Spring MVC中DispatcherServlet工作原理探究

下面类图将主要的类及方法抽离出来，以便查看方便，根据类的结构来说明整个请求是如何工作的

主要使用到的技术有Spring的IOC容器和Servlet。

 

假如我们要实现一个请求home.htm然后返回home.jsp视图资源则

当home.htm请求到达时，我们需要DispatcherServlet来处理该请求，所以首先配置该Servlet

第一步需要在web.xml中配置DispatcherServlet，使该servlet来接收请求并做进一步处理。

 

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatch</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatch</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

 <servlet>
 	<servlet-name>dispatch</servlet-name>
 	<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
 	<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
 </servlet>
 <servlet-mapping>
 	<servlet-name>dispatch</servlet-name>
 	<url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern>
 </servlet-mapping>

这个部分很好理解，如果请求以.htm结尾则交给名为dispatch类为DispatcherServlet的Servlet处理。

 

 

从类图中很容易看出DispatcherServlet最终继承的是HttpServlet，也就是说它同样满足Servlet的工作原理

Servlet初始化时需要调用init方法，在HttpServletBean中实现，该init方法调用了initServletBean，该方法在FrameworkServlet中实现

initServletBean主要初始化关于配置文件的内容，比如{servlet-name}-servlet.xml

第二步，需要在/WebRoot/WEB-INF下新建名为{servlet-name}-servlet.xml的spring bean配置文件。（该示例中即为dispatch-servlet.xml）

在初始化过程中会去寻找该配置文件，当然我们也可以自己去设置参数来更改配置文件所在路径

 

比如我们如果在src下新建的该配置文件dispatch-servlet，在编译后会被复制到WEB-INF/classes文件夹下，

配置文件还是按照命名规范做吧（可以修改为其他名字）

 

<servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatch</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>namespace</param-name>
            <param-value>classes/dispatch-servlet</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

<servlet>
		<servlet-name>dispatch</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>namespace</param-name>
			<param-value>classes/dispatch-servlet</param-value>
		</init-param>
		<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
	</servlet>

此时的配置就会去寻找/WEB-INF/classes/dispatch-servlet.xml

 

 

 

当请求到达后Servlet将调用service方法进行处理，由于我们是通过输入网址方式的get方法请求，Servlet将调用doGet方法

此处的doGet方法在FrameworkServlet中实现，doGet方法调用processRequest方法，processRequest则调用doService方法处理

而doService在DispatcherServlet中实现，doService再调用了DispatcherServlet的doDispatch方法，

该方法则会根据request找到转发对象，并进行请求转发操作，

下面是获取实际的视图资源部分

 

 

public ModelAndView handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
            throws Exception {

        return ((Controller) handler).handleRequest(request, response);
    }

public ModelAndView handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
			throws Exception {

		return ((Controller) handler).handleRequest(request, response);
	}

这里需要我们自己实现Controller接口并实现handleRequest方法，返回对应的ModelAndView对象。

 

下面是请求转发的部分

 

/**
     * Render the internal resource given the specified model.
     * This includes setting the model as request attributes.
     */
    @Override
    protected void renderMergedOutputModel(
            Map<String, Object> model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {

        // Determine which request handle to expose to the RequestDispatcher.
        HttpServletRequest requestToExpose = getRequestToExpose(request);

        ...
                 exposeModelAsRequestAttributes(model, requestToExpose);//这个方法看下面源码，request.setAttribute操作
                  // Determine the path for the request dispatcher.
        String dispatcherPath = prepareForRendering(requestToExpose, response);

            ...

