Oracle DBA日常sql列表及常用视图[转]

--监控索引是否使用
alter index &index_name monitoring usage;
alter index &index_name nomonitoring usage;
select * from v$object_usage where index_name = &index_name;
--求数据文件的I/O分布
select df.name,phyrds,phywrts,phyblkrd,phyblkwrt,singleblkrds,readtim,writetim
from v$filestat fs,v$dbfile df
where fs.file#=df.file# order by df.name;
--求某个隐藏参数的值
col ksppinm format a54
col ksppstvl format a54
select ksppinm, ksppstvl
from x$ksppi pi, x$ksppcv cv
where cv.indx=pi.indx and pi.ksppinm like '\_%' escape '\' and pi.ksppinm like '%meer%';
--求系统中较大的latch
select name,sum(gets),sum(misses),sum(sleeps),sum(wait_time)
from v$latch_children
group by name having sum(gets) > 50 order by 2;
--求归档日志的切换频率(生产系统可能时间会很长)
select start_recid,start_time,end_recid,end_time,minutes from (select test.*, rownum as rn
from (select b.recid start_recid,to_char(b.first_time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') start_time,
a.recid end_recid,to_char(a.first_time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') end_time,round

(((a.first_time-b.first_time)*24)*60,2) minutes
from v$log_history a,v$log_history b where a.recid=b.recid+1 and b.first_time > sysdate - 1
order by a.first_time desc) test) y where y.rn < 30
--求回滚段正在处理的事务
select a.name,b.xacts,c.sid,c.serial#,d.sql_text
from v$rollname a,v$rollstat b,v$session c,v$sqltext d,v$transaction e
where a.usn=b.usn and b.usn=e.xidusn and c.taddr=e.addr
and c.sql_address=d.address and c.sql_hashvalue=d.hash_value order by

a.name,c.sid,d.piece;
--求出无效的对象
select 'alter procedure '||object_name||' compile;'
from dba_objects
where status='INVALID' and wner='&' and object_type in ('PACKAGE','PACKAGE BODY');
/
select owner,object_name,object_type,status from dba_objects where status='INVALID';
--求process/session的状态
select p.pid,p.spid,s.program,s.sid,s.serial#
from v$process p,v$session s where s.paddr=p.addr;
--求当前session的状态
select sn.name,ms.value
from v$mystat ms,v$statname sn
where ms.statistic#=sn.statistic# and ms.value > 0;
--求表的索引信息
select ui.table_name,ui.index_name
from user_indexes ui,user_ind_columns uic
where ui.table_name=uic.table_name and ui.index_name=uic.index_name
and ui.table_name like '&table_name%' and uic.column_name='&column_name';
--显示表的外键信息
col search_condition format a54
select table_name,constraint_name
from user_constraints
where constraint_type ='R' and constraint_name in (select constraint_name from

user_cons_columns where column_name='&1');
select rpad(child.table_name,25,' ') child_tablename,
rpad(cp.column_name,17,' ') referring_column,rpad(parent.table_name,25,' ')

parent_tablename,
rpad(pc.column_name,15,' ') referred_column,rpad(child.constraint_name,25,' ')

constraint_name
from user_constraints child,user_constraints parent,
user_cons_columns cp,user_cons_columns pc
where child.constraint_type = 'R' and child.r_constraint_name = parent.constraint_name and
child.constraint_name = cp.constraint_name and parent.constraint_name = pc.constraint_name

and
cp.position = pc.position and child.table_name ='&table_name'
order by child.owner,child.table_name,child.constraint_name,cp.position;
--显示表的分区及子分区(user_tab_subpartitions)
col table_name format a16
col partition_name format a16
col high_value format a81
select table_name,partition_name,HIGH_VALUE from user_tab_partitions where

table_name='&table_name'
--使用dbms_xplan生成一个执行计划
explain plan set statement_id = '&sql_id' for &sql;
select * from table(dbms_xplan.display);
--求某个事务的重做信息(bytes)
select s.name,m.value
from v$mystat m,v$statname s
where m.statistic#=s.statistic# and s.name like '%redo size%';
--求cache中缓存超过其5%的对象
select o.owner,o.object_type,o.object_name,count(b.objd)
from v$bh b,dba_objects o
where b.objd = o.object_id
group by o.owner,o.object_type,o.object_name
having count(b.objd) > (select to_number(value)*0.05 from v$parameter where name =

