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Java网络编程从入门到精通(17):Socket类的getter和setter方法(1)

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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"> <link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><![endif]--><!--[if !mso]> <style> st1":*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } </style> <![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ &#64;font-face {font-family:宋体; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;} &#64;font-face {font-family:""&#64;宋体"; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} /* Page Definitions */ &#64;page {} &#64;page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} /* List Definitions */ &#64;list l0 {} &#64;list l0:level1 { margin-left:39.0pt; text-indent:-18.0pt;} ol {margin-bottom:0cm;} ul {margin-bottom:0cm;} --> </style> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable { mso-style-parent:""; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]-->

本文为原创,如需转载,请注明作者和出处,谢谢!

上一篇:Java网络编程从入门到精通(16):客户端套接字(Socket)的超时

Java类中,getter和setter方法占了很大的比重。由于Java中没有定义属性的关键字;因此,getter和setter方法用于获得和设置Java类的属性值;getNamesetName方法用于设置name属性的值。如果某个属性只有getter方法,那这个属性是只读的;如果只有setter方法,那么这个属性是只写的。在Socket类中也有很多这样的属性来获得和Socket相关的信息,以及对Socket对象的状态进行设置。

一、用于获得信息的getter方法

我们可以从Socket对象中获得3种信息。

1. 服务器信息

对于客户端来说,服务器的信息只有两个:IP和端口。Socket类为我们提供了3个方法来得到这两个信息。

(1) public InetAddress getInetAddress()

这个方法返回一个InetAddress对象。通过这个对象,可以得到服务器的IP、域名等信息。

<!--<br /> <br /> Code highlighting produced by Actipro CodeHighlighter (freeware)<br /> http://www.CodeHighlighter.com/<br /> <br /> -->Socketsocket=newSocket("www.ptpress.com.cn",80);
System.out.println(socket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(socket.getInetAddress().getHostName());

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ &#64;font-face {font-family:宋体; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;} &#64;font-face {font-family:""&#64;宋体"; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} /* Page Definitions */ &#64;page {} &#64;page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable { mso-style-parent:""; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]-->

(2) public int getPort()

这个方法可以以整数形式获得服务器的端口号。

<!--<br /> <br /> Code highlighting produced by Actipro CodeHighlighter (freeware)<br /> http://www.CodeHighlighter.com/<br /> <br /> -->Socketsocket=newSocket("www.ptpress.com.cn",80);
System.out.println(socket.getInetAddress().getPort());

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ &#64;font-face {font-family:宋体; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;} &#64;font-face {font-family:""&#64;宋体"; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} /* Page Definitions */ &#64;page {} &#64;page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable { mso-style-parent:""; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]-->

(3) public SocketAddress getRemoteSocketAddress()

这个方法是将getInetAddressgetPort方法结合在了一起;利用这个方法可以同时得到服务器的IP和端口号。但这个方法返回了一个SocketAddress对象,这个对象只能作为connect方法的参数用于连接服务器;而要想获得服务器的IP和端口号,必须得将SocketAddress转换为它的子类InetSocketAddress

<!--<br /> <br /> Code highlighting produced by Actipro CodeHighlighter (freeware)<br /> http://www.CodeHighlighter.com/<br /> <br /> -->Socketsocket=newSocket("www.ptpress.com.cn",80);
System.out.println(((InetSocketAddress)socket.getRemoteSocketAddress()).getHostName());
System.out.println(((InetSocketAddress)socket.getRemoteSocketAddress()).getPort());

注意:以上3个方法都可以在调用Socket对象关闭后调用。它们所获得的信息在Socket对象关闭后仍然有效。如果直接使用IP连接服务器时,getHostName和getHostAddress的返回值是一样的;都是服务器的IP。
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C05%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ &#64;font-face {font-family:宋体; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;} &#64;font-face {font-family:""&#64;宋体"; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} /* Page Definitions */ &#64;page {} &#64;page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} /* List Definitions */ &#64;list l0 {} &#64;list l0:level1 { margin-left:39.0pt; text-indent:-18.0pt;} ol {margin-bottom:0cm;} ul {margin-bottom:0cm;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable { mso-style-parent:""; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]-->

2. 本机信息

与服务器信息一样,本机信息也有两个:本地IP和绑定的本地端口号。这些信息也可以通过3个方法来获得。

(1) public InetAddress getLocalAddress()

这个方法返回了本机的InetAddress对象。通过这个方法可以得到本机的IP和机器名。当本机绑定了多个IP时,Socket对象使用哪一个IP连接服务器,就返回哪个IP。如果本机使用ADSL上网,并且通过Socket对象连接到Internet上的某一个IP或域名上(如www.ptpress.com.cn),则getLocalAddress将返回“ADSL连接所临时绑定的IP;因此,我们可以通过getLocalAddress得到ADSL的临时IP

<!--<br /> <br /> Code highlighting produced by Actipro CodeHighlighter (freeware)<br /> http://www.CodeHighlighter.com/<br /> <br /> -->Socketsocket=newSocket();
socket.connect(
newInetSocketAddress("www.ptpress.com.cn",80));
System.out.println(socket.getLocalAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(socket.getLocalAddress().getHostName());

<meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C07%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><![endif]--><style> <!--{cps..23}-</style>(2) public int getLocalPort()

