Asp.net MVC 实例

MVC架构已深得人心，微软也不甘落后，推出了Asp.net MVC，并在vs2010中已经内置了MVC的相关功能。如果使用vs2008，需要下载安装Service Pack 1和ASP.NET MVC Framework。MVC现在已经是2.0的版本。

选择相关开发语言，创建一个 ASP.NET MVC Web Application 项目，选择不需要单元测试，这样生成了一个MVC框架，按Ctrl+F5运行，可看到一个欢迎主页。

注意：使用MVC后不是按链接文件来访问页面，而是通过控制器实现路由链接。

我们通过一个简单的增删查改的功能来体会一下MVC开发的过程。

第一步：模块开发

首先我们创建一个简单的表格：test，该表格只有两个字段：id和name。并创建一个数据类，在Models文件夹中创建一个类，代码如下：



代码
//Test.csusing System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Web; namespace MvcWeb.Models{    public class Test    {        private int _id = -1;         public int id        {            get { return _id; }            set { _id = value; }        }         public  String name {get;set;}    }}




然后在Models文件夹中创建一个文件夹：Maping，在此文件中新建一个LINQ to Sql，将test表拖进设计器中，保存。

最后在Models文件夹中新建一个类：TestModel.cs，输入如下代码：



代码
using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Web;using System.Data.Linq;using MvcWeb.Models.Maping; namespace MvcWeb.Models{    public static class TestModel    {        private static TestDbMapingDataContext testDb = new TestDbMapingDataContext();         //返回记录总数        public static int Count()        {            return testDb.test.Count();        }         //分页列表        public static List<Test> GetList(int page, int pageSize)        {            var query = (from c in testDb.test orderby c.id ascending select c).Skip((page - 1) * pageSize).Take(pageSize);            List<Test> result = new List<Test>();            foreach (var t in query)                result.Add(FillRecord(t));            return result;        }         //列表        public static List<Test> GetList()        {            var query = (from c in testDb.test orderby c.id ascending select c);            List<Test> result = new List<Test>();            foreach (var t in query)                result.Add(FillRecord(t));            return result;        }         //修改和插入保存        public static long Save(Test myTest)        {            try            {                test t = (from c in testDb.test where c.id == myTest.id select c).FirstOrDefault();                if (t == null)                {                    t = new test();                    t.id = myTest.id;                    t.name = myTest.name;                    testDb.test.InsertOnSubmit(t);                }                else                {                    t.name = myTest.name;                }                testDb.SubmitChanges();                return t.id;            }            catch(ChangeConflictException ce)            {                testDb.ChangeConflicts.ResolveAll(RefreshMode.OverwriteCurrentValues);                testDb.SubmitChanges();            }            return -1;        }         //删除记录        public static bool Delete(int id)        {            try            {               test t = (from c in testDb.test where c.id == id select c).FirstOrDefault();                testDb.test.DeleteOnSubmit(t);                 testDb.SubmitChanges();                return t != null;            }            catch (ChangeConflictException ce)            {                testDb.ChangeConflicts.ResolveAll(RefreshMode.OverwriteCurrentValues);                testDb.SubmitChanges();            }            return false;        }         //取一条记录        public static Test GetItem(int id)        {            test t = (from c in testDb.test where c.id == id select c).FirstOrDefault();            return FillRecord(t);        }         //构造数据对象        private static Test FillRecord(test i)        {            Test result = null;            if (i != null)            {                result = new Test();                result.id = i.id;                result.name = i.name;            }            return result;        }    }}