'db_block_buffers');
--求谁阻塞了某个session(10g)
select sid, username, event, blocking_session,
seconds_in_wait, wait_time
from v$session where state in ('WAITING') and wait_class != 'Idle';
--求session的OS进程ID
col program format a54
select p.spid "OS Thread", b.name "Name-User", s.program
from v$process p, v$session s, v$bgprocess b
where p.addr = s.paddr and p.addr = b.paddr
UNION ALL
select p.spid "OS Thread", s.username "Name-User", s.program
from v$process p, v$session s where p.addr = s.paddr and s.username is not null;
--查会话的阻塞
col user_name format a32
select /*+ rule */ lpad(' ',decode(l.xidusn ,0,3,0))||l.oracle_username user_name,

o.owner,o.object_name,s.sid,s.serial#
from v$locked_object l,dba_objects o,v$session s
where l.object_id=o.object_id and l.session_id=s.sid order by o.object_id,xidusn desc ;
col username format a15
col lock_level format a8
col owner format a18
col object_name format a32
select /*+ rule */ s.username, decode(l.type,'tm','table lock', 'tx','row lock', null)

lock_level, o.owner,o.object_name,s.sid,s.serial#
from v$session s,v$lock l,dba_objects o
where l.sid = s.sid and l.id1 = o.object_id(+) and s.username is not null ;
--求等待的事件及会话信息/求会话的等待及会话信息
select se.sid,s.username,se.event,se.total_waits,se.time_waited,se.average_wait
from v$session s,v$session_event se
where s.username is not null and se.sid=s.sid and s.status='ACTIVE' and se.event not like

'%SQL*Net%' order by s.username;
select s.sid,s.username,sw.event,sw.wait_time,sw.state,sw.seconds_in_wait
from v$session s,v$session_wait sw
where s.username is not null and sw.sid=s.sid and sw.event not like '%SQL*Net%' order by

s.username;
--求会话等待的file_id/block_id
col event format a24
col p1text format a12
col p2text format a12
col p3text format a12
select sid,event,p1text, p1, p2text, p2, p3text, p3
from v$session_wait
where event not like '%SQL%' and event not like '%rdbms%' and event not like '%mon%' order

by event;
select name,wait_time from v$latch l where exists (select 1 from (select sid,event,p1text,

p1, p2text, p2, p3text, p3
from v$session_wait
where event not like '%SQL%' and event not like '%rdbms%' and event not like '%mon%'
) x where x.p1= l.latch#);
--求会话等待的对象
col owner format a18
col segment_name format a32
col segment_type format a32
select owner,segment_name,segment_type
from dba_extents
where file_id = &file_id and &block_id between block_id and block_id + blocks - 1;
--求buffer cache中的块信息
select o.OBJECT_TYPE, substr(o.OBJECT_NAME,1,10) objname , b.objd , b.status, count(b.objd)
from v$bh b, dba_objects o
where b.objd = o.data_object_id and o.owner = '&1' group by o.object_type,

o.object_name,b.objd, b.status ;
--求日志文件的空间使用
select le.leseq current_log_sequence#, 100*cp.cpodr_bno/le.lesiz percentage_full
from x$kcccp cp,x$kccle le
where le.leseq =cp.cpodr_seq;
--求等待中的对象
select /*+rule */ s.sid, s.username, w.event, o.owner, o.segment_name, o.segment_type,
o.partition_name, w.seconds_in_wait seconds, w.state
from v$session_wait w, v$session s, dba_extents o
where w.event in (select name from v$event_name where parameter1 = 'file#'
and parameter2 = 'block#' and name not like 'control%')
and o.owner <> 'sys' and w.sid = s.sid and w.p1 = o.file_id and w.p2 >= o.block_id and w.p2

< o.block_id + o.blocks
--求当前事务的重做尺寸
select value
from v$mystat, v$statname
where v$mystat.statistic# = v$statname.statistic# and v$statname.name = 'redo size';
--唤醒smon去清除临时段
column pid new_value Smon
set termout off
select p.pid from sys.v_$bgprocess b,sys.v_$process p where b.name = 'SMON' and p.addr =

b.paddr
/
set termout on
oradebug wakeup &Smon
undefine Smon
--求回退率
select b.value/(a.value + b.value),a.value,b.value from v$sysstat a,v$sysstat b
where a.statistic#=4 and b.statistic#=5;
--求DISK READ较多的SQL
select st.sql_text from v$sql s,v$sqltext st
where s.address=st.address and s.hashvalue=st.hash_value and s.disk_reads > 300;
--求DISK SORT严重的SQL
select sess.username, sql.sql_text, sort1.blocks
from v$session sess, v$sqlarea sql, v$sort_usage sort1
where sess.serial# = sort1.session_num
and sort1.sqladdr = sql.address
and sort1.sqlhash = sql.hash_value and sort1.blocks > 200;
--求对象的创建代码
column column_name format a36
column sql_text format a99
select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('TABLE','&1') from dual;
select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('INDEX','&1') from dual;
--求表的索引
set linesize 131
select a.index_name,a.column_name,b.status, b.index_type
from user_ind_columns a,user_indexes b
where a.index_name=b.index_name and a.table_name='&1';
求索引中行数较多的
select index_name,blevel,num_rows,CLUSTERING_FACTOR,status from user_indexes where num_rows