        // If already included or response already committed, perform include, else forward.
        if (useInclude(requestToExpose, response)) {
            ......
        }

        else {//重点看这部分，在根据请求以及配置文件获取到RequestDispatcher 对象之后，使用该对象做转发处理
            // Note: The forwarded resource is supposed to determine the content type itself.
            exposeForwardRequestAttributes(requestToExpose);
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug("Forwarding to resource [" + getUrl() + "] in InternalResourceView '" + getBeanName() + "'");
            }
            rd.forward(requestToExpose, response);
        }
    }

/**
	 * Render the internal resource given the specified model.
	 * This includes setting the model as request attributes.
	 */
	@Override
	protected void renderMergedOutputModel(
			Map<String, Object> model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {

		// Determine which request handle to expose to the RequestDispatcher.
		HttpServletRequest requestToExpose = getRequestToExpose(request);

		...
                 exposeModelAsRequestAttributes(model, requestToExpose);//这个方法看下面源码，request.setAttribute操作
                  // Determine the path for the request dispatcher.
		String dispatcherPath = prepareForRendering(requestToExpose, response);

	        ...

		// If already included or response already committed, perform include, else forward.
		if (useInclude(requestToExpose, response)) {
			......
		}

		else {//重点看这部分，在根据请求以及配置文件获取到RequestDispatcher 对象之后，使用该对象做转发处理
			// Note: The forwarded resource is supposed to determine the content type itself.
			exposeForwardRequestAttributes(requestToExpose);
			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
				logger.debug("Forwarding to resource [" + getUrl() + "] in InternalResourceView '" + getBeanName() + "'");
			}
			rd.forward(requestToExpose, response);
		}
	}

下面是设置model和modelValue

 

 

/**
     * Expose the model objects in the given map as request attributes.
     * Names will be taken from the model Map.
     * This method is suitable for all resources reachable by {@link javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher}.
     * @param model Map of model objects to expose
     * @param request current HTTP request
     */
    protected void exposeModelAsRequestAttributes(Map<String, Object> model, HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
        for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : model.entrySet()) {
            String modelName = entry.getKey();
            Object modelValue = entry.getValue();
            if (modelValue != null) {
                request.setAttribute(modelName, modelValue);
                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    logger.debug("Added model object '" + modelName + "' of type [" + modelValue.getClass().getName() +
                            "] to request in view with name '" + getBeanName() + "'");
                }
            }
            else {
                request.removeAttribute(modelName);
                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    logger.debug("Removed model object '" + modelName +
                            "' from request in view with name '" + getBeanName() + "'");
                }
            }
        }
    }

/**
	 * Expose the model objects in the given map as request attributes.
	 * Names will be taken from the model Map.
	 * This method is suitable for all resources reachable by {@link javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher}.
	 * @param model Map of model objects to expose
	 * @param request current HTTP request
	 */
	protected void exposeModelAsRequestAttributes(Map<String, Object> model, HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
		for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : model.entrySet()) {
			String modelName = entry.getKey();
			Object modelValue = entry.getValue();
			if (modelValue != null) {
				request.setAttribute(modelName, modelValue);
				if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
					logger.debug("Added model object '" + modelName + "' of type [" + modelValue.getClass().getName() +
							"] to request in view with name '" + getBeanName() + "'");
				}
			}
			else {
				request.removeAttribute(modelName);
				if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
					logger.debug("Removed model object '" + modelName +
							"' from request in view with name '" + getBeanName() + "'");
				}
			}
		}
	}

 

 

第三步，编写实现Controller的类

 

public class HomeController implements Controller
{
    private String greeting;

    public String getGreeting()
    {
        return greeting;
    }

    public void setGreeting(String greeting)
    {
        this.greeting = greeting;
    }

    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest arg0,
            HttpServletResponse arg1) throws Exception
    {
        System.out.println(arg0.getRequestURI());//请求地址
        return new ModelAndView("home", "message", greeting);
//返回一个视图资源对象，名为home，model为message的对象（即上面的exposeModelAsRequestAtrributes方法中使用的request.setAttribute
    }

}

public class HomeController implements Controller
{
	private String greeting;

	public String getGreeting()
	{
		return greeting;
	}

	public void setGreeting(String greeting)
	{
		this.greeting = greeting;
	}

	public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest arg0,
			HttpServletResponse arg1) throws Exception
	{
		System.out.println(arg0.getRequestURI());//请求地址
		return new ModelAndView("home", "message", greeting);
//返回一个视图资源对象，名为home，model为message的对象（即上面的exposeModelAsRequestAtrributes方法中使用的request.setAttribute
	}