第二步：控制器开发

在Controllers文件夹中右键选择Controller，将生成一个控制器，将文件名改为：TestController.cs，并将代码做些修改，以访问模块：



代码
using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Web;using System.Web.Mvc;using MvcWeb.Models; namespace MvcWeb.Controllers{    public class TestController : Controller    {        //        // GET: /Test/        int pageSize = 3;         public ActionResult Index(int page)        {            if (page * pageSize > TestModel.Count()) page = page - 1;            if (page <= 0) page = 1;             ViewData["page"] = page;             var model = TestModel.GetList(page, pageSize);             return View(model);        }         //        // GET: /Test/Details/5         public ActionResult Details(int id)        {            var model = TestModel.GetItem(id);            return View(model);        }         //        // GET: /Test/Create         public ActionResult Create()        {            Test mytest = new Test();            return View(mytest);        }          //        // POST: /Test/Create         [HttpPost]        public ActionResult Create(int id,FormCollection collection)        {            try            {                // TODO: Add insert logic here                Test mytest = new Test();                UpdateModel(mytest, collection.ToValueProvider());                if(mytest.name == null)                    ViewData.ModelState.AddModelError("name", "userName not specified.");                if (!ViewData.ModelState.IsValid)                    throw new InvalidOperationException();                TestModel.Save(mytest);                 return RedirectToAction("Index?page=1");                            }            catch(InvalidOperationException ex)            {                return View(new Test());            }        }                //        // GET: /Test/Edit/5         public ActionResult Edit(int id)        {            var model = TestModel.GetItem(id);            return View(model);        }         //        // POST: /Test/Edit/5         [HttpPost]        public ActionResult Edit(int id, FormCollection collection)        {            try            {                // TODO: Add update logic here                Test mytest = new Test();                 UpdateModel(mytest, collection.ToValueProvider());                 TestModel.Save(mytest);                 return RedirectToAction("Index?page=1");            }            catch            {                return View();            }        }         //        // GET: /Test/Delete/5         public ActionResult Delete(int id)        {            var model = TestModel.GetItem(id);            return View(model);        }         //        // POST: /Test/Delete/5         [HttpPost]        public ActionResult Delete(int id, FormCollection collection)        {            try            {                // TODO: Add delete logic here                TestModel.Delete(id);                return RedirectToAction("Index", new { page = 1 });            }            catch            {                return View();            }        }    }}




第三步：视图开发

在控制器的Index方法中按右键，选择“Add View”，作出如下图的选择：



即在Views/Test文件夹下面生成一个视图：Index.aspx，因为我们使用了分页设计，所以在文件后面加上如代码：



      <%= Html.ActionLink("Create New", "Create") %>        <% =Html.ActionLink("<< 前一页", "Index", new { page = (int)ViewData["Page"] - 1 })%>        <% =Html.ActionLink("后一页 >>", "Index", new { page = (int)ViewData["Page"] + 1 })%>




打开Views/Home/Index.aspx，加入一个对Test页面的链接：



<%= Html.ActionLink("测试", "Index?page=1", "Test")%>




按上面的方法在控制器的Create, Edit, Delete生成相关视图，因为主页使用了分页，所以要将返回主页的链接“Back to List”，略作修改：“Index?page=1”。我们可以看看生成的Create.aspx的代码：



代码
<%@ Page Title="" Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Views/Shared/Site.Master" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewPage<MvcWeb.Models.Test>" %> <asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="TitleContent" runat="server">     Create</asp:Content> <asp:Content ID="Content2" ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent" runat="server">     <h2>Create</h2>     <% using (Html.BeginForm()) {%>        <%= Html.ValidationSummary(true) %>         <fieldset>            <legend>Fields</legend>                        <div class="editor-label">                <%= Html.LabelFor(model => model.id) %>            </div>            <div class="editor-field">                <%= Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.id) %>                <%= Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.id) %>            </div>                        <div class="editor-label">                <%= Html.LabelFor(model => model.name) %>            </div>            <div class="editor-field">                <%= Html.TextBoxFor(model => model.name) %>                <%= Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.name) %>            </div>                        <p>                <input type="submit" value="Create" />            </p>        </fieldset>     <% } %>     <div>        <%= Html.ActionLink("Back to List", "Index?page=1") %>    </div> </asp:Content>




完成任务，按Ctrl+F5运行，在主页上点击“测试”，即可体验增删查改的功能。