> 10000 and blevel > 0
select table_name,index_name,blevel,num_rows,CLUSTERING_FACTOR,status from user_indexes

where status <> 'VALID'
--求当前会话的SID，SERIAL#
select sid, serial# from v$session where audsid = SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','SESSIONID');
--求表空间的未用空间
col mbytes format 9999.9999
select tablespace_name,sum(bytes)/1024/1024 mbytes from dba_free_space group by

tablespace_name;
--求表中定义的触发器
select table_name,index_type,index_name,uniqueness from user_indexes where table_name='&1';
select trigger_name from user_triggers where table_name='&1';
--求未定义索引的表
select table_name from user_tables where table_name not in (select table_name from

user_ind_columns);
--执行常用的过程
exec print_sql('select count(*) from tab');
exec show_space2('table_name');
--求free memory
select * from v$sgastat where name='free memory';
select a.name,sum(b.value) from v$statname a,v$sesstat b where a.statistic# = b.statistic#

group by a.name;
查看一下谁在使用那个可以得回滚段，或者查看一下某个可以得用户在使用回滚段，
找出领回滚段不断增长的事务，再看看如何处理它，是否可以将它commit，再不行
就看看能否kill它，等等,查看当前正在使用的回滚段的用户信息和回滚段信息:
set linesize 121
SELECT r.name "ROLLBACK SEGMENT NAME ",l.sid "ORACLEPID",p.spid "SYSTEM PID ",s.username

"ORACLE USERNAME"
FROM v$lock l, v$process p, v$rollname r, v$session s
WHERE l.sid = p.pid(+) AND s.sid=l.sid AND TRUNC(l.id1(+)/65536) = r.usn AND l.type(+) =

'TX' AND l.lmode(+) = 6 ORDER BY r.name;
--查看用户的回滚段的信息
select s.username, rn.name from v$session s, v$transaction t, v$rollstat r, v$rollname rn
where s.saddr = t.ses_addr and t.xidusn = r.usn and r.usn = rn.usn
--生成执行计划
explain plan set statement_id='a1' for &1;
--查看执行计划
select lpad(' ',2*(level-1))||operation operation,options,OBJECT_NAME,position from

plan_table
start with id=0 and statement_id='a1' connect by prior id=parent_id and statement_id='a1'
执行计划
   1）根据SID，从v$sql中找到相应SQL的HASH_VALUE和ADDRESS ；
   SELECT a.sql_text , a.address , a.hash_value
   FROM   v$sql a , v$session b
   where  a.hash_value = b.sql_hash_value
   and    b.sid = &sid ;
Alan Lee(160921) 22:58:07
 2）根据hash_value和address的值，从v$sql_plan中找到真实的执行计划。
   set line 200;
   col oper format a100;
   select lpad(oper,length(oper)+level*2,' ') oper,cost
   from   (
           select object_name||':'||operation||' '||options as oper,cost,id,parent_id
           from   v$sql_plan
           where  hash_value = &hash_value
           and    address = '&address'
          )
   start with id=0
   connect by prior id = parent_id;
Alan Lee(160921) 22:58:26
这2步，就可以找出实际正在跑的SQL使用的是什么执行计划
set autotrace traceonly statistics
set autotrace traceonly explain
set autotrace traceonly on explain
--查看内存中存的使用
select decode(greatest(class,10),10,decode(class,1,'Data',2,'Sort',4,'Header',to_char

(class)),'Rollback') "Class",
sum(decode(bitand(flag,1),1,0,1)) "Not Dirty",sum(decode(bitand(flag,1),1,1,0)) "Dirty",
sum(dirty_queue) "On Dirty",count(*) "Total"
from x$bh group by decode(greatest(class,10),10,decode

(class,1,'Data',2,'Sort',4,'Header',to_char(class)),'Rollback');
--查看表空间状态
select tablespace_name,extent_management,segment_space_management from dba_tablespaces;
select table_name,freelists,freelist_groups from user_tables;
--查看系统请求情况
SELECT DECODE (name, 'summed dirty write queue length', value)/
DECODE (name, 'write requests', value) "Write Request Length"
FROM v$sysstat WHERE name IN ( 'summed dirty queue length', 'write requests') and value>0;
--计算databuffer命中率
select a.value + b.value "logical_reads", c.value "phys_reads",
round(100 * ((a.value+b.value)-c.value) / (a.value+b.value)) "BUFFER HIT RATIO"
from v$sysstat a, v$sysstat b, v$sysstat c
where a.statistic# = 40 and b.statistic# = 41 and c.statistic# = 42;
SELECT name, (1-(physical_reads/(db_block_gets+consistent_gets)))*100 H_RATIO FROM

v$buffer_pool_statistics;
--查看内存使用情况
select least(max(b.value)/(1024*1024),sum(a.bytes)/(1024*1024)) shared_pool_used,
max(b.value)/(1024*1024) shared_pool_size,greatest(max(b.value)/(1024*1024),sum(a.bytes)/

(1024*1024))-
(sum(a.bytes)/(1024*1024)) shared_pool_avail,((sum(a.bytes)/(1024*1024))/(max(b.value)/

(1024*1024)))*100 avail_pool_pct
from v$sgastat a, v$parameter b where (a.pool='shared pool' and a.name not in ('free

memory')) and b.name='shared_pool_size';
--查看用户使用内存情况
select username, sum(sharable_mem), sum(persistent_mem), sum(runtime_mem)
from sys.v_$sqlarea a, dba_users b
where a.parsing_user_id = b.user_id group by username;
--查看对象的缓存情况
select OWNER,NAMESPACE,TYPE,NAME,SHARABLE_MEM,LOADS,EXECUTIONS,LOCKS,PINS,KEPT
from v$db_object_cache where type not in ('NOT LOADED','NON-

