结果存入磁盘前，回滚段中保持恢复该事务所需的全部信息，必须以数据库发生的事务来相应确定其大小（DML语句才可回滚，create,drop,truncate等DDL不能回滚）。
回滚段数量=并发事务/4，但不能超过50；使每个回滚段大小足够处理一个完整的事务；

create rollback segment r05  tablespace rbs;   
create rollback segment rbs_cvt tablespace rbs storage(initial 1M next 500k); 

create rollback segment r05  tablespace rbs;
create rollback segment rbs_cvt tablespace rbs storage(initial 1M next 500k);


使回滚段在线

alter rollback segment r04 online; 

alter rollback segment r04 online;

用dba_extents,v$rollback_segs监测回滚段的大小和动态增长。

回滚段的区间信息

select * from dba_extents where segment_type='ROLLBACK' and segment_name='RB1';  

select * from dba_extents where segment_type='ROLLBACK' and segment_name='RB1';


回滚段的段信息,其中bytes显示目前回滚段的字节数

select * from dba_segments where segment_type='ROLLBACK' and segment_name='RB1';  

select * from dba_segments where segment_type='ROLLBACK' and segment_name='RB1';


为事物指定回归段

set transaction use rollback segment rbs_cvt  

set transaction use rollback segment rbs_cvt


针对bytes可以使用回滚段回缩。

   
alter rollback segment rbs_cvt shrink;  
select bytes,extents,max_extents from dba_segments where segment_type='ROLLBACK' and segment_name='RBS_CVT';  


alter rollback segment rbs_cvt shrink;
select bytes,extents,max_extents from dba_segments where segment_type='ROLLBACK' and segment_name='RBS_CVT';


回滚段的当前状态信息：

select * from dba_rollback_segs where segment_name='RB1'; 

select * from dba_rollback_segs where segment_name='RB1';

比多回滚段状态status，回滚段所属实例instance_num
查优化值optimal

select n.name,s.optsize from v$rollname n,v$rollstat s where n.usn=s.usn;  

select n.name,s.optsize from v$rollname n,v$rollstat s where n.usn=s.usn;


回滚段中的数据

set transaction use rollback segment rb1;/*回滚段名*/   
select n.name,s.writes from v$rollname n,v$rollstat s where n.usn=s.usn;  

set transaction use rollback segment rb1;/*回滚段名*/
select n.name,s.writes from v$rollname n,v$rollstat s where n.usn=s.usn;


当事务处理完毕，再次查询$rollstat，比较writes(回滚段条目字节数)差值，可确定事务的大小。
查询回滚段中的事务

column rr heading 'RB Segment' format a18   
column us heading 'Username' format a15   
column os heading 'Os User' format a10   
column te heading 'Terminal' format a10   
select r.name rr,nvl(s.username,'no transaction') us,s.osuser os,s.terminal te from v$lock l,v$session s,v$rollname r   
where l.sid=s.sid(+)  
and trunc(l.id1/65536)=R.USN and l.type='TX' and l.lmode=6 order by r.name; 

column rr heading 'RB Segment' format a18
column us heading 'Username' format a15
column os heading 'Os User' format a10
column te heading 'Terminal' format a10
select r.name rr,nvl(s.username,'no transaction') us,s.osuser os,s.terminal te from v$lock l,v$session s,v$rollname r
where l.sid=s.sid(+)
and trunc(l.id1/65536)=R.USN and l.type='TX' and l.lmode=6 order by r.name;


15、作业
　　查询作业信息

select job,broken,next_date,interval,what from user_jobs;   
select job,broken,next_date,interval,what from dba_jobs; 

select job,broken,next_date,interval,what from user_jobs;
select job,broken,next_date,interval,what from dba_jobs;

查询正在运行的作业

select * from dba_jobs_running; 

select * from dba_jobs_running;

使用包

exec dbms_job.submit(:v_num,'a;',sysdate,'sysdate + (10/(24*60*60))')加入作业。间隔10秒钟   
exec dbms_job.submit(:v_num,'a;',sysdate,'sysdate + (11/(24*60))')加入作业。间隔11分钟使用包exec dbms_job.remove(21)删除21号作业。 

exec dbms_job.submit(:v_num,'a;',sysdate,'sysdate + (10/(24*60*60))')加入作业。间隔10秒钟
exec dbms_job.submit(:v_num,'a;',sysdate,'sysdate + (11/(24*60))')加入作业。间隔11分钟使用包exec dbms_job.remove(21)删除21号作业。



16.批注:
ALL_COL_COMMENTS