}

第四步，在dispatch-servlet.xml中配置该bean提供给spring web使用。

 

 

<bean name="/home.htm" class="com.iss.spring.web.HomeController">
    <property name="greeting"><value>Hello!This is Training!你好，这里是训练营！</value></property>
</bean>

	<bean name="/home.htm" class="com.iss.spring.web.HomeController">
		<property name="greeting"><value>Hello!This is Training!你好，这里是训练营！</value></property>
	</bean>

这里name将用来匹配请求的资源（默认的使用BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping处理,由bean Name映射 URL），在home.htm请求到达时，

 

spring将使用实现了Controller接口的HomeController的handleRequest方法来返回映射的视图资源。

 

在得到MoldelAndView对象后，需要根据这个MoldelAndView对象得到View name然后来解析得到View对象

 

 

/**
     * Resolve the given view name into a View object (to be rendered).
     * <p>The default implementations asks all ViewResolvers of this dispatcher.
     * Can be overridden for custom resolution strategies, potentially based on
     * specific model attributes or request parameters.
     * @param viewName the name of the view to resolve
     * @param model the model to be passed to the view
     * @param locale the current locale
     * @param request current HTTP servlet request
     * @return the View object, or <code>null</code> if none found
     * @throws Exception if the view cannot be resolved
     * (typically in case of problems creating an actual View object)
     * @see ViewResolver#resolveViewName
     */
    protected View resolveViewName(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model, Locale locale,
            HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {

        for (ViewResolver viewResolver : this.viewResolvers) {
            View view = viewResolver.resolveViewName(viewName, locale);
            if (view != null) {
                return view;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

/**
	 * Resolve the given view name into a View object (to be rendered).
	 * <p>The default implementations asks all ViewResolvers of this dispatcher.
	 * Can be overridden for custom resolution strategies, potentially based on
	 * specific model attributes or request parameters.
	 * @param viewName the name of the view to resolve
	 * @param model the model to be passed to the view
	 * @param locale the current locale
	 * @param request current HTTP servlet request
	 * @return the View object, or <code>null</code> if none found
	 * @throws Exception if the view cannot be resolved
	 * (typically in case of problems creating an actual View object)
	 * @see ViewResolver#resolveViewName
	 */
	protected View resolveViewName(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model, Locale locale,
			HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {

		for (ViewResolver viewResolver : this.viewResolvers) {
			View view = viewResolver.resolveViewName(viewName, locale);
			if (view != null) {
				return view;
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

此处需要我们配置viewResolver bean给spring使用，指明使用哪个类充当viewResolver并具有什么属性

 

第五步，配置viewResolver bean

 

<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="suffix"><value>.jsp</value></property>
    </bean>

<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="suffix"><value>.jsp</value></property>
    </bean>

中间可以加上prefix或者suffix

 

这些配置完成后，spring就会根据请求地址以及配置信息，找到视图资源并做请求转发操作

 

总结：整个流程分析下来，其实主要就是做两个操作，

首先请求信息到达DispatchServlet，Servlet中根据请求信息与配置文件找到映射的视图资源

然后使用RequestDispatch请求转发到该视图资源。

另外，可以分成多个bean配置文件，在web.xml中配置载入

 

<listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>/WEB-INF/dispatch-data.xml,/WEB-INF/dispatch-service.xml</param-value>
</context-param>

 <listener>
 	<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
 </listener>
 <context-param>
 	<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
 	<param-value>/WEB-INF/dispatch-data.xml,/WEB-INF/dispatch-service.xml</param-value>
 </context-param>

其中contextConfigLocation这个名字可能是匹配FrameworkServlet的setContextConfigLocation方法

 

也有可能是匹配ContextLoaderListener继承ContextLoader的CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM

public static final String CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM = "contextConfigLocation";
（不确定，不太了解context-param的用法，API上两个类关于这个变量的说明都类似，也分不太清楚，反正可以这么记- -||）

 

然后配置的viewResolver bean的id为什么要为viewResolver，下面的是DispatcherServlet中一个静态字符串说明了一切

public static final String VIEW_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME = "viewResolver";