EXISTENT','VIEW','TABLE','SEQUENCE')
and executions>0 and loads>1 and kept='NO' order by owner,namespace,type,executions desc;
select type,count(*) from v$db_object_cache group by type;
--查看库缓存命中率
select namespace,gets, gethitratio*100 gethitratio,pins,pinhitratio*100

pinhitratio,RELOADS,INVALIDATIONS from v$librarycache
--查看某些用户的hash
select a.username, count(b.hash_value) total_hash,count(b.hash_value)-count(unique

(b.hash_value)) same_hash,
(count(unique(b.hash_value))/count(b.hash_value))*100 u_hash_ratio
from dba_users a, v$sqlarea b where a.user_id=b.parsing_user_id group by a.username;
--查看字典命中率
select (sum(getmisses)/sum(gets)) ratio from v$rowcache;
--查看undo段的使用情况
SELECT d.segment_name,extents,optsize,shrinks,aveshrink,aveactive,d.status
FROM v$rollname n,v$rollstat s,dba_rollback_segs d
WHERE d.segment_id=n.usn(+) and d.segment_id=s.usn(+);
--无效的对象
select owner,object_type,object_name from dba_objects where status='INVALID';
select constraint_name,table_name from dba_constraints where status='INVALID';
--求出某个进程，并对它进行跟踪
select s.sid,s.serial# from v$session s,v$process p where s.paddr=p.addr and p.spid=&1;
exec dbms_system.SET_SQL_TRACE_IN_SESSION(&1,&2,true);
exec dbms_system.SET_SQL_TRACE_IN_SESSION(&1,&2,false);
--求出锁定的对象
select do.object_name,session_id,process,locked_mode
from v$locked_object lo, dba_objects do where lo.object_id=do.object_id;
--求当前session的跟踪文件
SELECT p1.value || '/' || p2.value || '_ora_' || p.spid || '.ora' filename
FROM v$process p, v$session s, v$parameter p1, v$parameter p2
WHERE p1.name = 'user_dump_dest' AND p2.name = 'instance_name'
AND p.addr = s.paddr AND s.audsid = USERENV('SESSIONID') AND p.background is null AND

instr(p.program,'CJQ') = 0;
--求对象所在的文件及块号
select segment_name,header_file,header_block
from dba_segments where segment_name like '&1';
--求对象发生事务时回退段及块号
select a.segment_name,a.header_file,a.header_block
from dba_segments a,dba_rollback_segs b
where a.segment_name=b.segment_name and b.segment_id='&1'
--9i的在线重定义表
/*如果在线重定义的表没有主键需要创建主键*/
exec dbms_redefinition.can_redef_table('cybercafe','announcement');
create table anno2 as select * from announcement
exec dbms_redefinition.start_redef_table('cybercafe','announcement','anno2');
exec dbms_redefinition.sync_interim_table('cybercafe','announcement','anno2');
exec dbms_redefinition.finish_redef_table('cybercafe','announcement','anno2');
drop table anno2
exec dbms_redefinition.abort_redef_table('cybercafe','announcement','anno2');
--常用的logmnr脚本(cybercafe)
exec sys.dbms_logmnr_d.build(dictionary_filename =>'esal',dictionary_location

=>'/home/oracle/logmnr');
exec sys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile

(logfilename=>'/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_24050.dbf',

ptions=>sys.dbms_logmnr.new);
exec sys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile

(logfilename=>'/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_22912.dbf',

ptions=>sys.dbms_logmnr.addfile);
exec sys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile

(logfilename=>'/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_22913.dbf',

ptions=>sys.dbms_logmnr.addfile);
exec sys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile

(logfilename=>'/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_22914.dbf',

ptions=>sys.dbms_logmnr.addfile);
exec sys.dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(dictfilename=>'/home/oracle/logmnr/esal.ora');
create table logmnr2 as select * from v$logmnr_contents;
死锁问题：1）查找死锁的进程：
sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SELECT s.username,l.OBJECT_ID,l.SESSION_ID,s.SERIAL#,l.ORACLE_USERNAME,
l.OS_USER_NAME,l.PROCESS FROM V$LOCKED_OBJECT l,V$SESSION S WHERE l.SESSION_ID=S.SID;

2）kill掉这个死锁的进程：
alter system kill session 'sid,serial#'; （其中sid=l.session_id）
3）如果还不能解决，
select pro.spid from v$session ses,v$process pro where ses.sid=XX and ses.paddr=pro.addr;
其中sid用死锁的sid替换。
exit