通过这个方法可以得到Socket对象所绑定的本机的一个端口号;如果未绑定端口号,则返回一个从102465,535之间的随机数。因此,使用这个方法可能每次得到的端口号不一样。

<!--<br /> <br /> Code highlighting produced by Actipro CodeHighlighter (freeware)<br /> http://www.CodeHighlighter.com/<br /> <br /> -->Socketsocket=newSocket();
//如果使用下面的bind方法进行端口绑定的话,getLocalPort方法将返回100
//socket.bind(newInetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",100));
socket.connect(newInetSocketAddress("www.ptpress.com.cn"80));
System.out.println(socket.getLocalPort())

(3) public SocketAddress getLocalSocketAddress()

这个方法和getRemoteSocketAddress方法类似,也是同时得到了本地IPSocket对象所绑定的端口号。如果要得到本地IP和端口号,必须将这个方法的返回值转换为InetSocketAddress对象。

<!--<br /> <br /> Code highlighting produced by Actipro CodeHighlighter (freeware)<br /> http://www.CodeHighlighter.com/<br /> <br /> -->Socketsocket=newSocket("www.ptpress.com.cn",80);
System.out.println(((InetSocketAddress)socket.getLocalSocketAddress()).getHostName());
System.out.println(((InetSocketAddress)socket.getLocalSocketAddress()).getPort());

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ &#64;font-face {font-family:宋体; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;} &#64;font-face {font-family:""&#64;宋体"; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} /* Page Definitions */ &#64;page {} &#64;page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} /* List Definitions */ &#64;list l0 {} &#64;list l0:level1 { margin-left:39.0pt; text-indent:-18.0pt;} &#64;list l1 {} &#64;list l1:level1 {mso-level-text:""(%1")"; margin-left:42.0pt; text-indent:-21.0pt;} ol {margin-bottom:0cm;} ul {margin-bottom:0cm;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable { mso-style-parent:""; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]-->3. 用于传输数据的输入、输出流

输入、输出流在前面的章节已经被多次用到。在这里让我们来简单回顾一下。

(1) public InputStream getInputStream() throws IOException

用于获得从服务器读取数据的输入流。它所得以的流是最原始的源。为了操作更方便,我们经常使用InputStreamReaderBufferedReader来读取从服务器传过来的字符串数据。<!--<br /> <br /> Code highlighting produced by Actipro CodeHighlighter (freeware)<br /> http://www.CodeHighlighter.com/<br /> <br /> -->

<!--<br /> <br /> Code highlighting produced by Actipro CodeHighlighter (freeware)<br /> http://www.CodeHighlighter.com/<br /> <br /> -->Socketsocket=newSocket("www.ptpress.com.cn",80);
InputStreaminputStream
=socket.getInputStream();
InputStreamReaderinputStreamReader
=newInputStreamReader(inputStream);
BufferedReaderbufferedReader
=newBufferedReader(inputStreamReader);
System.out.println(bufferedReader.readLine());

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C16%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ &#64;font-face {font-family:宋体; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;} &#64;font-face {font-family:""&#64;宋体"; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} /* Page Definitions */ &#64;page {} &#64;page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} /* List Definitions */ &#64;list l0 {} &#64;list l0:level1 {mso-level-text:""(%1")"; margin-left:42.0pt; text-indent:-21.0pt;} ol {margin-bottom:0cm;} ul {margin-bottom:0cm;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable { mso-style-parent:""; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]-->

(2) public OutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException

用于获得向服务器发送数据的输出流。输出流可以通过OutputStreamWriterBufferedWriter向服务器写入字符串数据。

<!--<br /> <br /> Code highlighting produced by Actipro CodeHighlighter (freeware)<br /> http://www.CodeHighlighter.com/<br /> <br /> -->Socketsocket=newSocket("www.ptpress.com.cn",80);
OutputStreamoutputStream
=socket.getOutputStream();
OutputStreamWriteroutputStreamWriter
=newOutputStreamWriter(outputStream);
BufferedWriterbufferedWriter
=newBufferedWriter(outputStreamWriter);
bufferedWriter.write(
"你好");
bufferedWriter.flush();

注意:在使用OutputStream的write方法输出数据后,必须使用flush方法刷新输出缓冲区,以便将输出缓冲区中的数据发送出去。如果要输出字符串,使用OutputStreamWriter和BufferedWriter都可以;它们的write方法都可以直接使用字符串作为参数来输出数据。而这一点与相应的InputStreamReader和BufferedReader不同;它们中只有BufferedReader有readLine方法,因此,必须使用BufferedReader才能直接读取字符串数据。

下一篇:Java网络编程从入门到精通(18):Socket类的getter和setter方法(2)
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C20%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ &#64;font-face {font-family:宋体; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;} &#64;font-face {font-family:""&#64;宋体"; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} /* Page Definitions */ &#64;page {} &#64;page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} /* List Definitions */ &#64;list l0 {} &#64;list l0:level1 { margin-left:18.0pt; text-indent:-18.0pt;} ol {margin-bottom:0cm;} ul {margin-bottom:0cm;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable { mso-style-parent:""; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]-->

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"> <link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C03%5Cclip_filelist.xml"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ &#64;font-face {font-family:宋体; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;} &#64;font-face {font-family:""&#64;宋体"; panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-justify:inter-ideograph; font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} /* Page Definitions */ &#64;page {} &#64;page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable { mso-style-parent:""; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]-->

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