WEB SERVICE

转自http://www.blogjava.net/2195113/articles/57923.html
学习WEB SERVICE一例  (2006-7-12)
一.环境
   本例环境:winxp home,oracle 9i,axis1.3,tomcat4.1,开发环境eclipse3.01.
   顺便说一下如何发布axis:将下载的axis-bin-1.3包中的axis目录(里面有WEB-INF目录)COPY到%tomcat4.1%\webapps\下即可.
二.示例说明
   1.目的:     验证一下WEB SERVICE中,如何返回JavaBean.
   2.服务说明: 查询人员信息，每个人员有这样几个字段：id,name(姓名),age(年龄),birthday(生日),salary(工资),phones(多个电话,以数组实现).
   3.服务名称: getPersonList(),返回一个Person的数组. (该方法是类DBQueryService中的一个方法)
   4.JAVA类:   DBQueryService(设计本例最初是从数据库表中取数据,故以DB开头),提供WEB SERVICE服务的类
               Person:JavaBean.包含返回的数据.
  
三.示例开发过程
   1.编写Person JavaBean源代码如下:

    package demo1;
    import java.util.*;
    public class Person {
    private int      id;
    private String   name;
    private int      age;
    private Date     date;
    private double   salary;
    private String[] phones;
   
    public Person(){}
   
    ///setter method
    public void setId(int id){
        this.id=id;
    }
   
    public void setName(String name){
        this.name=name;
    }
   
    public void setAge(int age){
        this.age=age;
    }
   
    public void setDate(Date date){
        this.date=date;
    }
   
    public void setSalary(double salary){
        this.salary=salary;
    }
   
    public void setPhones(String[] phones){
        this.phones=phones;
    }
   
    ////getter method
    public int getId(){
        return id;
    }
   
    public String getName(){
        return name;
    }
   
    public int getAge(){
        return age;
    }
   
    public Date getDate(){
        return date;
    }
   
    public double getSalary(){
        return salary;
    }
   
    public String[] getPhones(){
        return phones;
    }
    }

   
   2.编写DBQueryService,源代码如下:

    package demo1;
    import java.sql.*;
        import java.util.Date;

        public class DBQueryService {
   
        public Person[] getPersonList(){
        Person[] persons=null;
       
        try{
            String driverName = "oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver";
            String url        = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@127.0.0.1:1521:oradb";
           
            Class.forName(driverName);
            Connection conn    = DriverManager.getConnection(url,"wlz","wlz");
            Statement  stmt1   = conn.createStatement();
            ResultSet  rscount = stmt1.executeQuery("select count(id) from ws_demo");
           
            //取得行数，以动态建立数组
            rscount.next();
            int rowNums=rscount.getInt(1);
            if(rowNums>0){
                persons=new Person[rowNums];
            }else{
                return persons; //返回空值
            }
           
                   
            //取出结果集
            Statement stmt2=conn.createStatement();
            ResultSet rs=stmt2.executeQuery("select * from ws_demo order by id");
            for(int i=0;i<rowNums;i++){
                if(rs.next()){
                    Person person=new Person();
                    person.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
                    person.setName(rs.getString("name"));
                    person.setAge(rs.getInt("age"));
                    person.setDate(rs.getDate("birthday"));
                    person.setSalary(rs.getDouble("salary"));
                    String[] phones=new String[]{rs.getString("phone"),rs.getString("mobile")};
                    person.setPhones(phones);
                    persons[i]=person;
                }
            }
           
            stmt1.close();
            stmt2.close();
            rscount.close();
            rs.close();
            conn.close();  //正常来说，conn.close()应放在finally里面
        }catch(Exception e){
            System.out.println("---------------------------------");
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("---------------------------------");
        }
       
           
        /*
        //如果不想用数据库，使用下面代码,将上面try{}catch{}间的代码注释掉，从学习的效果来说，是一样的。
        persons=new Person[2];  //暂且用两个练练手
       
        Person p0=new Person();
        p0.setId(1);
        p0.setName("张三丰");
        p0.setAge(100);
        p0.setDate(new Date());          //暂时用当天
        p0.setSalary(1055.62);
        String[] phone0=new String[]{"0XX-2391XXXX","13X00000001"};
        p0.setPhones(phone0);
       
        persons[0]=p0;
       
        Person p1 =new Person();
        p1.setId(2);
        p1.setName("张无忌");
        p1.setAge(30);
        p1.setDate(new Date());          //暂时用当天
        p1.setSalary(1578.94);
        String[] phone1=new String[]{"0XX-2391XXXX"};
        p1.setPhones(phone1);
       
        persons[1]=p1;
        */
       
       
        return persons;
    }
   
    //main仅用于测试是否能从数据库返回数据,变成服务时,可将其删除
    public static void main(String[] args){
       
        DBQueryService service=new DBQueryService();
        Person[] p=service.getPersonList();
        System.out.println("             the query result is: \n-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------");
        System.out.println("id\tname\tage\tbirthday\t\t\tsalary\tphones");
        System.out.println("-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------");
        String[] phones;
       
        for(int i=0;i<p.length;i++){
            Person person=p[i];
            phones=person.getPhones();
            String s=person.getId()+"\t"+person.getName()+"\t"+person.getAge()+"\t"+person.getDate()+"\t"+person.getSalary()+"\t";
            for(int j=0;j<phones.length;j++){
                if(phones[j]!=null){
                    s+=phones[j]+"\t";
                }
            }
            System.out.println(s);
        }
        System.out.println("-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------");
    }
    }