--与权限相关的字典
ALL_COL_PRIVS表示列上的授权，用户和PUBLIC是被授予者
ALL_COL_PRIVS_MADE表示列上的授权，用户是属主和被授予者
ALL_COL_RECD表示列上的授权，用户和PUBLIC是被授予者
ALL_TAB_PRIVS表示对象上的授权，用户是PUBLIC或被授予者或用户是属主
ALL_TAB_PRIVS_MADE表示对象上的权限，用户是属主或授予者
ALL_TAB_PRIVS_RECD表示对象上的权限,用户是PUBLIC或被授予者
DBA_COL_PRIVS数据库列上的所有授权
DBA_ROLE_PRIVS显示已授予用户或其他角色的角色
DBA_SYS_PRIVS已授予用户或角色的系统权限
DBA_TAB_PRIVS数据库对象上的所有权限
ROLE_ROLE_PRIVS显示已授予用户的角色
ROLE_SYS_PRIVS显示通过角色授予用户的系统权限
ROLE_TAB_PRIVS显示通过角色授予用户的对象权限
SESSION_PRIVS显示用户现在可利用的所有系统权限
USER_COL_PRIVS显示列上的权限，用户是属主、授予者或被授予者
USER_COL_PRIVS_MADE显示列上已授予的权限，用户是属主或授予者
USER_COL_PRIVS_RECD显示列上已授予的权限，用户是属主或被授予者
USER_ROLE_PRIVS显示已授予给用户的所有角色
USER_SYS_PRIVS显示已授予给用户的所有系统权限
USER_TAB_PRIVS显示已授予给用户的所有对象权限
USER_TAB_PRIVS_MADE显示已授予给其他用户的对象权限，用户是属主
USER_TAB_PRIVS_RECD显示已授予给其他用户的对象权限，用户是被授予者
--如何用dbms_stats分析表及模式？
exec dbms_stats.gather_schema_stats

(ownname=>'&USER_NAME',estimate_percent=>dbms_stats.auto_sample_size,
method_opt => 'for all columns size auto',degree=> DBMS_STATS.DEFAULT_DEGREE);
exec dbms_stats.gather_schema_stats

(ownname=>'&USER_NAME',estimate_percent=>dbms_stats.auto_sample_size,cascade=>true);
/*
FOR ALL [INDEXED | HIDDEN] COLUMNS [size_clause]
FOR COLUMNS [size clause] column|attribute [size_clause] [,column|attribute

[size_clause]...],
where size_clause is defined as size_clause := SIZE {integer | REPEAT | AUTO | SKEWONLY}
integer--Number of histogram buckets. Must be in the range [1,254].
REPEAT--Collects histograms only on the columns that already have histograms.
AUTO--Oracle determines the columns to collect histograms based on data distribution and

the workload of the columns.
SKEWONLY--Oracle determines the columns to collect histograms based on the data

distribution of the columns
*/
 常用系统表,视图和作用
查看有关用户的信息:dba_users
查看有关角色的信息:dba_roles,dba_role_privs,role_sys_privs
查看有关系统权限的信息:dba_sys_privs
查看当前数据库表空间状况:dba_tablespaces
查看用户的系统权限:user_sys_privs
查看某个用户对另外一个用户授予的权限:user_tab_privs_made
查看某个用户对另外一个用户授予的列级权限:user_col_privs_made
查看某个用户接受的权限:user_tab_privs_recd
查看某个用户接受的列级权限:user_col_privs_recd
查看有关用户的角色信息:user_role_privs
查看有关授予某个角色的系统权限信息:role_sys_privs
查看有关授予某个角色的对象权限信息:role_tab_privs
查看当前用户所拥有的表信息:user_tables
查看当前用户有权限访问的表信息:all_tables
查看当前用户所拥有的所有表的列信息:user_tab_columns
查看当前用户可以访问的表中的列信息:all_tab_columns
查看当前用户所拥有的所有约束信息:user_constraint
查看当前用户所拥有的所有约束和列的关系:user_cons_constraint
查看表中注释内容:user_tab_comments
查看表中列注释内容：user_col_comments
提供练习的表:dual
查看相关时区的名称和简称:v$timezone_names
V$OPTION:显示已安装的Oracle选项
select * from v$option;
取得Oracle版本的详细信息
select * from v$version;
取得初始化参数的详细信息
select name,value,description from v$parameter;
取得当前例程的详细信息
select * from v$instance;

1、用户
　　查看当前用户的缺省表空间
　　SQL>select username,default_tablespace from user_users;
　　查看当前用户的角色
　　SQL>select * from user_role_privs;
　　查看当前用户的系统权限和表级权限
　　SQL>select * from user_sys_privs;或
select  username,  default_tablespace,  temporary_tablespace, priv granted_role, 

default_role  from dba_users u,      (select grantee,granted_role priv,default_role        

  from dba_role_privs          union all         select grantee,privilege  priv,''         

 from dba_sys_privs c       ) r where u.username = r.grantee order by username ;
　　SQL>select * from user_tab_privs;
　　显示当前会话所具有的权限
　　SQL>select * from session_privs;
　　显示指定用户所具有的系统权限
　　SQL>select * from dba_sys_privs where grantee='GAME';
2、表
　　查看用户下所有的表
　　SQL>select * from user_tables;
　　查看名称包含log字符的表
　　SQL>select object_name,object_id from user_objects
　　where instr(object_name,'LOG')>0;
　　查看某表的创建时间
　　SQL>select object_name,created from user_objects where object_name=upper

('&table_name');
　　查看某表的大小
　　SQL>select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as "size(M)" from user_segments
　　where segment_name=upper('&table_name');
　　查看放在ORACLE的内存区里的表
　　SQL>select table_name,cache from user_tables where instr(cache,'Y')>0;
3、索引
　　查看索引个数和类别
　　SQL>select index_name,index_type,table_name from user_indexes order by table_name;
　　查看索引被索引的字段
　　SQL>select * from user_ind_columns where index_name=upper('&index_name');
　　查看索引的大小
　　SQL>select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as "size(M)" from user_segments
　　where segment_name=upper('&index_name');
4、序列号
　　查看序列号，last_number是当前值
　　SQL>select * from user_sequences;
5、视图
　　查看视图的名称
　　SQL>select view_name from user_views;
　　查看创建视图的select语句
　　SQL>set view_name,text_length from user_views;
　　SQL>set long 2000; 说明：可以根据视图的text_length值设定set long 的大小
　　SQL>select text from user_views where view_name=upper('&view_name');
6、同义词
　　查看同义词的名称
　　SQL>select * from user_synonyms;
7、约束条件
　　查看某表的约束条件
　　SQL>select constraint_name, constraint_type,search_condition, r_constraint_name
　　from user_constraints where table_name = upper('&table_name');
　　SQL>select c.constraint_name,c.constraint_type,cc.column_name
　　from user_constraints c,user_cons_columns cc
　　where c.owner = upper('&table_owner') and c.table_name = upper('&table_name')
　　and c.owner = cc.owner and c.constraint_name = cc.constraint_name
　　order by cc.position;
8、存储函数和过程
　　查看函数和过程的状态
　　SQL>select object_name,status from user_objects where object_type='FUNCTION';
　　SQL>select object_name,status from user_objects where object_type='PROCEDURE';
　　查看函数和过程的源代码
　　SQL>select text from all_source where wner=user and name=upper('&plsql_name');
1. 监控事例的等待
  select   event,
    sum(decode(wait_Time,0,0,1)) "Prev",
    sum(decode(wait_Time,0,1,0)) "Curr",
    count(*) "Tot"
       from  v$session_Wait
       group by event
       order by 4;
 
2. 回滚段的争用情况
      select   name, waits, gets, waits/gets "Ratio"
       from  v$rollstat a, v$rollname b
       where  a.usn = b.usn;
 
3. 监控表空间的 I/O 比例
      select   df.tablespace_name name,df.file_name "file",f.phyrds pyr,
        f.phyblkrd pbr,f.phywrts pyw, f.phyblkwrt pbw
       from  v$filestat f, dba_data_files df
       where  f.file# = df.file_id
       order by df.tablespace_name;
 
4. 监控文件系统的 I/O 比例
      select   substr(a.file#,1,2) "#", substr(a.name,1,30) "Name",
        a.status, a.bytes, b.phyrds, b.phywrts
       from  v$datafile a, v$filestat b
       where  a.file# = b.file#;
 
5.在某个用户下找所有的索引
      select   user_indexes.table_name,
        user_indexes.index_name,
        uniqueness,
        column_name
       from  user_ind_columns, user_indexes
       where  user_ind_columns.index_name = user_indexes.index_name and
        user_ind_columns.table_name = user_indexes.table_name
       order by user_indexes.table_type, user_indexes.table_name,
        user_indexes.index_name, column_position;
6. 监控 SGA 的命中率
      select   a.value + b.value "logical_reads",
        c.value "phys_reads",
        round(100 * ((a.value+b.value)-c.value) / (a.value+b.value)) "BUFFER HIT RATIO"
       from  v$sysstat a, v$sysstat b, v$sysstat c
       where  a.statistic# = 38 and b.statistic# = 39 and
        c.statistic# = 40;
 
7. 监控 SGA 中字典缓冲区的命中率
      select   parameter, gets,Getmisses ,
        getmisses/(gets+getmisses)*100 "miss ratio",
        (1-(sum(getmisses)/ (sum(gets)+sum(getmisses))))*100 "Hit ratio"
       from  v$rowcache
       where  gets+getmisses &lt;>0
       group by parameter, gets, getmisses;
 
8. 监控 SGA 中共享缓存区的命中率，应该小于1%
      select   sum(pins) "Total Pins", sum(reloads) "Total Reloads",
        sum(reloads)/sum(pins) *100 libcache
       from  v$librarycache;
      select   sum(pinhits-reloads)/sum(pins) "hit radio",
        sum(reloads)/sum(pins) "reload percent"
       from  v$librarycache;
 
9. 显示所有数据库对象的类别和大小
      select   type,
        count(name) num_instances,
        sum(source_size) source_size,
        sum(parsed_size) parsed_size,
        sum(code_size) code_size,
        sum(error_size) error_size,
        sum(source_size) +sum(parsed_size) +sum(code_size) +sum(error_size) size_required
       from  dba_object_size
       group by type
       order by 1;
 