      
      
   3.数据库建表语句(ORACLE 9i,各位看官可将其改成其他数据库)
      create table ws_demo(
         id       int,
         name     varchar2(20),
         age      smallint,
         birthday date,
         salary   number(10,2),
         phone    varchar2(20),
         mobile   varchar2(20),
         primary  key (id)
      )
     至于数据,就得你自己来添加了.
  
   4.发布服务
      1),将编译好的两个类(怎么编译?不用我说了吧.值得注意的一点就是类路径要包含axis的几个jar文件),COPY到%tomcat4.1%\webapps\axis\WEB-INF\classes\demo1里(demo1是两个类的包名)
      2).将下面的XML代码COPY进%tomcat4.1%\webapps\axis\WEB-INF里的server-config.wsdd.(这个文件从哪来,是执行org.apache.axis.client.AdminClient得来的,具体可参考别人资料.)
         <service name="DBQueryService" provider="java:RPC">
            <parameter name="allowedMethods" value="*"/>
            <parameter name="className" value="demo1.DBQueryService"/>
            <beanMapping languageSpecificType="java:demo1.Person" qname="ns:Person" xmlns:ns="urn:DBQueryService"/>
         </service>
      至此,发布完毕.让我们看一下,启动tomcat4.1,在IE中打入地址 http://localhost:8080/axis/services/DBQueryService?wsdl,
      如果IE显示一堆XML,说明发布成功.
    
  
   5.客户端调用
     本例采用DII方式调用(根据试验,将DII代码放在JSP中也可运行),源代码:

     package demo1;
    import org.apache.axis.client.Service;
    import org.apache.axis.client.Call;
    import org.apache.axis.encoding.ser.BeanSerializerFactory;
    import org.apache.axis.encoding.ser.BeanDeserializerFactory;
    import javax.xml.namespace.QName;
    import java.net.URL;
    import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

    public class DemoClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        String endPoint="http://localhost:8080/axis/services/DBQueryService";
        Service service=new Service();
        Call call=(Call)service.createCall();
        call.setTargetEndpointAddress(new URL(endPoint));
        QName qn=new QName("urn:DBQueryService","DBQueryService");
        call.registerTypeMapping(Person.class,qn,
                                 new BeanSerializerFactory(Person.class,qn),
                                 new BeanDeserializerFactory(Person.class,qn));
        call.setOperationName(new QName("urn:DBQueryService","getPersonList"));
        call.setReturnType(qn,Person[].class); //灵机一动想出来的。
        Person[] persons=(Person[])call.invoke(new Object[]{});
        if(persons==null) System.out.println("abc");
        printData(persons);
    }
   
       
    public static void printData(Person[] persons){
        SimpleDateFormat sdf=new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
       
        if(persons==null){
            System.out.println("the result is null.");
            return;
        }
       
        System.out.println("the query result is: \n-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------");
        System.out.println("id\tname\tage\tbirthday\tsalary\tphones");
        System.out.println("-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------");
        String[] phones;
        for(int i=0;i<persons.length;i++){
            Person person=persons[i];
            phones=person.getPhones();
            String s=person.getId()+"\t"+person.getName()+"\t"+person.getAge()+"\t"+sdf.format(person.getDate())+"\t"+person.getSalary()+"\t";
            for(int j=0;j<phones.length;j++){
                if(phones[j]!=null){
                    s+=phones[j]+"\t";
                }
            }
            System.out.println(s);
        }
        System.out.println("-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------");
    }
    }

四.点评
   本例有选择的使用int,String,double,String[]等JAVA数据,及一个JavaBean(Person)数组,来验证WEB SERVICE与JAVA中的数据传递(其实你也看到,这种转换是自动进行的),
   在编程当中值得注意的是:
     1.遵守JavaBean规范,要有一个默认构造函数,每个属性要有对应的setter和getter方法.
     2.JavaBean可实现嵌套,如Person中可以再定义一个Address类的JavaBean.
     3.本例中未涉及自定义序列化和反序列化.

五.本示例效果:(采用不连接数据库的代码)

the query result is:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
id    name     age    birthday      salary     phones
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1    张三丰    100    2006-07-13    1055.62    0XX-2391XXXX    13X00000001   
2    张无忌    30     2006-07-13    1578.94    0XX-2391XXXX   
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------