10. 监控 SGA 中重做日志缓存区的命中率，应该小于1%
      SELECT   name, gets, misses, immediate_gets, immediate_misses,
        Decode(gets,0,0,misses/gets*100) ratio1,
        Decode(immediate_gets+immediate_misses,0,0,
         immediate_misses/(immediate_gets+immediate_misses)*100) ratio2
       FROM  v$latch
       WHERE  name IN ('redo allocation', 'redo copy');
 
11.  监控内存和硬盘的排序比率，最好使它小于 .10，增加 sort_area_size
      SELECT   name, value
       FROM  v$sysstat
       WHERE  name IN ('sorts (memory)', 'sorts (disk)');
 
12. 监控当前数据库谁在运行什么SQL语句
      SELECT   osuser, username, sql_text
       from  v$session a, v$sqltext b
       where  a.sql_address =b.address order by address, piece;
 
13. 监控字典缓冲区
      SELECT   (SUM(PINS - RELOADS)) / SUM(PINS) "LIB CACHE"
       FROM  V$LIBRARYCACHE;
      SELECT   (SUM(GETS - GETMISSES - USAGE - FIXED)) / SUM(GETS) "ROW CACHE"
       FROM  V$ROWCACHE;
      SELECT   SUM(PINS) "EXECUTIONS", SUM(RELOADS) "CACHE MISSES WHILE EXECUTING"
       FROM  V$LIBRARYCACHE;
     后者除以前者,此比率小于1%,接近0%为好。
      SELECT   SUM(GETS) "DICTIONARY GETS",SUM(GETMISSES) "DICTIONARY CACHE GET MISSES"
       FROM  V$ROWCACHE;
 
14. 找ORACLE字符集
      select * from sys.props$ where name='NLS_CHARACTERSET';
 
15. 监控 MTS
  select busy/(busy+idle) "shared servers busy" from v$dispatcher;
  此值大于0.5时，参数需加大
  select sum(wait)/sum(totalq) "dispatcher waits" from v$queue where type='dispatcher';
  select count(*) from v$dispatcher;
  select servers_highwater from v$mts;
  servers_highwater接近mts_max_servers时，参数需加大
 
16. 碎片程度
      select   tablespace_name,count(tablespace_name)
       from  dba_free_space
       group by tablespace_name
       having count(tablespace_name)>10;
  alter tablespace name coalesce;
  alter table name deallocate unused;
      create or replace view ts_blocks_v as
       select   tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,
         segment_name
        from  dba_free_space
       union all
       select   tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,
         segment_name
        from  dba_extents;
      select * from ts_blocks_v;
      select   tablespace_name,sum(bytes),max(bytes),count(block_id)
       from  dba_free_space
       group by tablespace_name;
     查看碎片程度高的表
      SELECT   segment_name table_name , COUNT(*) extents
       FROM  dba_segments
       WHERE  owner NOT IN ('SYS', 'SYSTEM')
       GROUP BY segment_name
       HAVING COUNT(*) = (SELECT MAX(COUNT(*)) FROM dba_segments GROUP BY segment_name);
 
17. 表、索引的存储情况检查
      select   segment_name,sum(bytes),count(*) ext_quan
       from  dba_extents
       where   tablespace_name='&tablespace_name' and
        segment_type='TABLE'
       group by tablespace_name,segment_name;
      select   segment_name,count(*)
       from  dba_extents
       where  segment_type='INDEX' and wner='&owner'
       group by segment_name;
 
18、找使用CPU多的用户session
     12是cpu used by this session
      select   a.sid,spid,status,substr(a.program,1,40) prog,
        a.terminal,osuser,value/60/100 value
       from  v$session a,v$process b,v$sesstat c
       where  c.statistic#=12 and
        c.sid=a.sid and
        a.paddr=b.addr
       order by value desc;
 
19.对可疑/性能不好的ServerProcess来进行Trace.,可以用tkprof来分析Trace的结果.比较方便.使用

Unix的KSH.
   (1) start_trc:
  #!/bin/ksh
  if (( $# != 1 ))
  then
  echo Usuage: start_trc pid
  fi
  sid_serial=$(print "
  connect / as sysdba;
  set heading off;
  set feedback off;
  select a.sid,a.serial# from v\$session a,v\$process b where a.paddr=b.addr and b.spid=$1;
  exit;
  " | sqlplus -s /nolog | grep -v 'Connected' | sed -e 's/\([0-9]\{1,\}\)/\1,/' -e '/^$/d'

)
  if [[ -z $sid_serial ]]
  then
  print "Seems that this process $1 is not an Oracle process!"
  exit 1
  fi
  print "
  connect / as sysdba;
  execute dbms_system.set_sql_trace_in_session($sid_serial,true);
  exit;
  " | sqlplus -s /nolog
 
  (2) stop_trc:
  #!/bin/ksh
  if (( $# != 1 ))
  then
  echo Usuage: stop_trc pid
  fi
  sid_serial=$(print "
  connect / as sysdba;
  set heading off;
  set feedback off;
  select a.sid,a.serial# from v\$session a,v\$process b where a.paddr=b.addr and b.spid=$1;
  exit;
  " | sqlplus -s /nolog | grep -v 'Connected' | sed -e 's/\([0-9]\{1,\}\)/\1,/' -e '/^$/d'

)
  if [[ -z $sid_serial ]]
  then
  print "Seems that this process $1 is not an Oracle process!"
  exit 1
  fi
  print "
  connect / as sysdba;
  execute dbms_system.set_sql_trace_in_session($sid_serial,false);
  exit;
  " | sqlplus -s /nolog
 
20.查看Lock
  SELECT   sn.username, m.sid, m.type,
    DECODE(m.lmode, 0, 'None',
     1, 'Null',
     2, 'Row Share',
     3, 'Row Excl.',
     4, 'Share',
     5, 'S/Row Excl.',
     6, 'Exclusive',
     lmode, ltrim(to_char(lmode,'990'))) lmode,
    DECODE(m.request,0, 'None',
     1, 'Null',
     2, 'Row Share',
     3, 'Row Excl.',
     4, 'Share',
     5, 'S/Row Excl.',
     6, 'Exclusive',
     request, ltrim(to_char(m.request,'990'))) request,
    m.id1, m.id2
   FROM  v$session sn, v$lock m
   WHERE  (sn.sid = m.sid AND m.request != 0) OR
    ( sn.sid = m.sid AND
     m.request = 0 AND
     lmode != 4 AND
     (id1, id2) IN (
       SELECT   s.id1, s.id2
        FROM  v$lock s
        WHERE  request != 0 AND
         s.id1 = m.id1 AND
         s.id2 = m.id2
       )
    )
   ORDER BY id1, id2, m.request;
 
   select   l.sid,s.serial#,s.username,s.terminal,
     decode(l.type,'RW','RW - Row Wait Enqueue',
      'TM','TM - DML Enqueue',
      'TX','TX - Trans Enqueue',
      'UL','UL - User',l.type||'System') res,
     substr(t.name,1,10) tab,u.name owner,
     l.id1,l.id2,
     decode(l.lmode,1,'No Lock',
      2,'Row Share',
      3,'Row Exclusive',
      4,'Share',
      5,'Shr Row Excl',
      6,'Exclusive',null) lmode,
     decode(l.request,1,'No Lock',
      2,'Row Share',
      3,'Row Excl',
      4,'Share',
      5,'Shr Row Excl',
      6,'Exclusive',null) request
    from  v$lock l, v$session s,
     sys.user$ u,sys.obj$ t
    where  l.sid = s.sid and
     s.type != 'BACKGROUND' and
     t.obj# = l.id1 and
     u.user# = t.owner#;
監控登入登出的用戶:
創建如下的兩張表:
create table login_log                        --        登入登出信息表
(
    session_id int not null,        --        sessionid
    login_on_time  date,                --        登入時間      
    login_off_time  date,                --        登出時間      
    user_in_db        varchar2(30),        --        登入的db user
    machine    varchar2(20),           --        機器名
    ip_address varchar2(20),        --        ip地址
    run_program varchar2(20)    --        以何程序登入
);
create table allow_user                        --        網域用戶表
(
    ip_address varchar2(20),                --        ip地址
    login_user_name nvarchar2(20)   --        操作者姓名
);
創建如下的兩個觸發器:
create or replace trigger login_on_info                --        紀錄登入信息的觸發器
after logon on database
Begin
    insert into login_log

(session_id,login_on_time,login_off_time,user_in_db,machine,ip_address,run_program)
    select AUDSID,sysdate,null,sys.login_user,machine,SYS_CONTEXT

('USERENV','IP_ADDRESS'),program
    from v$session where AUDSID = USERENV('SESSIONID');  --當前SESSION
END;
create or replace trigger login_off_info        --        紀錄登出信息的觸發器
before logoff on database
Begin
        update login_log set  login_off_time = sysdate
        where session_id = USERENV('SESSIONID');        --當前SESSION      
exception
    when others then
            null;
END;
方法二:
用如下的方式可以審計執行drop動作的事件:
/**
* drop語句的審計日誌表
*/
create table drop_log
(
    session_id int not null,         --        sessionid
    drop_time  date,                         --        drop的時間
    ip_address varchar2(20),         --        ip地址
    object_owner varchar2(30),         --        對象的擁有者
    object_name varchar2(30),         --        對象名稱
    object_type varchar2(20),         --        對象類型
    drop_by_user        varchar2(30) -- 執行drop語句的用戶
);
create or replace trigger drop_info
after drop on mfg0513user.schema                 --        在mfg0513user用戶上創建審計drop

的觸發器
begin
    insert into drop_log
                            (session_id,
                            drop_time,
                            ip_address,
                            object_owner,
                            object_name,
                            object_type,
                            drop_by_user)
            values(USERENV('SESSIONID'),
                            sysdate,
                            SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','IP_ADDRESS'),
                            sys.dictionary_obj_owner,
                            sys.dictionary_obj_name,
                            sys.dictionary_obj_type,
                            sys.login_user);  
end;